إدموند فريمي Edmond Fremy

إدموند فريمي

إدموند فريمي (Edmond Frémy ؛ الفرنسية: [fremi]؛ 28 فبراير 1814 – 3 فبراير 1894) كان كيميائياً فرنسياً. لعل أكثر ما اشتهر به هو ملح فريمي، العامل المؤكسد القوي الذي اكتشفه في 1845. وملح فريمي هو Fremy's salt is a long-lived جذر حر مُعمِّر والذي يجد استخداماً كمعيار في مطيافية الرنين المغناطيسي الإلكتروني.

 حياته

وُلِد فريمي في ڤرساي، والتحق بمعمل جوزيف لوي گاي-لوساك في 1831، وتظف في إيكول پولي‌تكنيك في 1834 وفي كلية فرنسا في 1837. وظيفته التالية كانت "معيد" في إيكول پولي‌تكنيك، حيث في 1846 عـُيِّن أستاذاً، وفي 1850 خلَفَ گاي-لوساك في كرسي الكيمياء في المتحف الوطني للتاريخ الطبيعي في باريس، الذي أصبح لاحقاً مديراً له (1879–1891) بعد ميشل أوجين شڤرول. وقد توفي في پاريس.

 أعماله

Frémy's work included investigations of osmic acid, the ferrates, stannates, plumbates, and other oxometallates, as well as ozone; attempts to obtain free fluorine by the electrolysis of fused fluorides; and the discovery of anhydrous hydrofluoric acid and a series of acides sulphazotés, the precise nature of which long remained a matter of discussion. He also studied the coloring of leaves and flowers, the composition of bone, cerebral matter, and other animal substances, and the processes of fermentation, in which he was an opponent of Pasteur's views.

Keenly alive to the importance of the technical applications of chemistry, Frémy devoted special attention as a teacher to the training of industrial chemists. In this field he contributed to our knowledge of the manufacture of iron and steel, sulfuric acid, glass, and paper, and in particular worked at the saponification of fats with sulfuric acid and the utilization of palmitic acid for candle-making. In the later years of his life he applied himself to the problem of obtaining alumina in the I crystalline form, and succeeded in making rubies identical with the natural gem not merely in chemical composition but also in physical properties.

 منشورات

In addition to numerous treatises in the Annales de Chimie et de Physique, he published Traité de chimie générale (7 vols., 3rd ed. 1862-65). The Encyclopédie Chimique, a work in 10 volumes, upon which he was engaged for thirteen years, was prepared by him in collaboration with several other scientists, and was completed in 1894.

 المراجع

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Frémy, Edmond" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 11 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 98. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

 للاستزادة

• Morey, J. (1988). "Undergraduate Experiments with a Long-Lived Radical (Fremy's salt): Synthesis of 1,4-Benzoquinones by Degradative Oxidation of p-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohols". Journal of Chemical Education. 65 (7): 627–629. Bibcode:1988JChEd..65..627M. doi:10.1021/ed065p627.

 وصلات خارجية

• Obituary in The New York Times, February 5, 1894.