أرليت Arlit

Coordinates: 18°44′N 7°23′E / 18.733°N 7.383°E / 18.733; 7.383
أرليت
Arlit
The open pit Uranium Mine at Arlit
The open pit Uranium Mine at Arlit
أرليت is located in النيجر
أرليت
أرليت
Location in Niger
الإحداثيات: 18°44′N 7°23′E / 18.733°N 7.383°E / 18.733; 7.383
CountryNiger flag 300.png نيجر
RegionAgadez Region
SeatArlit Department
المساحة
 • الإجمالي1٬247 كم² (481 ميل²)
المنسوب
425 m (1٬394 ft)
التعداد
 (2012 census)
 • الإجمالي112٬432
 • الكثافة90/km2 (230/sq mi)

Arlit is an industrial town and capital of the Arlit Department of the Agadez Region of northern-central Niger, built between the Sahara Desert and the eastern edge of the Aïr Mountains. It is 200 kilometers south by road from the border with Algeria. As of 2012, the commune had a total population of 79,725 people.[1]

صناعة اليورانيوم

Map of southern Algeria and surrounding area, Arlit is at the bottom right

Founded in 1969 following the discovery of uranium, it has grown around the mining industry, developed by the French government. Two large uranium mines, at Arlit and nearby Akouta, are exploited by open top strip mining. One open-pit mine was built in 1971 by the National Mining Company of Niger, SOMAIR.[2] The second open-pit mine, as well as a third underground mine, was built by the French Compagnie Minière d'Akouta (or COMINAK).[3] All the ore from both is now processed and transported by a French company Orano Cycle, a holding of the Orano group, itself a state-owned operation of the French Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA). The system of French nuclear power generation, as well as the French nuclear weapons program, is dependent on uranium mined at Arlit.[4] Orano Cycle alone employs 1600 foreign nationals on the site.[5][needs update]

In 2017, 2,116 tonnes of uranium were extracted from the Arlit mines[6] and exported to France via truck to the seaport at Cotonou, Bénin. At its peak in the 1980s, 40% of Niger's uranium production came from Arlit, and uranium represented 90% of Niger's exports (by value). A major modern road, known as the Uranium Highway, has been built to transport uranium south, but it has bypassed many towns along the way (In-Gall for example) and has radically changed Niger's transportation system.

الازدهار والتدهور والتعافي

In the late 1980s, Arlit suffered from a steep decline in world uranium prices, and the number of foreign employees in the town was cut to 700, a drop which has rebounded by the first decade of the 21st century. The value of Niger's uranium "boom" has never recovered its 1980s level, causing dislocation and suffering for the tens of thousands of Nigeriens who flocked to the shanty towns surrounding Arlit.

Anger at the results of uranium bust, along with a belief that the best jobs were going to those from southern Niger, contributed to the Tuareg Rebellion of the 1990s. As late as 2007, Tuareg nationalists have made a fairer division of profits and jobs for local people a primary demand.[7]

On a macroeconomic scale, Arlit can be said to suffer from Dutch disease, or Dutch curse, a phenomenon where over-emphasis on one particular sector (commonly a highly sought after resource such as oil) hinders normal development of other sectors essential to an economy.


في نوفمبر 2025، نُشرت أنباء عن استخدام النيجر طريقاً بديلاً لتصدير الكعكة الصفراء، عبر بوركينا فاسو وتوگو، بدلاً من بنين، وذلك لتفادي الجماعات الإرهابية. وكان ذلك بالاعتماد على تأمين من الفيلق الروسي (المعروف باسم فيلق أفريقيا). على مدى عدة أسابيع، كان المرتزقة الروس من فيلق أفريقيا، بدعم من الحرس الوطني النيجري، يستعدون لمرافقة قافلة مكونة من حوالي أربعين شاحنة تحمل ما يقرب من 1000 طن من "الكعكة الصفراء"، وهو مركز اليورانيوم من مناجم أرليت، التي كانت تديرها في السابق شركة أورانو الفرنسية. انطلقت القافلة من أرليت، شمال النيجر، متجهةً إلى ميناء لومي، جنوب توگو. إلا أنها اضطرت إلى تجنب المسار المعتاد، الذي يُعتبر أكثر أماناً، ويمر عبر بنين، التي لا تزال حدودها مع النيجر مغلقة منذ نهاية يوليو 2023، عقب الانقلاب في نيامي. يمرّ المسار الجديد بالقافلة عبر نيامي، ثم گوتيي وتيرا، قبل أن يتجه نحو دوري في بوركينا فاسو. ثم يتابع الموكب طريقه إلى واگادوگو، عاصمة بوركينا فاسو، ثم كوبيلا، وتنكودوگو، وبيتو، وأخيراً سينكانسي، على الحدود التوگولية، قبل أن يصل إلى ميناء لومي.[8]

لا يؤدي هذا الطريق إلى السفر على الطرق الوعرة فحسب، بل يؤدي قبل كل شيء إلى عبور مناطق تحت تأثير الجماعات الإرهابية التابعة لتنظيم الدولة الإسلامية في الصحراء الكبرى (ISGS) وجماعة نصرة الإسلام والمسلمين. على الرغم من أن "الكعكة الصفراء" تصدر إشعاعات ضعيفة فقط، إلا أن استنشاقها يظل خطيراً، مما يجعل الحماية الصارمة والمستمرة للقافلة أمراً ضرورياً. من الناحية القانونية، لا تزال شحنة اليورانيوم محور نزاع بين شركة أورانو والسلطات النيجيرية، التي يقودها حالياً المجلس الوطني لحماية الوطن (CNSP) والجنرال عبد الرحمن تياني. وقد أصدرت شركة أورانو بياناً بهذا الشأن.


الوقع البيئي

The impact on the local environment of the Arlit mining industry has been criticised by African and European Non-Governmental Organisations, and Areva NC has especially been accused of a disregard for health and environmental conditions around its operations.[9] The French NGO Commission for Independent Research and Information on Radioactivity has described the surface nuclear waste piles near Arlit as a danger to the area's water supply.[10]

جدل "الكعكة الصفراء"

In the build-up to the war in Iraq there was controversy over allegations in 2003 that Saddam Hussein was seeking to purchase uranium from Arlit.[بحاجة لمصدر]

Street scene in Arlit

القاعدة العسكرية

The United States has operated a military base in Arlit since approximately 2015.[11][12][13]

النقل

Arlit is served by Arlit Airport.

في الثقافة الشعبية

In 2005 the Beninese filmmaker, Idrissou Mora-Kpai, produced and directed the film Arlit, deuxième Paris (Arlit, a Second Paris) about the large expatriate community in the town.

In 2007 Andersen Press published The Yellowcake Conspiracy, a novel by British children's author Stephen Davies. The novel is an espionage thriller set in and around the Arlit mine.

الجيولوجيا

More than 25 uranium deposits occur within Mississippian to Cretaceous age sandstones. Key structural features are the Arlit Fault, and intrusions and ring dikes from 480 to 145 Ma in age.[14]

المناخ

Arlit has a hot arid climate (BWh under the Köppen-Geiger system.)

بيانات المناخ لـ أرليت
الشهر ينا فب مار أبر ماي يون يول أغس سبت أكت نوف ديس السنة
متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف) 26.9
(80.4) 		30.1
(86.2) 		34.3
(93.7) 		38.6
(101.5) 		41.2
(106.2) 		41.5
(106.7) 		39.8
(103.6) 		38.6
(101.5) 		39
(102) 		37
(99) 		32.3
(90.1) 		28.4
(83.1) 		35.6
(96.2)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) 18.8
(65.8) 		21.7
(71.1) 		25.9
(78.6) 		30.5
(86.9) 		33.4
(92.1) 		34.2
(93.6) 		32.8
(91.0) 		31.9
(89.4) 		31.8
(89.2) 		29.3
(84.7) 		24.2
(75.6) 		20.5
(68.9) 		27.9
(82.2)
متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف) 10.8
(51.4) 		13.3
(55.9) 		17.5
(63.5) 		22.4
(72.3) 		25.7
(78.3) 		27
(81) 		25.9
(78.6) 		25.3
(77.5) 		24.6
(76.3) 		21.6
(70.9) 		16.1
(61.0) 		12.7
(54.9) 		20.2
(68.5)
متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches) 0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.0) 		1
(0.0) 		5
(0.2) 		11
(0.4) 		18
(0.7) 		5
(0.2) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		41
(1.5)
Source: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 429 متر أو 1،407 أقدام[15]

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ "Arlit (Commune, Niger) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  2. ^ Somair Company Profile.
  3. ^ Georges Capus, Pascal Bourrelier and Moussa Souley (2004). "Uranium Mining in Niger; Status and Perspectives of a Top Five Producing Country". World Nuclear Association- N.B.: The WNA is a nuclear industry funded group.
  4. ^ France and Nuclear Energy Archived 16 أكتوبر 2007 at the Wayback Machine and French Involvement in Niger Archived 4 يوليو 2007 at the Wayback Machine, both from Pederson, Nicholas R. The French Desire for Uranium and its Effects on French Foreign Policy in Africa. Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security: Occasional Papers. PED:1. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2000)
  5. ^ according to Le Canard Enchaîné (3 August 2005)
  6. ^ "World Uranium Mining - World Nuclear Association".
  7. ^ [ l'Humanite, ] June 2007.
  8. ^ . Wamaps news. 2025-11-28 https://x.com/Wamaps_news/status/1994337864822215156?s=20. Retrieved 2025-11-28. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "Depuis plusieurs semaines, les mercenaires russes de l’Africa Corps, épaulés par la Garde nationale du Niger (GNN)" ignored (help)
  9. ^ Le dossier sur la mine d'Arlit de la CRIIRAD
  10. ^ "French nuclear giant to explore potential of uranium deposit in Niger". Africanews. 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  11. ^ Taub, Ben (January 28, 2018). "Ben Taub on Twitter: "Secret military base near Arlit, Niger, revealed as a white dot in a sea of black, because Western soldiers didn't turn off their Fitbits". Twitter via the Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  12. ^ Müller-Jung, Friederike (November 23, 2016). "US drone war expands to Niger". Deutsche Welle. An additional US base in Arlit, about 250 kilometers (155 miles) north of Agadez, has been operating for about a year, but little is known about it, Moore said, except that special forces are presumably stationed there.
  13. ^ Lewis, David; Bavier, Joe. Boulton, Ralph (ed.). "U.S. deaths in Niger highlight Africa military mission creep". Reuters. In missions run out of a base in the northern Niger town of Arlit and others like the one that led to the ambush of U.S. troops, sources say they have helped local troops and intelligence agents make several arrests.
  14. ^ Nash, J. Thomas (2010). Volcanogenic Uranium Deposits: Geology, Geochemical Processes, and Criteria for Resource Management. Reston: USGA. p. 36.
  15. ^ "Climate: Arlit – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 3 October 2013.

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Communes of Niger

18°44′N 7°23′E / 18.733°N 7.383°E / 18.733; 7.383

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