القوات المسلحة الملغاشية

القوات المسلحة الملغاشية
فرنسية: Forces armées de Madagascar
ملاگاسي: Tafika Malagasy
Bastille Day 2014 Paris - Color guards 019.jpg
تأسس1960
فروع الخدمةالجيش الملغاشي
القوات الجوية الملغاشية
البحرية الملغاشية
خفر السواحل
المقر الرئيسيأنتاناناريڤو
القيادة
القائد الأعلىأندري راجولينا[1]
الوزيرليون جي رتشارد راكوتونيرينا[2]
Chief of StaffDivision General Lala Monja Delphin Sahivelo[3]
العديد
التجنيد18 months (military and non-military service)
الأفراد النشطون13,500 (military)
8,100 (National Gendarmerie)[4]
مقالات ذات صلة
الرتبMilitary ranks of Madagascar

القوات المسلحة الملغاشية (فرنسية: Forces armées de Madagascar، ملاگاسي: Tafika Malagasy، إنگليزية: Madagascar Armed Forces)، هي القوات العسكرية الوطنية لجمهورية مدغشقر. تشمل القوات المسلحة الملغاشية أكثر من 12.500 فرد، 500 في البحرية، و500 فرد في القوات الجوية.

شاركت القوات المسلحة في الأزمة السياسية الملغاشية 2009. وأثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية، قاتلت القوات الملغاشية في فرنسا، المغرب، وسوريا.


التاريخ

A flintlock gun seized in Madagascar by France in 1898, now displayed at the Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de La Rochelle.

The rise of centralized kingdoms among the Sakalava, Merina and other ethnic groups produced the island's first standing armies, first equipped with spears, but later with muskets, cannons and other firearms. King Ralambo (1575–1612) raised the first standing army in the highland Kingdom of Imerina with a handful of guns, although for at least two centuries the armies of the Sakalava were much larger and better equipped, possessing thousands of muskets obtained principally through trade with European partners.[5] By the early 19th century, however, the army of the Kingdom of Imerina was able to bring much of the island under Merina control.

Military ranks of the Kingdom of Imerina military in the 19th century. Hierarchy from lower to upper class soldiers.

Merina Queen Ranavalona, like her predecessors, utilized the tradition of fanampoana (service due to the sovereign in lieu of taxes) to conscript a large portion of the population of Imerina into military service, enabling the queen to raise a standing army that was estimated at 20,000 to 30,000 soldiers.[6]

By the late 19th century French plans to colonize Madagascar were gaining momentum, leading British mercenaries to provide training to the queen's army in an unsuccessful bid to repel the French troops. Madagascar was colonized in 1896, and during World War II over 46,000 Malagasy soldiers were drafted to fight with the Allies, over 2,000 of whom died fighting for France.[7]

Madagascar boarding party trains by boarding Le Floreal, a French naval vessel, during Operation Cutlass Express 2016

Madagascar gained political independence and sovereignty over its military in 1960. Since this time Madagascar has never engaged in an armed conflict, whether against another state or within its own borders. As such the armed forces of Madagascar have primarily served a peacekeeping role. However, the military has occasionally intervened to restore order during periods of political unrest. When President Philibert Tsiranana was forced to step down in 1972, a military directorate ensured an interim government before appointing one of its own, Admiral Didier Ratsiraka, to lead the country into its socialist Second Republic. He launched a strategy of obligatory national armed or civil service for all young citizens regardless of gender. The majority were channeled into civil service, including agriculture and education programs for rural development based on the socialist Soviet model.[8] Ratsiraka would also mobilize elements of the military to pacify unarmed protesters, occasionally using violent means. His order to fire upon unarmed protesters in 1989 was the catalyst for transition to the democratic Third Republic in 1992. The military remained largely neutral during the protracted standoff between incumbent Ratsiraka and challenger Marc Ravalomanana in the disputed 2001 presidential elections. By contrast, in 2009 a segment of the army defected to the side of Andry Rajoelina, then-mayor of Antananarivo, in support of his attempt to force President Ravalomanana from power. It is widely believed that payoffs were involved in persuading these military personnel to change camps in support of the coup d'état.[7]

As of 2010, the military of Madagascar is composed of the 8,100 paramilitary of the National Gendarmerie and the 13,500 members of the Armed Forces. According to the International Institute of Strategic Studies' Military Balance 2010, the latter includes an Army of 12,500, a Navy of 500 and a 500-strong Air Force,[9] while the CIA Factbook describes the Armed Forces as consisting of the Intervention Force, Aeronaval Force (navy and air) and the Development Force. Military service is voluntary and limited to males aged 18 to 25; every citizen of either gender is required to have perform either military or civil service for a minimum of 18 months. However, because of a lack of up-to-date census data, this requirement is not currently enforced. The Gendarmerie recruits Malagasy citizens between the ages of 20 and 30 (or 35 if the recruit has prior military service). Military expenses constituted just over one percent of GDP.[10] Under Ravalomanana, military expenditure doubled from 54 million USD in 2006 to 103 million USD in 2008.[11]


العتاد

الجيش

الأسلحة الصغيرة

الاسم صورة العيار النوع المنشأ ملاحظات
Pistols
TT-33[12] TT33.JPG 7.62×25mm Semi-automatic pistol  الاتحاد السوڤيتي
MAC 50[12] MAC-50 detoured.jpg 9×19mm Semi-automatic pistol  فرنسا
M1911[12] M1911A1.png .45 ACP Semi-automatic pistol  الولايات المتحدة
Rifles
SKS[12] Simonov-SKS-45.JPG 7.62×39mm Semi-automatic rifle  الاتحاد السوڤيتي
AKM[12] AKM automatkarbin Ryssland - 7,62x39mm - Armémuseum rightside noBG.png 7.62×39mm Assault rifle  الاتحاد السوڤيتي
AK-74[12] AKS-74.png 5.45×39mm Assault rifle  الاتحاد السوڤيتي
Type 63[12] Rifle Type 63 noBG.png 7.62×39mm Assault rifle  الصين
Type 56[12] Type 56 mod02 noBG.png 7.62×39mm Assault rifle  الصين
Machine guns
DShK[12] 12,7-мм станковый пулемёт ДШК образца 1938 года.jpg 12.7×108mm Heavy machine gun  الاتحاد السوڤيتي
AA-52[12] Mitrailleuse-IMG 1728.jpg 7.5×54mm General-purpose machine gun  فرنسا
Browning M2[12] PEO Browning M2E2 QCB (c1).jpg .50 BMG Heavy machine gun  الولايات المتحدة
Rocket propelled grenade launchers
RPG-7[12] Rpg-7.jpg 40mm Rocket-propelled grenade  الاتحاد السوڤيتي
LRAC F1[13] LRAC F1-detoured-cropped.png 89mm Shoulder-launched missile weapon  فرنسا

مركبات القتال المدرعة

الموديل صورة المنشأ الكمية تفاصيل
Light tanks
PT-76 Pt76.jpg  الاتحاد السوڤيتي 12 [14]
Reconnaissance
BRDM-2 BRDM-2-Command-latrun-2.jpg  الاتحاد السوڤيتي ~35 [14]
FV701 Ferret Ferret Mk2 armored car.jpg  المملكة المتحدة 10 [14]
M3A1 White M3A1 Scout Car.JPG  الولايات المتحدة ~20 [14]
M8 M8 Greyhound U.S. Army Armor & Cavalry Collection 2023.jpg 8 [14]
Armoured personnel carriers
Panthera T4 Image unavailable.png  الإمارات العربية المتحدة 6 [14][15][16]

البنية التحتية/الأسلحة المضادة للدبابات

الموديل صورة المنشأ العيار الكمية تفاصيل
Recoilless rifles
M40A1 M40 105 mm RR.jpg  الولايات المتحدة 106mm Not stated [14]

المدفعية

الموديل صورة المنشأ العيار الكمية تفاصيل
Towed
M101 105mm howitzer in Greenup, KY, US.jpg  الولايات المتحدة 105mm 5 [14]
D-30 122- мм гаубица Д-30 (1).jpg  الاتحاد السوڤيتي 122mm 12 [14]
Mortars
M-37 Zagan 82 mm moździerz wz 37.jpg  الاتحاد السوڤيتي 82mm Not stated [14]
M-43 120 mm regimental mortar M1943.jpg 120mm 8 [14]

الدفاع الجوي

الموديل صورة المنشأ العيار الكمية تفاصيل
Towed
ZPU-4 Moroccan ZPU-2 in Land Cruiser.jpg  الاتحاد السوڤيتي 14.5mm 50 [14]
PG-55 61-K anti-aircraft gun, 2007.jpg 37mm 20 [14]

البحرية

Bridge of the offshore patrol vessel RC Trozona
انظر أيضاً: بحرية مدغشقر

القوات الجوية

The AAM's roundel is based on the Flag of Madagascar.
الموديل المنشأ الكمية تفاصيل
Transport
Cessna 172  الولايات المتحدة 4 [17]
Let L-410 Turbolet 1 [18]
Cessna 206 6 [17]
Cessna 310 1 [17]
Cessna 337 2 [17]
PA-23 1 [17]
B-737 2 [17]
CN235M  إسپانيا 1 [17]
J.300  فرنسا 2 [17]
Tetras 1 [14]
Yak-40  الاتحاد السوڤيتي 4 [17]
Helicopters
SA318C  فرنسا 3 [17]
AS350 3 [17]
BK117  اليابان 1 [17]
MiG-21 of the Malagasy Air Force.


انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ "Madagascar • Africa Elects".
  2. ^ "Indian envoy meets Madagascar defence minister, discusses issues of mutual interest". ANI News. 2021-08-03. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  3. ^ "DEFENSE NATIONALE – le général Lala Monja Delphin Sahivelo remplace le général Jean Claude Rabenaivoarivelo à la tête de". 17 June 2021.
  4. ^ IISS (2012), p. 442
  5. ^ Barendse, R. J. (2002). The Arabian seas: the Indian Ocean world of the seventeenth century. Berlin: M.E. Sharpe. pp. 259–274. ISBN 978-0-7656-0729-4. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
  6. ^ Freeman, Joseph John; Johns, David (1840). A narrative of the persecution of the Christians in Madagascar: with details of the escape of six Christian refugees now in England. Berlin: J. Snow. Retrieved February 5, 2011.
  7. ^ أ ب Bradt (2010), pp. 7-10
  8. ^ Strakes, Jason (2006), "Armed Forces of the People", in Leonard, Thomas M., Encyclopedia of the developing world, 1, New York: Taylor & Francis, p. 86, ISBN 978-1-57958-388-0, https://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC, retrieved on April 1, 2011 
  9. ^ IISS Military Balance 2010, p.314-315
  10. ^ "The World Factbook: Madagascar". Central Intelligence Agency. April 1, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
  11. ^ IISS Military Balance 2010, p.467
  12. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س Jane's World Armies online edition (19 May 2011)
  13. ^ Strakes, Jason (2006), "Armed Forces of the People", in Leonard, Thomas M., Encyclopedia of the developing world, 1, New York: Taylor & Francis, p. 86, ISBN 978-1-57958-388-0, https://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC, retrieved on April 1, 2011 
  14. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 13, 2024). The Military Balance 2024 (1st ed.). Routledge. p. 244. ISBN 978-1032780047.
  15. ^ Martin, Guy (2020-07-10). "Madagascar operating Panthera T4 armoured vehicles". defenceWeb (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  16. ^ de Cherisey, Erwan (2020-07-08). "Madagascar Armed Forces field new armoured vehicles". Janes (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  17. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 13, 2024). The Military Balance 2024 (1st ed.). Routledge. p. 245. ISBN 978-1032780047.
  18. ^ midi-madagasikara.mg

المراجع

CIA.svg This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook (2006 edition) which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the المشاع.


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