جمهورية سلوفينيا الاشتراكية Socialist Republic of Slovenia

Coordinates: 46°03′00″N 14°30′00″E / 46.0500°N 14.5000°E / 46.0500; 14.5000
جمهورية سلوڤينيا الاشتراكية[أ]
(1963-1990)
Socialistična republika Slovenija (Slovene)
Republic of Slovenia
(1990-1991)
Republika Slovenija (Slovene)

1945–1991
علم Slovenia
العلم
{{{coat_alt}}}
Emblem
النشيد: "Naprej, zastava slave"
"Forward, Flag of Glory"
(1972–1990)

"Zdravljica"
(from 1990)
Slovenia within Yugoslavia
Slovenia within Yugoslavia
الوضعConstituent republic of Yugoslavia
العاصمةLjubljana
اللغات المشتركةSlovene
الحكومة1945–1989:
Socialist republic
1989–1991:
Parliamentary constitutional republic
President 
• 1945–1953 (first)
Josip Vidmar
• 1990–1991 (last)
Milan Kučan
Prime Minister 
• 1945–1946 (first)
Boris Kidrič
• 1990–1991 (last)
Lojze Peterle
General Secretary 
• 1945–1946 (first)
Boris Kidrič
• 1989–1990 (last)
Ciril Ribičič
الحقبة التاريخيةCold War
• SNOS
19 February 1945
23 December 1990
• Independence declared
25 June 1991
27 June – 7 July 1991
• Recognized
12 January 1992
م.ت.ب. (1991)0.772
high
سبقها		 تلاها
1945:
Italian Social Republic
Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral
مملكة المجر
1954:
Free Territory of Trieste
Republic
of Slovenia
اليوم جزء منSlovenia
جزء من سلسلة عن
تاريخ سلوڤينيا
Ducatus Carintiae et Carniolae, Cilleia Comitatus, Nova Tabula que et Pars est Meridionalior.

جمهورية سلوڤينيا الاشتراكية (Slovene: Socialistična republika Slovenija, صربو-كرواتية: Socijalistička Republika Slovenija / Социјалистичка Република Словенија), commonly referred to as Socialist Slovenia or simply Slovenia, was one of the six federal republics forming Yugoslavia and the nation state of the Slovenes. It existed under various names from its creation on 29 November 1945 until 25 June 1991.

In early 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government – installed by the League of Communists – and adopted a multi-party democracy.[1] Republic of Slovenia dropped the 'Socialist' label shortly after and in late 1990 cast a successful public vote for independence, which it formally declared on 25 June 1991 and achieved after the brief Ten-Day War.

الأسماء

The republic was first officially named Federal Slovenia (Slovene: Federalna Slovenija, صربو-كرواتية: Federalna Slovenija / Федерална Словенија) until 20 February 1946, when it was renamed the People's Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: Ljudska republika Slovenija, صربو-كرواتية: Narodna Republika Slovenija / Народна Република Словенија).[2] It retained this name until 9 April 1963, when its name was changed again, this time to Socialist Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: Socialistična republika Slovenija, صربو-كرواتية: Socijalistička Republika Slovenija / Социјалистичка Република Словенија).[3]

On 8 March 1990, the Socialist Republic of Slovenia removed the prefix "Socialist" from its name, becoming the Republic of Slovenia,[4] though remaining a constituent state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 25 June 1991, when it enacted the laws resulting in independence.

الاقتصاد

Although it comprised only about one-eleventh of Yugoslavia's total population, it was the most productive of the Yugoslav republics, accounting for one-fifth of its GDP and one-third of its exports.[5]

GDP per capita of republics and autonomous provinces

Indexed GDP per capita by federal unit[6]
Federal unit 1953 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1989
SR Slovenia 161.1 174.9 180.4 183.2 193.7 205.3 200.5 203.1 199.0
SR Croatia 115.4 122.5 119.2 120.3 123.6 123.1 125.6 125.3 125.6
SAP Vojvodina 99.4 93.6 107.9 112.5 107.4 115.1 113.5 117.8 119.0
SR Serbia 96.8 90.8 96.4 96.3 96.5 96.7 98.7 99.2 103.1
SR Montenegro 74.8 77.2 64.5 76.3 77.2 69.1 79.6 78.0 73.5
SR Bosnia and Herzegovina 85.7 83.3 76.0 71.7 67.6 65.8 65.6 68.7 67.9
SR Macedonia 68.0 68.4 63.9 66.6 70.0 68.0 66.3 64.2 65.7
SAP Kosovo 45.8 42.5 37.4 36.5 34.1 33.4 28.6 27.7 25.6

الاستقلال

In September 1989, numerous constitutional amendments were passed by the Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, which introduced parliamentary democracy to the country.[7][8] The same year Action North both united the opposition and democratized communist establishment in Slovenia as the first defense action against Milošević's supporters' attacks, leading to Slovenian independence.[9][10][11]

The word 'Socialist' was removed from the name of the then state on 7 March 1990.[12] The socialist infrastructure was largely dissolved. The first open democratic election was held on 8 April 1990.[13] The parliamentary elections were won by the opposition, known as the DEMOS coalition led by the dissident Jože Pučnik. At the same time, Milan Kučan, the former chairman of the League of Communists of Slovenia (ZKS), was elected President of the Republic. The democratically elected parliament nominated the Christian Democratic leader Lojze Peterle as Prime Minister, which effectively ended the 45-year-long rule of the Communist Party. During this period, Slovenia retained its old flag and coat of arms, and most of the previous symbols as it awaited the creation of new symbols that would eventually come after independence. The old national anthem, Naprej zastava slave, had already been replaced by the Zdravljica in March 1990.

On 23 December 1990, a referendum on independence was held in Slovenia, at which 94.8% of the voters (88.5% of the overall electorate) voted in favour of separation of Slovenia from Yugoslavia.[14][15] On 25 June 1991, the acts about the Slovenian independence were passed by the Assembly; Slovenia was immediately recognized by likewise declared Croatia and it recognized the latter in kind. Following a short Ten-Day War, the military of Slovenia secured its independence; by the end of the year, its independence was recognized by the wider international community.

انظر أيضاً

Notes

  1. ^ Historical names:
    • 1945-1946: Federal Slovenia
      (Slovene: Federalna Slovenija)
    • 1946-1963: People's Republic of Slovenia
      (Slovene: Ljudska republika Slovenija)

References

  1. ^ "Slovenia". worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  2. ^ Kopač, Janez (2007). "Mesto kot upravnoteritorialna enota 1945–1955" [A Town as an Administrative–Territorial Unit]. Arhivi (in السلوفانية and الإنجليزية). Arhivsko društvo Slovenije. 30 (2): 83. ISSN 0351-2835. قالب:COBISS.
  3. ^ Kopač, Janez (2001). "Ustava Socialistične republike Slovenije z dne 9. aprila 1963" [The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia from 9 April 1963]. Arhivi (in السلوفانية). XXIV (1): 1.
  4. ^ Potrč, Miran (8 March 1990). "Odlok o razglasitvi ustavnih amandmajev k ustave Republike Slovenije" [Decree on the Proclamation of Constitutional Amendments to the Constitution] (PDF). Uradni list Republike Slovenije [Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia] (in السلوفانية). 47 (8). ISSN 0350-4964.
  5. ^ "Slovenia". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2025-01-03.
  6. ^ Vojnić, Dragomir (22 May 2013). "Ekonomija i politika tranzicije Pola stoljeća povijesti reforme socijalizma i tranzicije 1962. – 2012" [The Economy and Policy of Transition Half a Century of the Reform of Socialism and the Transition (1962–2012)]. Hrčak (in الكرواتية). Rad Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti – Razred za društvene znanosti. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  7. ^ Zajc, Drago (2004). Razvoj parlamentarizma: funkcije sodobnih parlamentov [The Development of Parliamentarism: The Functions of Modern Parliaments] (PDF) (in السلوفانية). Publishing House of the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana. p. 109. ISBN 961-235-170-8.
  8. ^ "Osamosvojitveni akti Republike Slovenije" [Independence Acts of the Republic of Slovenia] (in السلوفانية). Office for Legislation, Government of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  9. ^ "Historical Circumstances in Which "The Rally of Truth" in Ljubljana Was Prevented". Journal of Criminal Justice and Security. Archived from the original on 13 ديسمبر 2013. Retrieved 4 يوليو 2012.
  10. ^ ""Rally of truth" (Miting resnice)". A documentary published by RTV Slovenija. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  11. ^ "akcijasever.si". The "North" Veteran Organization. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  12. ^ "Odlok o razglasitvi ustavnih amandmajev k ustave Socialistične Republike Slovenije" [The Decree About the Proclamation of Constitutional Amendments to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia] (PDF). Uradni List Republike Slovenije (in السلوفاكية). 16 March 1990. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  13. ^ Greif, Gregor (2006). Posledice ustavnih izbir in demokratični prehod v Republiki Sloveniji [The Consequences of Constitutional Choices and the Democratic Transition in the Republic of Slovenia] (PDF) (in السلوفانية). Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana.
  14. ^ Flores Juberías, Carlos (November 2005). "Some legal (and political) considerations about the legal framework for referendum in Montenegro, in the light of European experiences and standards". Legal Aspects for Referendum in Montenegro in the Context of International Law and Practice (PDF). Foundation Open Society Institute, Representative Office Montenegro. p. 74. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-26.
  15. ^ "Volitve" [Elections]. Statistični letopis 2011 [Statistical Yearbook 2011]. Vol. 15. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. 2011. p. 108. ISSN 1318-5403. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

قالب:Federal subjects of Yugoslavia

قالب:Years in Slovenia

46°03′00″N 14°30′00″E / 46.0500°N 14.5000°E / 46.0500; 14.5000

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