جبهة فارابوندو مارتي للتحرير الوطني

Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front

Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional
الاختصار	FMLN
تاريخ التأسيس	10 أكتوبر 1980; 45 years ago
المقر الرئيسي	27 Calle Poniente N. 1316. Colonia Layco, سان سلفادور، السلفادور
عدد الأعضاء	16,000 (2024)
الأيديولوجية	Democratic socialism; Catholic socialism; Liberation theology; Left-wing nationalism; Left-wing populism; Historically:; Marxism–Leninism;
الموقف السياسي	Left-wing to far-left; Historically:; Far-left;
الانتماء الإقليمي	Parliamentary Group of the Left
علم الحزب
الموقع الإلكتروني	fmln.org.sv
	سياسة السلفادور

جبهة فارابوندو مارتي للتحرير الوطني (الإسبانية: Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, FMLN) هي حزب يساري سياسي في السلفادور منذ عام 1992، وكان مكونًا سابقًا من ائتلاف خمس منظمات مسلحة. تشكلت الجبهة كمجموعة مظلة في 10 أكتوبر / تشرين الأول لعام 1980 من منظمات مسلحة يسارية: قوات التحرير الشعبية "فارابوندو مارتي" (FPL) ، الجيش الثوري الشعبي (ERP)، المقاومة الوطنية (RN)، والحزب الشيوعي السلفادوري (PCS) والحزب الثوري للعمال أمريكا الوسطى - السلفادور (PRTC).

عقب اثنتيّ عشر عاماً من الحرب الثورية، وبموجب اتفاقيات السلام التي تمّ التوقيع عليها في العام 1992، قامت جبهة فارابوندو مارتي بتفكيك تركيبتها العسكرية. وبعد الاعتراف بها كحزبٍ سياسيّ، حدّدت لنفسها هدفاً أولياً: هو الانتخابات التشريعية في العام 1994. وفي حين كان الكوادر والمناضلون يفتقرون للوقت (إنّما أيضاً للتجربة والمال) لينتظموا، لوّح اليمين بشعار "نعم للوطن، لا للشيوعية! ستكون السلڤادور مقبرة للحمر". هكذا فاز اليمين المتشدّد "للتحالف الجمهوري الوطني" (Arena)؛ لكن جبهة فارابوندو مارتي أصبحت، بنوّابها الواحد والعشرين، القوّة السياسيّة الثانية في البلد.

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

^ "El FMLN perdió casi 24,400 afiliados en los últimos cinco años – Diario El Salvador". 9 April 2024.
^ Chávez 2015, pp. 1784–1797.
^ Jamal, Manal A. (2019). Promoting Democracy: The Force of Political Settlements in Uncertain Times. New York University Press. pp. 61–63. ISBN 9781479811380.
^ Álvarez 2010, p. 11: "The other main element of the cultural repertoire in which the first guerrilla militants were socialised politically was liberation theology."
^ Martinez, Joanna H. (May 2012). "I Am Prepared for Anything": Christian Martyrdom, Civil Society, and Myths of Modernity in Cold War El Salvador and Poland (Master of Arts in History thesis). Newark, New Jersey: Rutgers University. p. 6. My contention is that the Church's ideology of liberation, whether appriopriated by the Salvadoran FMLN or the Polish Solidarność, did not simply represent the struggle of insurgent societies toward the opposite political poles; in other words, FMLN did not simply fight for communism, nor did Solidarność for capitalism.
^ Crandall 2016, pp. 56–57
^ Paszyn, Danuta (2016). The Soviet Attitude to Political and Social Change in Central America 1979-1990, Case Studies: Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala (PDF) (Master of Philosophy thesis). School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London. p. 160.
^ "Mauricio Funes: His Way". Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
^ Chávez 2015, pp. 1787-1788.
^ Beetham, David; Bracking, Sarah; Kearton, Iain; Vittal, Nalini; Weir, Stuart, eds. (2002). The State of Democracy: Democracy Assessments in Eight Nations Around the World. Kluwer Law International. p. 29. ISBN 90-411-1931-0.
^ West, Jacqueline, ed. (2002) [1985]. South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2002 (10th ed.). Europa Publications. ISBN 1-85743-121-9.
^ O'Grady, Mary Anastasia (19 August 2012). "El Salvador's VP Campaigns for Votes in N.Y." Wall Street Journal. One occurred days after the crisis when El Salvador's far-left Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) political party turned a street rally in San Salvador into a celebration of the carnage.
^ "USAID/El Salvador Operational Plan FY 2006" (PDF). U.S. Agency for International Development. 15 June 2006. p. 4. ISSN 1949-7288. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2006. Although, political polarization has increased between the far left FMLN and the governing ARENA party, President Saca has proven that he can govern effectively.
^ Gans, Duncan (2019). "Midterm Decline in Comparative Perspective". Honors Projects. Bowdoin Digital Commons. 121. Although the competitivity and success for the PDC was a promising sign of democracy, the far left FMLN party refused to run candidates, and likely would have been prohibited anyways.

Cynthia J. Arnson ed., El Salvador's Democratic Transition Ten Years After the Peace Accord (2003).
Yvon Grenier, The Emergence of Insurgency in El Salvador (1999).
Marta Harnecker, Con la mirada en el alto.

وصلات خارجية

(بالإسپانية) Official website
Farabundo Marti Youth (official youth of the FMLN)
Revista Informativa - FMLN Canada
More Information About The National Resistance, RN

قالب:Salvadorian political parties

الكلمات الدالة:

السلڤادور

This article contains content from Wikimedia licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Please comply with the license terms.

[1] "El FMLN perdió casi 24,400 afiliados en los últimos cinco años – Diario El Salvador". 9 April 2024.

[FOOTNOTEChávez20151784–1797-2] Chávez 2015, pp. 1784–1797.

[3] Jamal, Manal A. (2019). Promoting Democracy: The Force of Political Settlements in Uncertain Times. New York University Press. pp. 61–63. ISBN 9781479811380.

[4] Álvarez 2010, p. 11: "The other main element of the cultural repertoire in which the first guerrilla militants were socialised politically was liberation theology."

[Martinez-5] Martinez, Joanna H. (May 2012). "I Am Prepared for Anything": Christian Martyrdom, Civil Society, and Myths of Modernity in Cold War El Salvador and Poland (Master of Arts in History thesis). Newark, New Jersey: Rutgers University. p. 6. My contention is that the Church's ideology of liberation, whether appriopriated by the Salvadoran FMLN or the Polish Solidarność, did not simply represent the struggle of insurgent societies toward the opposite political poles; in other words, FMLN did not simply fight for communism, nor did Solidarność for capitalism.

[catholic_fmln-6] Crandall 2016, pp. 56–57

[7] Paszyn, Danuta (2016). The Soviet Attitude to Political and Social Change in Central America 1979-1990, Case Studies: Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala (PDF) (Master of Philosophy thesis). School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London. p. 160.

[8] "Mauricio Funes: His Way". Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.

[FOOTNOTEChávez20151787-1788-9] Chávez 2015, pp. 1787-1788.

[10] Beetham, David; Bracking, Sarah; Kearton, Iain; Vittal, Nalini; Weir, Stuart, eds. (2002). The State of Democracy: Democracy Assessments in Eight Nations Around the World. Kluwer Law International. p. 29. ISBN 90-411-1931-0.

[11] West, Jacqueline, ed. (2002) [1985]. South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2002 (10th ed.). Europa Publications. ISBN 1-85743-121-9.

[12] O'Grady, Mary Anastasia (19 August 2012). "El Salvador's VP Campaigns for Votes in N.Y." Wall Street Journal. One occurred days after the crisis when El Salvador's far-left Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) political party turned a street rally in San Salvador into a celebration of the carnage.

[13] "USAID/El Salvador Operational Plan FY 2006" (PDF). U.S. Agency for International Development. 15 June 2006. p. 4. ISSN 1949-7288. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2006. Although, political polarization has increased between the far left FMLN and the governing ARENA party, President Saca has proven that he can govern effectively.

[14] Gans, Duncan (2019). "Midterm Decline in Comparative Perspective". Honors Projects. Bowdoin Digital Commons. 121. Although the competitivity and success for the PDC was a promising sign of democracy, the far left FMLN party refused to run candidates, and likely would have been prohibited anyways.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]