فيضانات وسط تكساس، يوليو 2025

(تم التحويل من July 2025 Central Texas floods)

قالب:Infobox weather event/Storm

فيضانات وسط تكساس، يوليو 2025
Flooding of the Guadalupe River near Kerrville, Texas in 2025.jpg
Heavy flooding near Hunt, Texas, on July 4, 2025
CauseHeavy rains due to a mesoscale convective vortex partially fed by the remnants of Tropical Storm Barry
تاريخ الأرصاد الجوية
المدةJuly 4–7, 2025 (3 days)
التبعات الإجمالية
الضحايا120+[1][2]
المفقودون173+[3]
المناطق المتأثرةTexas Hill Country, Central Texas (especially Kerr County), Guadalupe River Watershed

فشل عرض الخاصية P4540: لم يتم العثور على الخاصية P4540.

IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata

From July 4 through July 7, 2025, a destructive and deadly flood took place in the Texas Hill Country, particularly in Kerr County, in the U.S. state of Texas. During the flooding, water levels along the Guadalupe River rose quickly and significantly when 5–11 in (130–280 mm) of rain fell in a short amount of time. As a result, at least 120 fatalities have been confirmed, of which at least 96 are in Kerr County, with more than 173 reported missing. The flooding was caused by a mesoscale convective vortex partially fed by the remnants of Tropical Storm Barry.

Flooding began on the morning of July 4, after significant rainfall accumulated across Central Texas. Six flash flood emergencies, which included the cities of Kerrville and Mason, were issued the same day. The Guadalupe River rose about 26 ft (7.9 m) in 45 minutes.[4] It surged an estimated 29 ft (8.8 m) in the Hunt area, where more than 20 children were declared missing from a summer camp. July 5 saw more flash flood warnings for the Lake Travis area, which is part of the Colorado River watershed. In the span of a few hours, the equivalent to four months worth of rain fell across the Texas Hill Country region, with the highest rain totals being 20.33 in (516 mm). This flood was the deadliest inland flooding event in the United States since the 1976 Big Thompson River flood, surpassing flooding from Hurricane Helene in 2024.[5][6]

After the disaster, several responses and actions took place; Governor Greg Abbott signed a state disaster declaration for several counties in Central Texas. Later, President Trump signed a federal disaster declaration for Kerr County. Over 2,000 volunteers descended into Kerr County to help out with the search and rescue. Several state and volunteer firefighters and search and rescue teams descended along the Guadalupe River, including an international search and rescue team from Mexico. Over 400 people were rescued from the floods; one rescue swimmer saved 165 people. This flood also sparked conspiracy theories about weather manipulation and cloud seeding that were quickly debunked.

Background

Area of "Flash Flood Alley" in Texas; the lighter curved region running from Dallas down through San Antonio

Central Texas, and more specifically the Hill Country region, are known for being prone to major floods. With one of the highest risks for flash flooding in the country, the area is referred to as the flash flood alley, according to the Lower Colorado River Authority.[7] This is caused by a combination of steep hills and arid soil that water tends to run off quickly, funnelling water rapidly into rivers during rainstorms.[8]

The Guadalupe River and surrounding rivers in the region have flooded multiple times in recent decades, often with deadly consequences. This includes flooding in July 1987 that killed 10, flooding in October 1998 that killed 31,[9] flooding in May 2015 on the nearby Blanco River that killed 13, and flooding just 3 weeks earlier in nearby San Antonio that killed 13.[10][11]

Kerr County lacked a flood warning system. In 2016, the then-sheriff of Kerr County advocated for such a system, including sirens.[12] In 2016, a county commissioner noted that Kerr County was "probably the highest risk area in the state for flooding".[13] Discussions about funding and constructing a system continued on and off until at least 2021.[13] The current Kerr County judge, Rob Kelly, said that the lack of a warning system was due to its high cost and claimed that residents were resistant to the idea for that reason.[14][15]

According to CNN, intense rainfall across the United States has greatly intensified in recent years due to global warming, as a warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture.[16] According to Climate Central, San Antonio rainfall intensity has increased by 6% since 1970 while Austin's has risen by 19%, meaning that more rain falls in a given hour than did decades ago.[17]

Meteorological synopsis

انظر أيضاً: Tropical Storm Barry (2025)

Late on July 3, 2025, the remnant mid-level circulation of Atlantic Tropical Storm Barry became embedded within a broader mid-level trough containing tropical east Pacific remnant moisture.[18][19] This system developed into thunderstorms which stalled over Central Texas, causing heavy rains that led to deadly flooding in that region on July 4–7, especially along the Guadalupe River.[20][21] In total, more than 1.8 trillion gallons of rain, four months worth of rain, fell in or around the Texas Hill Country.[22][23]

Preparations and impact

At 1:18 pm CDT on July 3, 2025, the National Weather Service office in San Antonio, Texas, issued a flood watch for Kerr County and other areas that would later be impacted by severe flooding. The watch warned of 1–3 بوصات (25–76 mm) of rain, with isolated areas seeing closer to 5–7 بوصات (130–180 mm). The watch noted that there would be "rounds of scattered to widespread showers and storms with heavy rain rates possible."[24]

"Moderate" risk of excessive rainfall outlined by the Weather Prediction Center at 1430Z on July 4

On July 3 at 6:10 pm CDT, the Weather Prediction Center branch of the National Weather Service issued a Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion citing that "areas of flash flooding will be likely across central TX overnight with very heavy rainfall expected.[25] Hourly rainfall in excess of 2 to 3 inches (51–76 mm) seems reasonable given the environment and localized 6-hr totals over 6 inches (150 mm) will be possible", and detailing that the potential flooding may have "significant impacts".[26] Another discussion issued at 6:27 am on July 4 used stronger wording, warning that "Considerable to catastrophic flash flood impacts can continue to be expected."[27]

Numerous flash flood warnings were issued throughout the event. Several of these warnings contained dire flash flood emergency wording. The first flash flood warning for the event was issued at 11:41 pm CDT on July 3 and was for Bandera County. At 1:14 am CDT on July 4, the first flash flood warning with a "considerable" tags was issued for Bandera and Kerr counties;[25] for Hunt and Ingram in Kerr County, at 4:03 am on July 4, a flash flood emergency was issued urging residents to "SEEK HIGHER GROUND NOW!" and that rainfall rates of 2–4 بوصات (50–100 mm) per hour would continue to impact the area which had already seen 4–10 بوصات (100–250 mm) of rain.[28] By 4:05, the Guadalupe River at Hunt had risen to 21.99 أقدام (6.70 m), rising over عشرة أقدام (3.0 m) in an hour and reaching major flood stage. The river continued to surge, reaching 37.52 أقدام (11.44 m) and still rising at 5:10 am when the gauge at Hunt stopped updating. This level marked the highest ever recorded at Hunt, surpassing flash flooding that occurred in 1987 by almost a foot.[29] Multiple summer camps near Hunt, notably Camp Mystic, experienced catastrophic flooding.[30]

GOES-19 Infrared imagery of the storm system on July 4

Further down the Guadalupe River, a flash flood emergency was issued by the National Weather Service for Kerrville at 5:34 am, again warning of the potential for "catastrophic" flood damage. Between 5:15 and 6:45, the river surged from less than اثنان أقدام (60 cm) to 34.29 أقدام (10.45 m) and major flood stage.[31][32]

Another flash flood emergency was issued for Comfort, where the water level at the Guadalupe River surged from 3.15 أقدام (100 cm) at 8:45 am to 35.26 أقدام (10.75 m) just two hours later at 10:45 as a wall of water surged down the river. The area was placed under a flash flood emergency at 7:24 am, warning that "automated rain gauges indicate a large and deadly flood wave is moving down the Guadalupe River" over an hour before the water level began to surge.[33][34] In total, the National Weather Service issued 22 alerts of escalating severity over the course of July 3 and 4.[35]

On July 7, another "moderate" risk for excessive rainfall was outlined by the Weather Prediction Center;[36] A flash flood watch was issued for much of central Texas at 11:46 pm CDT on July 6, warning of 2-4 inches of rain with some areas possibly seeing as much as 10 inches through 7 pm on July 7.[37]

Effects

Texas floodwaters send trees crashing into river on July 4

In the early morning of July 4, 6.5 بوصات (170 mm) of rain fell in just three hours, resulting in numerous water-related rescues.[38] In Hunt, Texas, where the two branches of the Guadalupe River meet, the river gauge recorded a 22-قدم (6.7 m) rise in 2 hours before failing when it reached 29 أقدام (8.8 m).[39] Downstream in Kerrville, the river surged to 21 أقدام (6.4 m).[40] Further downstream, in Comfort, it surged to 29.86 أقدام (9.10 m).[40] The city of Kerrville issued a disaster declaration on July 4 following the floods.[41] In total, 5–11 بوصات (130–280 mm) of rain fell on some areas that experienced significant flood effects.[42]

Flooding continued into July 5[43] with two more flash flood emergencies being issued for areas around Lake Travis north of Austin.[44][45][46] Later, a third flash flood emergency was issued for central Comal County, noting that "local law enforcement reported flooding of the Guadalupe River".[47] 20.33 بوصات (516 mm) of rain fell northwest of Streeter.[48]

Search and rescue

Footage of a United States Coast Guard rescue mission during July 4

Over 200 people were rescued from the floods over the course of July 4.[49][50] Search-and-rescue operations took place on July 4 and overnight from July 4 to 5, resulting in at least 237 people being rescued from floodwaters,[51] including 167 people rescued via helicopter.[52] US Coast Guard rescue swimmer Scott Ruskan was hailed a hero after Department of Homeland Security officials, including Secretary Kristi Noem, credited him with rescuing 165 people.[53] Telecommunication outages in the area made it hard to contact many people in the region.[54] Texas Game Wardens said on July 8 that more than 440 people had been rescued since July 4, while authorities had searched 26 ميل (42 km) of river.[30] Over 2,000 volunteers helped out in the emergency operations in Kerr County alone.[55]

Several volunteer groups joined into help the search and rescue; multiple firefighters and first responders from Mexico, specifically from Fundación 911 stationed at Acuña, Mexico, volunteered to assist in the operations along the Guadalupe River under the command of the Mountain Home fire department and Texas state fire, the team of 13 brought search and rescue canines from Nuevo León. The team was brought in despite rising tensions along the Mexico–United States border and the Trump administration's crackdown on immigration.[56] On July 7, California Governor Gavin Newsom announced the deployment of skilled Urban Search and Rescue Team members to the Texas floods in close coordination with FEMA, with the teams being experienced in major disaster rescue operations, including Hurricane Katrina and the September 11 attacks.[57] The next day, he announced an additional 18 highly skilled rescue team members to assist in the response.[58]

Twenty-two Arkansas National Guardsmen, including pilots, crew chiefs, and maintenance personnel, were deployed to assist with transportation of search and rescue personnel during the early morning hours of July 8 after receiving a Emergency Management Assistance Compact request in Texas.[59] Colorado Task Force One was activated in response to the Texas floods, the team, consisted with forty-eight members, including four canines, spanning 16 different agencies and five affiliate member agencies. South Metro Fire Rescue sent out ten members, Poudre Fire Authority sent out six members, and Colorado Springs Fire Department send five members.[60] On July 7, Governor of Louisiana, Jeff Landry, sent out fourteen Swift Water Rescue personnel to Texas to assist in the ongoing flood response.[61] On July 9, NASA deployed two aircraft to assist state and local authorities in the recovery operation. The planes are apart of the response from NASA's Disasters Response Coordination System, which is being activated to support emergency responses and working closely with Texas Division of Emergency Management, FEMA, and Save the Children and GiveDirectly.[62]

Officials urged untrained civilians to stay away from active search zones due to safety risks and coordination challenges.[63] They also criticized the influx of sightseers and the use of unauthorized drones for complicating rescue operations.[64][65] During the emergency operations, a private drone was illegally flown into temporarily restricted airspace and crashed into a helicopter, damaging and rendering unusable a critical piece of emergency response equipment and forced the pilot to land.[66]

Casualties

County Deaths[1][2]
Kerr County 96+
Kendall County 8
Travis County 7
Burnet County 5
Williamson County 3
Tom Green County 1
Total 120+

As of July 9, there were 120 people confirmed dead in the floods 60 adults and 36 children in Kerr County.[1][67] At least 96 deaths were confirmed in Kerr County, eight in Kendall County, seven in Travis County, five in Burnet County, three in Williamson County, and one in Tom Green County.[1][2]

Several of the fatalities that occurred in Kerr County were young girls who were staying at Camp Mystic, an all-girls Christian summer camp, located 6 ميل (9.7 km) southwest of Hunt. On July 4, 27 were declared missing from Camp Mystic.[68] The number of girls missing dropped to 10 on July 7 with the same counselor still missing.[69] Camp Mystic director Dick Eastland, who purchased the camp in 1974, was confirmed to be among those dead as well.[70][71] On July 7, CNN reported that 27 campers and counselors had died in floods at Camp Mystic and that ten girls and a counselor were still missing.[72] By July 9, five girls and one counselor remained missing.[2]

As of July 9, at least 173 people were missing across several counties: 161 in Kerr County, 10 in Travis County, 1 in Burnet County, and 1 in Williamson County.[1]

Aftermath

A damaged footbridge following the floods

All Hands and Hearts partnered with Airbnb to support first responders, search and rescue teams, and families who survived the floods, with Airbnb providing emergency temporary housing for first responders, people looking for missing loved ones wanting to stay near search and rescue efforts, and residents with heavily damaged or destroyed homes, working with local nonprofits to identify those in greatest need.[73][74] In response to the floods, the World Central Kitchen Relief team was mobilized in central Texas to support the communities impacted by the floods by providing food and waters to anyone in need, including first responders.[75]

Samaritan's Purse sent a disaster relief unit to central Texas, with the unit equipped with tools and relief supplies from Southwest Ministry Center in Coppell, Texas. Volunteers from the organization were also prepared to assist families in recovery efforts.[76] Texas non-profit Operation Airdrop has mobilized aircraft, crews, and volunteer pilots to deliver emergency supplies to people stranded in hard-to-reach areas.[77] First responders and firefighters from Acuna, Mexico, located across the border from Del Rio, Texas, were deployed by nonprofit Foundation 911 on July 9 to aid in search and rescue efforts in Kerrville, Kerr County.[78][79] T-Mobile donated $500,000 to support relief efforts in Kerr County to the Community Foundation of the Texas Hill Country.[80]

Walmart and their foundation, and Sam's Club partnered up to support communities in South and Central Texas after the floods. These three companies and organization committed up to $500,000 in grants and donations, including up to $250,000 match of customer and member donations through online or in-stores or clubs in Texas. At the Walmart Supercenter in Kerrville, Operation BBQ relief were offering free meals, with Tide's Loads of Hope laundry trucks and showers provided by Matthew 25: Ministries, Procter & Gamble and Walmart will be deployed to the area. Walmart and their charity foundation will also fund local partners like the American Red Cross and The Salvation Army with food, water, and other supplies for the relief efforts.[81]

Analysis

Focus partly fell on the lack of a warning system and the lack of evacuation orders in Kerr County.[82] Kerr County Judge Rob Kelly stated that "no one knew this kind of flood was coming" and noted that the county did not have any warning system in place for major flooding events, due to the costs.[83][84] President Trump claimed that "Nobody expected it, nobody saw it" until it was too late.[85]

Many news sources also pointed to NOAA staffing and budget cuts for negatively impacting the agency's abilities to predict the flood as well as coordinating emergency warnings, although the extent is currently debated.[10][86] The New York Times reported that the National Weather Service office in San Angelo had several vacancies, including the branch's meteorologist-in-charge, and that the San Antonio office did not have a warning coordination meteorologist after the individual previously in that role took an early retirement as part of the Trump administration's efforts to reduce the federal workforce. According to Tom Fahy, the legislative director for the National Weather Service Employees Organization, the vacancy rates at both offices had "roughly doubled" since Trump's inauguration in January. A Commerce Department spokesman rejected the assertion that the response of the NWS had been inadequate.[14] The NWS Union concurred stating that staffing at NWS offices for the weather event was appropriate.[87]

Response

ڤيديو خارجي
"Governor Abbott and Other Officials Hold News Conference on Texas Floods", July 6, 2025, C-SPAN
"Gov. Abbott and Others News Conference on Texas Floods", July 8, 2025, C-SPAN
Scouts from Crew 163 and Troop 102 help unload donated supplies for Red Cross distribution in Boerne, Texas

Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick said that he is working in coordination with the state's emergency response team on the "significant" and "catastrophic" flooding in Kerr County.[88][89] Governor Greg Abbott also signed a state disaster declaration for several counties in Central Texas. The next day, on July 5, Abbott expanded the disaster declaration to additional counties affected by storms.[90] The next day, Abbott announced Trump signed a federal disaster declaration for Kerr County, with other counties planning to be added later.[91] On July 5, Abbott toured the damage from the flooding in Kerrville, with local, state and federal officials including Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem.[92]

Trump commented that the floods were "terrible" and promised federal aid to those affected.[93] In response to Abbott's July 4 disaster declaration and request for federal support, Trump issued a federal disaster declaration on July 6.[94][95][96] States petition the federal government for emergency assistance when "the necessary response to a disaster is beyond the capacity of state and local governments";[97] it is estimated that federal funding already covered approximately 75% of the operations budget for the state of Texas emergency management.[98] As of July 7, the White House was also making plans for Trump to visit Texas, with White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt saying "The White House is currently arranging those travel plans. We hope that it will be later this week, likely on Friday. But of course, we want to do it at the most appropriate time on the ground for state and local officials."[99]

David Richardson, the acting director of FEMA, has not made any public or internal statements regarding the deadly flooding, which FEMA staff say is highly unusual including "he has clearly shown a lack of regard in disaster response, and a lack of care for communities that suffer through these disasters."[100]

Conspiracy theories

Social media users speculated that cloud seeding company Rainmaker Technologies originated the disaster.[101][102] Experts such as Dr. Andrew Dessler, a climate scientist, dismissed the claim explaining that while cloud seeding can slightly increase rainfall in certain conditions, it often has a small impact and certainly cannot trigger major storms or flooding.[103] Rainmaker Technologies' CEO also issued a public statement offering condolences and denying involvement. He confirmed that the company had not conducted any operations in the affected area on July 3 nor 4,[104] affirming the last cloud seeding session occurrence on July 2 in a different region and its stoppage came early due to excessive atmospheric moisture.[105][106]

On July 7, Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene announced that she was planning on introducing legislation to ban weather modification and geoengineering practices. While her announcements made no reference to the floods, many drew the connection sparking criticism for echoing weather manipulation theories caused the floods.[107]

The central Texas Hill Country is naturally subject to flash flooding, largely due to its dry, compacted soil that fails to absorb heavy rainfall effectively. Dr. Ken Leppert, an atmospheric science professor, explained that the floods were not connected to cloud seeding, which instead only enhances existing clouds. He clarified that the storms responsible for the flooding had already developed well before the disaster struck.[108][109] At a July 7 press conference, U.S. Senator Ted Cruz further addressed these rumors stating he was unaware of any evidence supporting such claims, calling the internet a place where "strange" and "crazy theories" often emerge.[110][111]

See also

References

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قالب:2025 floods قالب:Deadliest meteorological events in 2025

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