661

القرون:	قرن 6 · قرن 7 · قرن 8
العقود:	ع630 ع640 ع650 ع660 ع670 ع680 ع690
السنوات:	658 659 660 661 662 663 664

ألفية:	الألفية 1
قرون:	القرن 6 – القرن 7 – القرن 8
عقود:	عقد 630  عقد 640  عقد 650  – عقد 660 –  عقد 670  عقد 680  عقد 690
سنين:	658 659 660 – 661 – 662 663 664

Expansion of the caliphate under the Umayyads:

  Expansion under Muhammad، 622–632

  Expansion during the Rashidun Caliphate، 632–661

  Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate، 661–750

661 حسب الموضوع

السياسة

زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة

تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات

المواليد – الوفيات

تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات

تأسيسات – انحلالات

661 في التقاويم الأخرى

التقويم الگريگوري	661 DCLXI
آب أوربه كونديتا	1414
التقويم الأرمني	110 ԹՎ ՃԺ
التقويم الآشوري	5411
التقويم البهائي	−1183 – −1182
التقويم البنغالي	68
التقويم الأمازيغي	1611
سنة العهد الإنگليزي	N/A
التقويم البوذي	1205
التقويم البورمي	23
التقويم البيزنطي	6169–6170
التقويم الصيني	庚申年 (المعدن القرد) 3357 أو 3297     — إلى — 辛酉年 (المعدن الديك) 3358 أو 3298
التقويم القبطي	377–378
التقويم الديسكوردي	1827
التقويم الإثيوپي	653–654
التقويم العبري	4421–4422
التقاويم الهندوسية
- ڤيكرام سامڤات	717–718
- شاكا سامڤات	583–584
- كالي يوگا	3762–3763
تقويم الهولوسين	10661
تقويم الإگبو	−339 – −338
التقويم الإيراني	39–40
التقويم الهجري	40–41
التقويم الياباني	N/A
تقويم جوچى	N/A
التقويم اليوليوسي	661 DCLXI
التقويم الكوري	2994
تقويم مينگوو	1251 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前1251年
التقويم الشمسي التايلندي	1204

Year 661 (DCLXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 661 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

 أحداث

 حسب المكان

 أوروبا

• King Chlothar III of Neustria and queen regent Balthild found Corbie Abbey in Picardy (northern France), giving it immunity from taxation, and visits from local bishops in exchange for prayer.
• Perctarit and Godepert become co-rulers of the Lombards، following the death of their father Aripert I. They split the kingdom, and establish their capitals in Milan and Pavia (northern Italy).

 بريطانيا

• Battle of Posbury: King Cenwalh of Wessex invades Dumnonia (south-west England). He is victorious over the native Briton tribes near Crediton in Devon، and drives them to the coast.
• King Wulfhere of Mercia and his army harry the Berkshire Downs (south of Thame) and move south to conquer the Meonwara and the Isle of Wight.
• Wulfhere appoints Æthelwealh as king of Sussex، and Æthelwealh is baptized in Mercia. He receives the recently-conquered territories in modern-day Hampshire.

 الدولة العربية

Muawiya I became caliph in mid 661, after the Abdication of caliph al-Hasan. Muawiya established the Umayyad dynasty (Muawiya with Councillors, from the manuscript of Hafiz-i Abru’s Majma’ al-tawarikh)

• January 26 - Assassination of Ali: Ali ibn Abi Talib، first Shia imam and fourth caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate، is struck on the head with a poisoned sword by the Khawarij Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam، while at prayer at a shrine at Kufa (modern-day), dying two days later. His son, Hasan ibn Ali، is chosen by Muslims to succeed him as the next leader. According to the Umayyads، he is succeeded by Muawiyah I as Caliph, age 59, who moves his seat of government to Damascus، and founds the Umayyad Caliphate، ending the Rashidun Caliphate.
• Approximate date – Muawiya I imprisons patriarch Giwargis I، after his refusal to pay tribute. Christians are persecuted and their churches are destroyed.

 اليابان

• Approximate date – The imperial fleet of Japan invades Kyūshū by the order of Empress Saimei. On its way, princess Nukata composes a famous poem at Nikitatsu in Iyo Province.
• c. May – Empress Saimei builds the palace of Asakura in Kyūshū, from trees cut down from the shrines. Two months later she dies. People say it is because the gods are angry with her for destroying the shrines.
• July 24 – Emperor Tenji ascends to the throne of Japan after his mother Empress Saimei’s death. He sends an expeditionary force under Abe no Hirafu to Korea, to help the allied kingdom of Baekje.

 كوريا

• King Munmu becomes the 30th ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla.

 حسب الموضوع

 الدين

• Maximus the Confessor، Christian monk, is recalled from exile in Thrace. He is tried, and sentenced to mutilation. His tongue and his right hand are cut off to prevent his further opposition to the Monothelites.
• Approximate date – In Gaul all Roman bishops are replaced with Frankish bishops. They become increasingly common, as Frankish leaders control the episcopate.

 مواليد

• February 12 – Ōku، Japanese princess (d. 702)
• Early June – Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf، Arab governor (d. 714)
• Approximate date – Ælfwine، Northumbrian king of Deira (k. 679)
• Chen Zi'ang، Chinese poet and official (d. 702)
• Liu Zhiji، Chinese historian (d. 721)

 وفيات

• January 3 – Benjamin، Coptic Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria (b. c.590)
• January 29 – Ali، first Shia Imam and Fourth Rashidun Caliph (b. 601) (martyred)
• February 17 – Finan of Lindisfarne، Irish-born bishop
• July 24 – Kōgyoku (also Saimei), twice empress of Japan (b. 594)
• Aripert I، king of the Lombards
• Cenberht، West Saxon king in Wessex
• Cuthred, West Saxon prince in Wessex
• تاريخ تقريبي – Landry، bishop of Paris
• الأشعث بن قيس، من صحابة الرسول محمد
• لبيد بن ربيعة، شاعر مخضرم.

 المراجع

 المصادر

• Roberts, J.M. (1994). History of the World. Penguin.