فرانكونيا السفلى Lower Franconia

(تم التحويل من فرنكونيا السفلى)
Lower Franconia
Unterfranken (بالألمانية)
Regierungsbezirk
علم Lower Franconia
Flag
درع Lower Franconia
Coat of arms
خريطة باڤاريا تبين موقع فرانكونيا السفلى
خريطة باڤاريا تبين موقع فرانكونيا السفلى
موقع فرانكونيا السفلى في ألمانيا
موقع فرانكونيا السفلى في ألمانيا
البلدألمانيا
Stateباڤاريا
Region seatڤورتس‌بورگ
الحكومة
 • District PresidentEugen Ehmann
المساحة
 • الإجمالي8٬530٫99 كم² (3٬293٫83 ميل²)
التعداد
 (31 ديسمبر 2018)[1]
 • الإجمالي1٬317٬124
 • الكثافة150/km2 (400/sq mi)
GDP
[2]
 • Total€56.994 billion (2021)
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.regierung.unterfranken.bayern.de

Lower Franconia (ألمانية: Unterfranken) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of فرانكونيا. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).

التاريخ

After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria the state was totally reorganised and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative government regions (German: Regierungsbezirke, singular Regierungsbezirk), in Bavaria called Kreise (singular: Kreis). They were created in the fashion of the French departements, quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers.

In the following years, due to territorial changes (e. g. loss of Tyrol, addition of the Palatinate), the number of Kreise was reduced to 8. One of these was the Untermainkreis (Lower Main District). In 1837 king Ludwig I of Bavaria renamed the Kreise after historical territorial names and tribes of the area. This also involved some border changes or territorial swaps. Thus the name Untermainkreis changed to Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg, but the city name was dropped in the middle of the 20th century, leaving just Lower Franconia.

From 1933, the regional Nazi Gauleiter, Otto Hellmuth, (who had renamed his party Gau "Mainfranken") insisted on renaming the government district Mainfranken as well. He encountered resistance from Bavarian state authorities but finally succeeded in having the name of the district changed, effective 1 June 1938.[3] After 1945 the name Unterfranken was restored.

The municipal reform (Kreisreform) of June 1972 consolidated the 22 country districts of Lower Franconia into nine.

New district Former district(s)
Aschaffenburg Aschaffenburg, Alzenau
Bad Kissingen Bad Kissingen, Bad Brückenau, Hammelburg
Haßberge Ebern, Haßfurt, Hofheim in Unterfranken, part of Gerolzhofen
Kitzingen Kitzingen, part of Gerolzhofen
Main-Spessart Gemünden, Karlstadt, Lohr, part of Marktheidenfeld
Miltenberg Miltenberg, Obernburg, part of Marktheidenfeld
Rhön-Grabfeld Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Königshofen, Mellrichstadt
Schweinfurt Schweinfurt, part of Gerolzhofen
ڤورتس‌بورگ ڤورتس‌بورگ، Ochsenfurt, part of Gerolzhofen, part of Marktheidenfeld


Unterfranken is the north-west part of Franconia and consists of three district-free cities (Kreisfreie Städte) and nine country districts (Landkreise).

The major portion of the Franconian wine region تقع في فرانكونيا السفلى.

الاقتصاد

The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 53.7 billion € in 2018, accounting for 1.6% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 37,500 € or 124% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 102% of the EU average.[4]

الدرع

The coat of arms includes the "Franconian Rake" (the arms of Duchy of Franconia) in the upper portion, the "Rennfähnlein (de)", a banner, quarterly argent (silver) and gules (red), on a lance or (gold), in bend, on an azure (blue) field, associated with Würzburg in the lower left quadrant, and a white/silver wheel on a red field symbolizing the clerical state of Mainz, in the lower right quadrant.

المساحة والتعداد

المدينة أو المقاطعة التعداد (2013) المساحة (كم²) Communities
City of Aschaffenburg 67,748 5.22% 62 0.7% 1 0.3%
مدينة شڤاين‌فورت 51,918 4.00% 36 0.4% 1 0.3%
مدينة ڤورتس‌بورگ 124,154 9,57% 88 1.0% 1 0.3%
Aschaffenburg 172,521 13.30% 699 8.2% 32 10.4%
Bad Kissingen 103,003 7.94% 1,137 13.3% 26 8.4%
Haßberge 84,136 6.49% 956 11.2% 26 8.4%
Kitzingen 88,025 6.79% 684 8.0% 31 10.1%
Main-Spessart 126,458 9.75% 1,322 15.5% 40 13.0%
Miltenberg 127,980 9.87% 716 8.4% 32 10.4%
Rhön-Grabfeld 80,065 6.17% 1,022 12.0% 37 12.0%
شڤاين‌فورت 112,916 8.71% 842 9.9% 29 9.4%
ڤورتس‌بورگ 158,132 12.19% 968 11.3% 52 16.9%
الإجمالي 1,297,056 100.0% 8,531 100.0% 308 100.0%
التعداد التاريخي
1910 710,943
1939 844,732
1950 1,038,930
1961 1,089,983
1970 1,181,309
1987 1,202,711
2002 1,344,300
2005 1,341,481
2010 1,318,695
2015 1,306,048
2019 1,317,619

المعالم الرئيسية

Würzburg Residenz
Aschaffenburg, Johannisburg

Next to the former episcopal residence cities of Würzburg (with Veitshöchheim) and Aschaffenburg, the towns of Miltenberg, Amorbach and Werneck, the scenic attractions of the River Main including the Mainschleife at Volkach and the low mountain ranges of the Rhön with the spa town Bad Kissingen and of the Spessart with Mespelbrunn Castle belong to the major tourist attractions.

أشخاص بارزون

التعليم العالي

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ "Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes". Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung (in German). July 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ^ "EU regions by GDP, Eurostat". Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  3. ^ "Mainfranken – Historisches Lexikon Bayerns". www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de (in الألمانية).
  4. ^ "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018". Eurostat.

وصلات خارجية

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