إيڤان ميتشورين
Ivan Michurin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| وُلِدَ | Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin October 27 [ن.ق. October 15] 1855 |
| توفي | June 7, 1935 (عن عمر 79) |
| القومية | Russian |
| عـُرِف بـ | Natural selection |
| السيرة العلمية | |
| المجالات | Botany |
| الهيئات | VASKhNIL |
Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (روسية: Иван Владимирович Мичурин; October 27 [ن.ق. October 15] 1855 – June 7, 1935) was a Russian practitioner of selection to produce new types of crop plants, Honorable Member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agriculture.
Throughout all his life, Michurin worked to create new sorts of fruit plants. He introduced over 300 new varieties. He was awarded the Order of Lenin and Order of the Red Banner of Labour for his achievements. The town of Michurinsk is named in his honor, as was the Bulgarian town of Tsarevo between 1950 and 1991.
حياته وعمله
In 1875, Michurin leased a strip of land of about 500 square metres not far from Tambov, began collecting plants, and started his research in pomology and selection. In 1899, he acquired a much bigger strip of land of about 130,000 square metres and moved all of his plants there.[بحاجة لمصدر]
In 1920, right after the end of the Russian Civil War, Vladimir Lenin ordered People's Commissar of Agriculture Semyon Sereda to organize an analytic research project on Michurin's works and practical achievements. On September 11, 1922, Mikhail Kalinin visited Michurin at Lenin's personal request. On November 20, 1923, the Council of People's Commissars recognized Michurin's "fruit garden" as an institution of state importance. In 1928, the Soviets established a selectionist genetic station on the basis of Michurin's garden, which would be re-organized into the Michurin Central Genetic Laboratory in 1934.[بحاجة لمصدر]
Michurin made a major contribution in the development of genetics, especially in the field of pomology. In his cytogenetic laboratory, he researched cell structure and experimented with artificial polyploidy. Michurin studied the aspects of heredity in connection with the natural course of ontogenesis and external influence, creating a whole new concept of predominance. He proved that predominance depends on heredity, ontogenesis, and phylogenesis of the initial cell structure and also on individual features of hybrids and conditions of cultivation. In his works, Michurin assumed a possibility of changing genotype under external influence.
Michurin was one of the founding fathers of scientific agricultural selection. He worked on hybridization of plants of similar and different origins, cultivating methods in connection with the natural course of ontogenesis, directing the process of predominance, evaluation and selection of seedlings, and acceleration of the process of selection with the help of physical and chemical factors.
Michurin's method of crossing of geographically distant plants would be widely used by other selectionists. He worked out theoretical basis and some practical means for hybridization of geographically distant plants. Michurin also proposed means for overcoming the genetic barrier of incompatibility during the process of hybridization, such as pollination of the young hybrids during their first florescence,[مطلوب توضيح] preliminary vegetative crossing,[مطلوب توضيح] and use of a “mediator”, pollination with the mix of different kinds of pollen.
The Soviets began to cultivate Michurin's hybrids of apple, pear, cherry, rowan and others. The variety Antonovka is the most famous apple he developed. It is so popular in Russia that it was given the name The People's Apple. It is widely used in Russia and Poland for fresh eating and culinary purposes. In other parts of Europe and North America, it is principally used as a hardy rootstock. Michurin also cultivated hybrids of grape, apricot, sweet cherry and other southern plants in the northern climates.[1]
أنشطة الاختيار
- صفحات من يوميات ميتشورين
Страница с зарисовками плодов из дневника И. В. Мичурина. Относится к периоду 1899-1904 г. г.
Страница из дневника И. В. Мичурина с зарисовками плодов сливы. Относится к 1900-м годам
Рисунки И. В. Мичурина из его дневника
Страница из дневника И. В. Мичурина, 1904 год.
- أنواع من الكرز
Вишня «Краса севера»
Вишня «Надежда Крупская»
Вишня «Плодородная Мичурина»
Вишня «Полжир»
Вишня «Ультраплодная»
Вишня «Ширпотреб чёрная»
- أنواع من التفاح
Яблоня «Антоновка шестисотграммовая»
Яблоня «Бельфлёр-китайка»
Яблоня «Бельфлёр-рекорд», внизу — «Северный бужбон»
Яблоня «Кандиль-китайка», слева — плод «Китайки» (мать)
Яблоня «Китайка золотая ранняя»
Яблоня «Пепин шафранный», внизу - «Ренет краснознамённый»
Яблоня «Шафран-китайка»
Яблоня «Есаул Ермака»
Яблоня «Восковое»
- أنواع من الكمثرى
Груша «Бере зимняя Мичурина», внизу - плод груши дикой уссурийской (мать)
Груша «Суррогат сахара»
Груша «Толстобежка»
- أنواع من البرقوق
Слива «Консервная»
Слива «Ренклод колхозный»
Слива «Ренклод реформа»
Тёрн «Десертный»
- أنواع من المشمش
Абрикос «Лучший мичуринский»
Абрикос «Монгол»
Абрикос «Сацер»
- أنواع من Actinidia
Актинидия «Ананасная Мичурина»
Актинидия «Клара Цеткин»
Рябина «Мичуринская десертная»
Вверху — ежевика «Изобильная», внизу — малина «Техас»
Крыжовник «Мавр чёрный»
الذكرى
صور تماثيل
Памятник Мичурину. Мелитопольская опытная станция садоводства имени М. Ф. Сидоренко
Бюст И. В. Мичурина напротив МГУ
Бюст Мичурина И. В. на вокзале в Мичуринске (2009)
Бюст Мичурина в селе Фёдоровка, Неклиновский район, Ростовская область (2019)
Памятник Ивану Мичурину в селе Константиновка Знаменского района Кировоградской области (2021)
Памятник-бюст в деревне Огородники Лидского района Гродненской области Беларуси
.jpg&filetimestamp=20250518025748&)
طوابع بريدية
,_agricultural_scientist).jpg&filetimestamp=20250518025748&)
,_agricultural_scientist).jpg&filetimestamp=20250518025747&)
المراجع
- ^ Goncharov, N. P. (2016). "Ivan V. Michurin: On the 160th Anniversary of the Birth of the Russian Burbank". Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research. 6 (1): 105–127. doi:10.1134/S2079059716010068. S2CID 10884376.
- "Teaching of I.V. Michurin in Soviet morphology". Arkhiv Anatomii, Gistologii I Émbriologii. 32 (4): 3–5. 1955. PMID 13283872.
- "100th Anniversary of birth of Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin". Mikrobiologiia. 24 (5): 521–4. 1955. PMID 13296881.
- "100th Anniversary of birth of Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin". Biokhimiia. 20 (5): 513–5. 1955. PMID 13283985.
- Malek, I (1950). "Michurinism and microbiology". Cas. Lek. Cesk. 89 (41): 1131–9. PMID 14772876.
- Stoletov, V. N. (1950). "Michurin and present times". Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Biologicheskaya. 3: 3–13. PMID 15428143.
وصلات خارجية
- Selected Works in English, published in 1950.
- Some Problems of Method by I.V. Michurin
- Мичурин И. В. Итоги шестидесятилетних работ. Издание пятое. М.: ОГИЗ СЕЛЬХОЗГИЗ, 1949.
- Newspaper clippings about إيفان ميتشورين in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
| ليسينكيون | |
|---|---|
| منشقون | |
| مفاهيم | |
| سياسات سوڤيتية | |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| Other | |
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Articles containing روسية-language text
- مقالات ذات عبارات بحاجة لمصادر
- جميع الصفحات التي تحتاج تنظيف
- مقالات بالمعرفة تحتاج توضيح from December 2016
- 1855 births
- 1935 deaths
- 19th-century botanists from the Russian Empire
- Soviet botanists
- People from Pronsky District
- People from Pronsky Uyezd
- Academicians of the VASKhNIL
- Honorary members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
- Recipients of the Order of Lenin
- Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
- Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class
- Botanists with author abbreviations
- Pomologists
- Russian scientists