إدواردو فري رويس تاگلى Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle | |
|---|---|
.jpg&filetimestamp=20260205200123&) Official portrait, 1994 | |
| 31st President of Chile | |
| في المنصب 11 March 1994 – 11 March 2000 | |
| سبقه | Patricio Aylwin |
| خلـَفه | Ricardo Lagos |
| Member of the Senate of Chile | |
| في المنصب 11 March 2006 – 11 March 2014 | |
| سبقه | Gabriel Valdés Subercaseaux |
| خلـَفه | Alfonso de Urresti |
| الدائرة الانتخابية | North Los Lagos Region |
| في المنصب 11 March 1990 – 11 March 1994 | |
| سبقه | Position established |
| خلـَفه | María Elena Carrera |
| الدائرة الانتخابية | East Santiago |
| President of the Senate of Chile | |
| في المنصب 11 March 2006 – 11 March 2008 | |
| سبقه | Sergio Romero Pizarro |
| خلـَفه | Adolfo Zaldívar |
| Senator for life | |
| في المنصب 11 March 2000 – 11 March 2006 | |
| خلـَفه | Office abolished |
| تفاصيل شخصية | |
| وُلِد | Eduardo Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle 24 يونيو 1942 Santiago, Chile |
| القومية | Chilean, Swiss |
| الحزب | Christian Democratic |
| الزوج | |
| الأنجال | Verónica Cecilia Magdalena Catalina |
| الأقارب | Carmen Frei (Sister) |
| المدرسة الأم | University of Chile |
| الوظيفة | Civil engineer |
| التوقيع |  |
Eduardo Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (إسپانية pronunciation: [eˈðwaɾðo alˈfɾeðo ˈxwam beɾˈnaɾðo ˈfɾej rwis ˈtaɣle]; born 24 June 1942) is a Chilean politician and civil engineer who served as president of Chile from 1994 to 2000. He was also a Senator, fulfilling the role of President of the Senate from 2006 to 2008. He attempted a comeback as the candidate of the ruling Concertación coalition for the 2009 presidential election, but was narrowly defeated. His father was Eduardo Frei Montalva, president of Chile from 1964 to 1970.
His presidency was marked by a consolidation of Chile's transition to democracy albeit the indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet in his last year of government heated up national politics. Economically, he oversaw a period of rapid economic growth that was only temporarily stunted by the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
In the 2020s he has taken political positions different from those of the Christian Democratic Party aligning more with the views of centrist and right-wing parties in the constitutional referendums of 2022 and 2023.[1]
النشأة
Frei was born in Santiago to Eduardo Frei Montalva and María Ruiz-Tagle Jiménez. He received all his schooling at the Luis Campino Institute. He then attended the University of Chile, where he graduated as a civil engineer, specializing in hydraulics. After graduation, he followed advanced courses in management in Italy.
Political career
Frei took his first steps in politics while at the university, where he was a student leader. In 1958, he joined the Christian Democrat party, and in 1964 participated actively in his father's successful presidential campaign. Between 1969 and 1988 he concentrated on his profession, as one of the partners of Sigdo Koppers S.A., the largest engineering company in Chile.
In 1988 Frei founded and promoted the Comité Pro Elecciones Libres ("Committee for the promotion of free elections"). In 1989, he was elected Senator for Santiago, obtaining the highest number of votes in the whole country. In the Senate, he presided over the Treasury and Budget Commission and was a member of the Housing Commission.
الرئاسة
In 1992, Frei participated in the presidential primary election of his coalition, defeating Ricardo Lagos, and then went on to win the presidential elections of 1993 by securing 58% of the votes cast.[2]
He took office on 11 March 1994 and was succeeded by Lagos in 2000. Frei's presidency was notable in making improvements in health and education as well as reducing poverty.[3]
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, had particularly good relations with his Argentine counterpart Carlos Menem.[4] During Frei's tenure the Laguna del Desierto territorial dispute with Argentina was solved, albeit the arbitrage favoured the Argentine position.[4]
Following the end of his presidency, Frei assumed, as a former President, a seat as senator-for-life in Congress.
Return to the Congress
Since constitutional reforms in 2005 abolished life senators from 2006, Frei ran for and won an elected Senate seat in the December 2005 parliamentary elections in the electoral district of Valdivia Province and Osorno Province, together with Andrés Allamand. On 11 March 2006, Frei became President of the Senate, like his father, who was also President of the Senate after being President of the Republic.
Frei, whose grandfather Eduardo Frei Schlinz had emigrated to Chile from Switzerland, obtained Swiss citizenship in February 2009.[5][6][7][8][9]
In 2009–2010 elections, Frei ran for the presidency of Chile for a second time, again as the candidate of the centre-left Concertación center-coalition, promising continuity of the popular outgoing President Michelle Bachelet's path.[10] Some of his presidential campaign banners and billboards pictured him, accompanied by Bachelet over his left shoulder. In the first round of the elections, held on 13 December 2009, Frei held 29.60% of the official vote, second to his opponent Sebastián Piñera, who led with 44.05%. Since neither candidate received more than half of the total votes, a runoff election was held on Sunday, 17 January 2010. The first preliminary results announced by the Deputy Interior Ministry at 21:00 GMT on election day gave Piñera 51.87% and Frei holding 48.12%. Frei conceded[11] to Piñera at 21:44 GMT.
In a graceful exit from the campaign, Frei stated,
"The election is over and Chileans have shown civic maturity.... The results clearly show the solidity of our democracy. It has been clean and transparent in line with our tradition. I want to congratulate Pinera, to whom most Chileans have given their trust for the next four years."[12]
Styles, honours and arms
| Presidential styles of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle | |
|---|---|
 | |
| أسلوب الإشارة | His Excellency |
| أسلوب المخاطبة | Your Excellency |
| أسلوب بديل | Mr. President |
National honours
Grand Master (1994–2000) and Collar of the Order of Merit
Grand Master (1994–2000) and Collar of the Order of Bernardo O'Higgins
Foreign honours
پيرو:
Commander of the Order of the Sun (Peru)
إيطاليا:
Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (19 July 1995)
كرواتيا:
Grand Cross of the Grand Order of King Tomislav ("For outstanding achievements in promoting the development of friendship and fruitful cooperation in political, cultural and economic development between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Chile, and in promoting peace, democracy, stability and international cooperation in the world on the basis of the principles of the UN Charter and the provisions of international law." – 8 November 1994)
ماليزيا:
Honorary Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (1995)[13]
پولندا:
Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
إسپانيا:
Knight of the Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, 3 March 1995[14]- Member of the Club de Madrid,[15] an independent non-profit organization created to promote democracy and change in the international community, composed by more than 100 members: former democratic Heads of State and Government from around the world.
أوروگواي
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Arms
As Knight of the Collar of the Order of the Seraphim
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References
- ^ El expresidente Eduardo Frei, a favor de la nueva Constitución de Chile: “No es un voto por la extrema derecha” El País.
- ^ South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2002 (in الإنجليزية). Psychology Press. 2001. ISBN 9781857431216.
- ^ http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/miembro/eduardo_frei_ruiz_tagle Archived 2011-01-17 at the Wayback Machine>
- ^ أ ب "La estrecha relación de Menem con Chile:Sus opositores decían que era "prochileno"". Emol (in Spanish). El Mercurio. February 14, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Swiss citizenship for Chile's Frei criticised". swissinfo. 14 January 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
- ^ "Wird ein Schweizer Präsident von Chile?". Berner Zeitung (in الألمانية). 9 January 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
- ^ "¿Un suizo, el próximo Presidente de Chile?". Swissinfo (in الإسبانية). 12 January 2010. Archived from the original on 27 September 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
- ^ "Schweizer Pass für Eduardo Frei". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in الألمانية). 12 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
- ^ "El candidado chileno Frei tiene desde hace dos meses la nacionalidad suiza" (in الإسبانية). Agence France-Presse. 9 January 2010. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
- ^ "PREVIEW-Chile right seen ousting left in first since Pinochet". Reuters. 2009-12-09.
- ^ Gardner, Simon (2010-01-17). "Chile's Frei concedes defeat to Pinera in vote". Reuters.
- ^ China Daily Billionaire Sebastian Pinera wins Chile presidency
- ^ "Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang, dan Pingat Persekutuan".
- ^ Royal Decree 334/1995. Spanish Official Journal
- ^ Club de Madrid is an independent non-profit organization created to promote “Democracy that Delivers”. It is composed of more than 100 Members, all democratic former presidents and prime ministers from around the world.
- ^ "Resolución N° 709/996". www.impo.com.uy. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
وصلات خارجية
- Senado's Personal profile
- Biography by CIDOB Foundation (in Spanish)
- Genealogical chart of Frei-Montalva Family
| Assembly seats | ||
|---|---|---|
| New constituency | سناتور for East Santiago 1990–1994 |
تبعه María Elena Carrera |
| سبقه Gabriel Valdés |
Senator for the Los Ríos Region 2006–2014 |
تبعه Alfonso de Urresti |
| مناصب حزبية | ||
| سبقه Andrés Zaldívar |
President of the Christian Democratic Party 1991–1993 |
تبعه Gutenberg Martínez |
| سبقه Patricio Aylwin |
Christian Democratic nominee for President of Chile 1993 |
تبعه Ricardo Lagos |
| Concertación nominee for President of Chile 1993 | ||
| سبقه ميشل باتشلت |
Christian Democratic nominee for President of Chile 2009–10 |
تبعه ميشل باتشلت |
| Concertación nominee for President of Chile 2009–10 |
Political alliance dissolved | |
| مناصب سياسية | ||
| سبقه Patricio Aylwin |
رئيس تشيلى 1994–2000 |
تبعه ريكاردو لاگوس |
| سبقه Sergio Romero |
رئيس مجلس شيوخ تشيلى 2006–2008 |
تبعه Adolfo Zaldívar |
- CS1 الألمانية-language sources (de)
- CS1 الإسبانية-language sources (es)
- Short description with empty Wikidata description
- مواليد 24 يونيو
- مواليد 1942
- سنة الميلاد مختلفة في ويكي بيانات
- شهر الميلاد مختلف في ويكي بيانات
- يوم الميلاد مختلف في ويكي بيانات
- Pages with إسپانية IPA
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Living people
- مهندسون تشيليون في القرن العشرين
- Candidates for President of Chile
- Children of presidents of Chile
- Chilean people of Austrian descent
- تشيليون من أصل ألماني
- تشيليون من أصل إسپاني
- تشيليون من أصل سويسري
- Christian Democratic Party (Chile) politicians
- Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
- Frei family
- Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
- Senators for life
- Politicians from Santiago, Chile
- رؤساء تشيلى في القرن العشرين
- Presidents of the Senate of Chile
- Recipients of the Order of the Sun of Peru
- Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
- Recipients of the Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay
- Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
- خريجو جامعة تشيلى
- مهندسون مدنيون تشيليون
- Senators of the XLVIII Legislative Period of the National Congress of Chile
- Senators of the LI Legislative Period of the National Congress of Chile
- Senators of the LII Legislative Period of the National Congress of Chile
- Senators of the LIII Legislative Period of the National Congress of Chile
- Chilean Roman Catholics