حرق متعمد

The Skyline Parkway Motel at Rockfish Gap after arson on July 9, 2004.

الحَرْق المتعمد جريمة حرق مبنى أو ممتلكات أخرى عمدًا. في بعض الحالات، يُرتكب الحرق المتعمد للانتقام من مالك المبنى أو شاغله. وتُشعل حرائق أخرى لتدمير القرائن الجنائية أو إخفاء آثار أي جريمة أخرى، مثل القتل أو السطو. مع ذلك، فبعض حالات الحرق المتعمد تنتج عن التخريب أو الهوس الجنوني بالحرق، وهي رغبة لا يُسيطر عليها إلا بإشعال الحرائق.

في كثير من البلدان، حيث يؤدي الحرق المتعمد إلى الموت، يكون الحارق المتعمد قد ارتكب جريمة القتل، حتى وإن لم يكن ينوي قتل أحد. ومن الصعب إثبات الحرق المتعمد في معظم الحالات؛ لأن النار يمكن أن تدمر أية قرائن جنائية.

مهما يكن، فكثير من أقسام الشرطة والإطفاء بها خبراء مدرّبون خصيصًا على التحرّي في القضايا التي يُشتبه فيها الحرق المتعمد. وقد أصبحت شركات التأمين غير راغبة بشكل متزايد في تحمل الخسائر الناتجة عن الحرائق مالم يتم إجراء تحرّ شامل فيها. ولقد دعا الكثير من أقسام الشرطة والإطفاء إلى سن قوانين أكثر تشددًا ضد الحرق المتعمد.

 الدرجات

Many U.S. state legal systems and the legal systems of several other countries divide arson into degrees, depending sometimes on the value of the property but more commonly on its use and whether the crime was committed in the day or night.

• First-degree arson – Burning an occupied structure such as a school or a place where people are normally present
• Second-degree arson – Burning an unoccupied building such as an empty barn or an unoccupied house or other structure in order to claim insurance on such property
• Third-degree arson – Burning an abandoned building or an abandoned area, such as a field, forest or woods.

Many statutes vary the degree of the crime according to the criminal intent of the accused. Some US states use other degrees of arson, such as "fourth" and "fifth" degree, while some states do not categorize arson by any degree. For example, in the state of Tennessee, arson is categorized as "arson" and "aggravated arson."

 أشهر مضرمي الحرائق

الجنرال الفرنسي ميلاك أصبح فاحش السمعة بسبب حرق المدن والمزارع في جنوب غرب ألمانيا أثناء حرب التسع سنوات.

• Herostratus, accused of setting fire to the Temple of Artemis in 356 BCE.
• Zayd ibn Musa al-Kazim, whose reign was characterized by a pogrom against the supporters of the Abbasids in 815 and 816, which earned him the nickname Zayd al-Nar ('Zayd of the Fire') due to the large numbers of houses belonging to Abbasid family members or their followers that he torched.
• Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin, Irish nobleman and soldier, known as Murchadh na dTóiteán ("Murrough the Burner") for his role in the Sack of Cashel and other similar atrocities during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.
• Margaret Clark set a home on fire in London in 1680.
• David Berkowitz, American serial killer who was also implicated in many unsolved arsons in the New York City in the 1970s.
• Peter Dinsdale, confessed to a total of 11 acts of arson, pleading guilty to 26 counts of manslaughter. The fires were set from 1972 to 1979.
• John Leonard Orr, as arson investigator for the Glendale, CA fire department who set over 2,000 Los Angeles fires from 1984 to 1991.
• Julio González, the perpetrator behind the Happy Land Fire killed 87 in 1990, likely as revenge against his ex-girlfriend.
• Paul Kenneth Keller, convicted of setting over 107 fires in 1992 and 1993.
• John Magno and several others were responsible for the Woodbine Building Supply fire in 2001.
• Thomas Sweatt, set over 350 fires in and around Washington, D.C., most of which occurred in 2003 and 2004.
• Raymond Lee Oyler, set the Esparanza Fire which burned over 41,000 acres of land, in 2006.
• Benjamin Christensen, volunteer firefighter from Pennsylvania responsible for setting seven fires from 2007 to 2008.
• Francisco Ignacio Mondaca and Francisco Pinto were responsible for starting the 2024 Chile wildfires that killed 137 people.

للمزيد من المعلومات: Category:Arsonists, Category:Buildings and structures destroyed by arson, and Category:Arson deaths

 انظر أيضا

• ATF Fire Research Laboratory
• إنفجار
• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
• FBI
• Firebombing
• Fire investigation
• Gävle goat
• Herostratus
• Incendiary device
• Insurance fraud
• Letter bomb
• Mass murder
• Pyromania
• Reckless burning
• School shooting
• Vandalism
• إرهاب
• حريق غابات
• John Magno
• John Leonard Orr

 المصادر

• الموسوعة المعرفية الشاملة
• Karki, Sameer (2002). Community Involvement in and Management of Forest Fires in South East Asia (PDF). Project FireFight South East Asia. Retrieved 2009-02-13.
• White, J. & Dalby, J. T., 2000. Arson. In D. Mercer, T. Mason, M. McKeown, G. McCann (Eds) Forensic Mental Health Care. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston. ISBN 0-443-06140-8

 وصلات خارجية

• Media related to Arsons at Wikimedia Commons