أورسك Orsk

Coordinates: 51°12′N 58°34′E / 51.200°N 58.567°E / 51.200; 58.567
(تم التحويل من Orsk)
لأماكن أخرى بنفس الاسم، انظر أورسك (توضيح).

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أورسك
Орск
مدينة
View of the city, January 2020
View of the city, January 2020
علم أورسك
Flag
درع أورسك
Coat of arms
Location of أورسك
أورسك is located in Orenburg Oblast
أورسك
أورسك
أورسك is located in روسيا الأوروپية
أورسك
أورسك
الموقع في روسيا
أورسك is located in أوروپا
أورسك
أورسك
الموقع في أوروبا
الإحداثيات: 51°12′N 58°34′E / 51.200°N 58.567°E / 51.200; 58.567
البلدروسيا
الكيان الاتحاديOrenburg Oblast[1]
Founded1735
مدينة status since1865
الحكومة
 • الكياندوما المدينة
 • Mayor (ru)Artyom Vorobyov (ru)[2]
المنسوب
200 m (700 ft)
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[3]
 • الإجمالي239٬800
 • الترتيب80th in 2010
 • Subordinated toمدينة أورسك[1]
 • Capital ofمدينة أورسك[1]
 • Urban okrugOrsk Urban Okrug[4]
 • Capital ofOrsk Urban Okrug[4]
منطقة التوقيتUTC+ ([5])
Postal code(s)[6]
4624xx
Dialing code(s)+7 3537
OKTMO ID53723000001
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.orsk-adm.ru

أورسك (Orsk ؛ روسية: Орск) هي ثاني أكبر مدينة في أبلاست أورن‌بورگ، روسيا، وتقع في السهوب على بعد 100 كم جنوب شرق الطرف الجنوبي لجبال الأورال. نهر أورال يخترق المدينة. التعداد: 239,800 (تعداد 2010);[3] 250,963 (تعداد 2002);[7] 270,711 (تعداد 1989).[8] وتقع أورسك على بعد 3 كيلومتر من حدود روسيا-قزاقستان. وتبعد 150 كم من آق‌طوبه في قزاقستان.

الجغرافيا

تقع المدينة عند نقطة انثناء نهر أورال من الجريان جنوباً إلى الجريان غرباً وحيث نهر أور يرفده من الجنوب الشرقي (ومن هنا تأخذ المدينة اسمها). وقد كانت جزءاً من خط أورن‌بورگ للحصون.

التعداد التاريخي
السنةتعداد±%
189714٬000—    
192614٬000+0.0%
193966٬000+371.4%
1959176٬214+167.0%
1970225٬314+27.9%
1979246٬667+9.5%
1989270٬711+9.7%
2002250٬963−7.3%
2010239٬800−4.4%
2021189٬195−21.1%
المصدر: بيانات التعداد

التاريخ

تأسست أورسك (بإسم أورن‌بورگ) في 1735 in the process of the Russian colonization of Bashkiria and the Southern Ural region.[9] The first settlement was founded by an expedition headed by Ivan Kirilov as a military fortification at the Mount Preobrazhenskaya on the left bank of the Yaik River (presently Ural River). Originally called Orenburg, its name was changed to Orsk in 1739. In 1743, the name of Orenburg was transferred to the town which is now known under this name; it is located 250 كيلومتر (160 mi) west of Orsk. At its foundation it marked a southeastern projection of European Russia toward the steppes of Central Asia. وتضم مركز تحويل عملات ومركز جمارك روسي يتعامل مع التجار من قزاقستان وآسيا.[بحاجة لمصدر]

From 22 June 1847 to 11 May 1848, the fortress of Orsk was home of the exiled Ukrainian poet and painter تراس شڤتشينكو. In 1861, the fortress was decommissioned and became a station of the Orenburg Cossack army. In 1865, Orsk was granted the city status and became the uyezd center in Orenburg Governorate.[بحاجة لمصدر]

The city grew dramatically starting from the 1870s. The population was mainly occupied with trade in cattle and grain, reprocessing of agricultural products, and various arts and crafts. Many women were involved in the business of weaving famous Orenburg shawls. By 1913, the population of Orsk was over 21,000, and by 1917 there were eleven churches and minarets, and sixteen educational facilities of various types and levels. During the Russian Civil War, from 1918 to 1919, Orsk withstood a three-month-long blockade and then four times changed hands between warring sides.[بحاجة لمصدر]

In the 1930s, the construction of large industrial enterprises, which drew their resources from the mineral rich soils of the region, started. One of the most notable stones excavated within the Orsk city line in the Mount Polkovnik is jasper. Orsk jasper is revered for its variety of natural designs and colors. All colors except for blue are represented in this stone.[بحاجة لمصدر]

On 3 October 2025, it was reported that the Orsk oil refinery had been hit by Ukrainian long-range drones during the Russo-Ukrainian war.[10]

الوضع الإداري والبلدي

The Administrative divisions of Orsk (uk) is consisted of 3 districts; Leninsky District (ru), Oktyabrsky District (ru) and Sovietsky District (ru)

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with eight rural localities, incorporated as the City of Orsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] كتقسيم بلدي، أُشهِرت مدينة أورسك أُشهِرت كـ أكروگ أورسك الحضري.[4]

الاقتصاد

منطقة الأورال الاقتصادية

أورسك هي أهم مركز صناعي في أبلاست أورن‌بورگ. الصناعات الرئيسية هي metallurgy, machine building, البتروكيماويات، food and light industries. The most important enterprises are Yuzhuralnikel, Orsknefteorgsintez (the SAFMAR Orsk refinery) and Yuzhuralmashzavod. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, chronic under-investment, sanctions and lack of reforms led to the loss of 50,000 jobs and 30 plants, Forbes.com reported.[بحاجة لمصدر]

النقل

محطة قطارات أورسك

المدينة يخدمها مطار أورسك كما يوجد قاعدة سابقة للقوات الجوية الروسية مسماة على اسم المدينة تقع شمال شرق المدينة.

التعليم والثقافة

A branch of Orenburg State Institute of Management (OSIM) operates in the city. Other than that, there is one major institute in Orsk: Orsk' humanitary-technological institute. There are also a number of different schools and colleges, State Drama Theater, Museum of Local History, Laboratory of Archeological Studies, Children's Art Gallery, Children's Folk Theater "Blue Bird" and a municipal brass band.

Some of the landmarks of industrial Orsk are 40 archeological monuments including ancient settlements, mass and single grave sites. Those that have been excavated became famous in the scientific world. For instance, grave sites in Kumak that date back to the Bronze Age provide convincing evidence to the hypothesis of Eastern European roots of Indo-European peoples.[بحاجة لمصدر]

In the grave sites that date back to the early Iron Age (7th–6th centuries BCE) left by Sarmatian tribes scientists found many ancient items including a clay vessel bearing the name of the Persian ruler Artaxerxes I, the sixth such vessel found in the world.[بحاجة لمصدر]

المراجع

الهامش

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث Law #1370/276-IV-OZ
  2. ^ Official website of the Orsk Electoral Commission. Election results Archived 11 ديسمبر 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in روسية)
  3. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ أ ب ت Law #2367/495-IV-OZ
  5. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
  7. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ^ С.М.Стрельников. Географические названия Оренбургской области. — Изд. 2-е, доп. и испр. — Кувандык, 2002. — 176 с.
  10. ^ "Ukraine Claims Attack on Orsk Oil Refinery Deep Inside Russia". Bloomberg News. 3 October 2025. Retrieved 3 October 2025.

المصادر

  • Законодательное Собрание Оренбургской области. Закон №1370/276-IV-ОЗ от 11 июля 2007 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Оренбургской области», в ред. Закона №1429/412-V-ОЗ от 7 мая 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Оренбургской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Оренбургской области"». (Legislative Assembly of Orenburg Oblast. Law #1370/276-IV-OZ of July 11, 2007 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Orenburg Oblast, as amended by the Law #1429/412-V-OZ of May 7, 2013 On Amending the Law of Orenburg Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Orenburg Oblast").
  • Законодательное Собрание Оренбургской области. Закон №2367/495-IV-ОЗ от 15 сентября 2008 г. «Об утверждении перечня муниципальных образований Оренбургской области и населённых пунктов, входящих в их состав», в ред. Закона №1772/560-V-ОЗ от 30 октября 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Оренбургской области "Об утверждении перечня муниципальных образований Оренбургской области и населённых пунктов, входящих в их состав"». (Legislative Assembly of Orenburg Oblast. Law #2367/495-IV-OZ of September 15, 2008 On Adopting the Registry of the Municipal Formations of Orenburg Oblast and the Inhabited Localities They Comprise, as amended by the Law #1772/560-V-OZ of October 30, 2013 On Amending the Law of Orenburg Oblast "On Adopting the Registry of the Municipal Formations of Orenburg Oblast and the Inhabited Localities They Comprise").

وصلات خارجية

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