أبلاست أوليانوفسك

Ulyanovsk Oblast
Oblast
Ульяновская область
Flag Coat of arms
النشيد: Anthem of Ulyanovsk Oblast
الإحداثيات: 53°57′N 47°55′E
البلد	روسيا
المنطقة الاتحادية	Volga
المنطقة الاقتصادية	Volga
تأسست	January 19, 1943
Administrative center	أوليانوفسك
الحكومة
• الكيان	Legislative Assembly
• Governor	Aleksei Russkikh
المساحة
• Total	37٬181 كم² (14٬356 ميل²)
ترتيب المساحة	62nd
التعداد
• Estimate  (2018)	1٬246٬618
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+4 (ت ع م+04:00 )
ISO 3166 code	RU-ULY
لوحات السيارات	73, 173
OKTMO ID	73000000
اللغات الرسمية	الروسية
الموقع الإلكتروني	https://ulmeria.ru/

أوبلاست أوليانوڤسك (روسية: Ульяновская область، Ul’janovskaja oblast’ ) هي إحدى الكيانات الفدرالية في روسيا. It is located in the Volga Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Ulyanovsk. It has a population of 1,292,799 (2010 Census).

 الجغرافيا

Volga River (Kuybyshev Reservoir) near Ulyanovsk

Ulyanovsk Oblast borders with Chuvashia (N), Tatarstan (NE), Samara Oblast (E), Saratov Oblast (S), Penza Oblast (W), and Mordovia (NW).

It is located on the northern edge of Central Steppes. A quarter of its territory is covered with deciduous forests; the rest is covered with steppes and meadows. The oblast is divided in half by the Volga River. Hilly areas to the west of the Volga are known as Volga Upland (elevations up to 358 m (1,175 ft) ). Eastern part of the oblast is mostly flat. The water table occupies about 6% of territory.

Nature reserve "Privolzhskaya lesostep"

Ulyanovsk Oblast is categorized as a dfb, (warm-summer humid continental), on the köppen classification scale. The mean temperature is 5 °C (41 °F) where the average temperature can range from -13.33 °C (8 °F) to 25.6 °C (78 °F). The hottest month by average is July with an average of 19.5 °C (67 °F) and the coldest month by average is January with an average of -10.6 °C (13 °F). Annual precipitation average is 23.13 inches with the wettest month by average being March with an average of 3.43 inches. The average wind speed is 16 MPH with the windiest month being April with an average of 18 MPH. The average humidity is 71% and the average dew point is 32 °F. The average pressure is 30.03 HG. The average visibility is 17 miles.

 Nature

Sviyaga River

Ulyanovsk Oblast is located in the zones of wooded plain and broad-leaved scaffolding.

Soils are predominantly chernozem.

Forests occupy 1/4 of its territories. In the northwest — large massifs of oak forest with the participation of linden, maple; in the Transvolga region — meadow steppes, separate pine borons.

The area is inhabited by moose, marten, squirrel, hare (white and other) as well as numerous planktonic and marshy- coastal birds. Kuybyshev Reservoir  is home to fish such as bream, pike-perch, carp and others. Ulyanovsk Oblast also has a concentrated wasp population.

These protected areas are found on the territory of the region: the national park Sengiley Mountains, the guarding zone of the state preserved “Volga wooded plain”, the monuments of nature Undory mineral source, relict forests etc.

 التقسيمات الإدارية

المقالة الرئيسية: Administrative divisions of Ulyanovsk Oblast

تحوي المدن والقرى التالية: باريش، ديميتروڤگراد، إنزا، نوڤو أوليانوڤسك، سنگيلي، أوليانوڤسك،

 التاريخ

Regional Museum of History and Arts

The first settlements of Middle Volga people were established in this area of Volga more than 100,000 years ago, according to archaeological science. The presence of human groups in the Ulyanovsk Volga region in the Paleolithic show separate parking and location of stone tools and bones found in the estuary. Cheremshan Tunguz on the peninsula, on the shores of the Volga in the region of Undory resort.

In the 8th and 9th centuries Ulyanovsk Volga region became a part of the early Volga Bulgaria, as a union of nomadic Turkic and sedentary Finno-Ugric tribes.

In the late 14th and early 15th century, the devastating Central Asian ruler Tamerlane made desolation of Volga Ulyanovsk. in the late 1430s the region was made a part of the Kazan Khanate. After the pacification of the territory of the future of his governorship Simbirsk gradually settled by Russians, who mingled with the local Tatars.

In the late 1640s, under the leadership of Bogdan Hitrovo, construction of the Karsunsky-Simbirsk defense line began (1647-1654 biennium).

Twenty-two years after its founding, the city of Simbirsk had to withstand a siege of the Cossacks, led by Ataman Stepan Razin.

In the 18th century in connection with the expansion of the territory of the Russian state, in particular, to the east, and began to develop intensively populated southern regions of the present territory of the Ulyanovsk region. Simbirsk began to lose its status of strategic military importance, but remained the provincial center.

 الثورة الروسية

The Imperial Bridge across the Volga River in Ulyanovsk

The Bolsheviks took power in Simbirsk one and a half month after the October Revolution—December 10, 1917. In 1918, the province was at the heart of the Russian Civil War. In July 1918 Simbirsk was captured by troops of the Komuch army led by White Russian tsarist General Vladimir Kappel. But on September 12 the Bolsheviks recaptured the city, resulting in the restoration of communism. The Red Army victory was led by the "Iron Division". Simbirsk was the headquarters of the Revolutionary Military Council of the eastern front. The ammunition factory in Simbirsk was essential to ensuring the Red Army victory.

In 1924 Simbirsk was renamed Ulyanovsk. On May 14, 1928, the Ulyanovsk Governorate of the RSFSR was abolished. The Province, together with Penza, Samara and Orenburg became part of the newly formed Middle Volga region.

 World War II

Presidential bridge through Volga River in Ulyanovsk

Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in Ulyanovsk, being the rear, the evacuated enterprises, institutions and people from the western regions of the country, from Moscow and Leningrad. January 19, 1943 from several districts of Kuybyshev and Penza Oblasts formed Ulyanovsk Oblast.

 Post-war development

In the 1950 and 1960s, new enterprises were created in the region (factory of heavy and unique machines, mechanical plant, Dimitrovgrad Research Institute of Atomic Reactors, etc.), and infrastructure was built, including aroad bridge over the Volga River and Ulyanovsk Airport. In 1970, the then General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Leonid Brezhnev, inaugurated memorial museum of Lenin. On 30 October 1997, Ulyanovsk, alongside Astrakhan, Kirov, Murmansk, and Yaroslavl signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia, granting it autonomy. The agreement was abolished on 31 December 2001.

 الديمغرافيا

• 

  Tatars

• 

  Chuvash

• 

  Erzya

Population: 1,292,799 (تعداد 2010); 1,382,811 (تعداد 2002); 1,400,806 (تعداد 1989).

55% of residents of Ulyanovsk Oblast live in two cities with population above 25,000—Ulyanovsk and Dimitrovgrad.

The ethnic composition is as follows:

• 73.6% Russian
• 12.2% Tatar
• 7.7% Chuvash
• 3.2% Mordva
• 3.3% others
• 67,890 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.

Mosque in Ulyanovsk

For the first half of 2007, the birth rate was 9.0 per 1000 [1] The area population is reduced and for 20 years since 1991 has decreased on 200 thousand persons.

• Total fertility rate:

2009 - 1.40 | 2010 - 1.41 | 2011 - 1.45 | 2012 - 1.57 | 2013 - 1.61 | 2014 - 1.67 | 2015 - 1.71 | 2016 - 1.71(e)

 الدين

Religion in Ulyanovsk Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)
Russian Orthodoxy			60.6%
Other Orthodox			0.9%
Old Believers			0.7%
Other Christians			1.5%
الإسلام			6.9%
Rodnovery and other native faiths			0.9%
Spiritual but not religious			12.2%
Atheism and irreligion			8.4%
Other and undeclared			7.9%

 الاقتصاد

The headquarters of UAZ, now Sollers JSC Corporation

أوبلاست أوليانوڤسك هو جزء من منطقة الڤولگا الاقتصادية.

 علاقات التوأمة

• Nghệ An Province, Vietnam

 انظر أيضاً

• List of Chairmen of the Ulyanovsk Oblast Duma

 المراجع

 المصادر

• قالب:RussiaBasicLawRef/uly
• Законодательное Собрание Ульяновской области. Закон №197-ЗО от 6 декабря 2006 г. «О гимне Ульяновской области», в ред. Закона №118-ЗО от 29 сентября 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 4 Закона Ульяновской области "О гимне Ульяновской области"». (Legislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast. Law #197-ZO of December 6, 2006 On the Anthem of Ulyanovsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #118-ZO of September 29, 2015 On Amending Article 4 of the Law of Ulyanovsk Oblast "On the Anthem of Ulyanovsk Oblast").

 وصلات خارجية

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Simbirsk (government)" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)