الاحتجاجات التركية 2025

الاحتجاجات التركية 2025
جزء من الاحتجاجات في تركيا
Protests in Turkey, March 22, 2025.png
التاريخ19 مارس 2025 – الحاضر
المكان
تركيا
الشتات التركي
السبب
الأهداف
الطرق
الوضعمستمرة
  • حظر جميع التجمعات العامة والمظاهرات في إسطنبول لأربع أيام، تليها قيود مماثلة في أنقرة وإزمير.
  • إغلاق جميع الطرق والسكك الحديدية في وسط إسطنبول.
  • تقييد منصات التواصل الاجتماعي في جميع أنحاء تركيا، بما في ذلك إكس، يوتيوب، إنستگرام، وتيك توك
  • فرض الغرامات وتقييد البث ضد وسائل الإعلام غير التابعة للحكومة من قبل RTÜK
أطراف الصراع الأهلي
الشخصيات الرئيسية
أوزگور أوزل
أكرم إمام أوغلو (معتقل)
منصور ياڤاش
محرم إنجه
أوميت أوزداغ (محتجز)
مسعود درويش أوغلو		 رجب طيب أردوغان
جودت يلمظ
دولت بهچه‌لي
العدد

أكثر من 1.000.000 شخص مشارك في إسطنبول وحدها (تقديرات in person in Istanbul alone (حزب الشعب الجمهوري)

مئات الآلاف في أنحاء تركيا
الخسائر
المعتقَلون343 (37 لنشرهم منشورات على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي)

في 19 مارس 2025 بدأت سلسلة من المظاهرات الشعبية في تركيا، عقب اعتقال السلطات التركية أكرم إمام أوغلو، عمدة إسطنبول، واحتجازه. مثّلت هذه المظاهرات معارضة شعبية واسعة لما وصفه المشاركون بإجراءات قانونية ذات دوافع سياسية ضد المنافس السياسي الرئيسي للرئيس التركي رجب طيب أردوغان.[9]

خلفية

مقال رئيسي: اعتقال أكرم إمام أوغلو

Ekrem İmamoğlu, a 54-year-old politician from the Republican People's Party (CHP), had served as Mayor of Istanbul since 2019. İmamoğlu had achieved notable electoral victories against Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's allies in both the 2019 and 2024 municipal elections, during which the CHP secured control of most major Turkish cities. These victories were widely interpreted as significant challenges to Erdogan's political dominance.[9]

In the months preceding his detention, İmamoğlu had intensified his criticism of the Erdogan administration, resulting in multiple legal actions against him. On March 19, 2025, Turkish authorities detained İmamoğlu on allegations that included corruption and providing assistance to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), an organization designated as terrorist by Turkey and its Western allies.[9][10] About 100 individuals, including journalists and business figures, were also accused of alleged criminal activities connected to municipal contracts. Charges included leading a criminal organization, accepting bribes, and manipulating tender processes. Istanbul University revoked İmamoğlu's academic degree, which would disqualify him from participating in future presidential elections if upheld.[10][11]

الاحتجاجات

19 مارس

CHP leader Özgür Özel characterized the detention as "a coup attempt against the next President" and urged opposition groups to unify in response.[10] Within hours of the mayor's detention, more than one hundred demonstrators assembled near Istanbul's central police headquarters, where İmamoğlu had been transported following his arrest. Protesters expressed vocal support for the detained mayor while chanting anti-government and anti-Erdoğan slogans. Demonstrators characterized the detention as an attack on Turkish democratic processes and institutions, with some describing it as "a coup against İmamoğlu", emphasizing that İmamoğlu had "beat Erdoğan four times at the ballot box" through legitimate democratic processes. Other protesters expressed their belief that the detention would ultimately strengthen public support for İmamoğlu, with many anticipating the arrest and vowing to continue demonstrations until the decision was reversed. Municipal workers were among those participating in the demonstrations.[9] Tens of thousands of protesters gathered around the municipal offices of Istanbul, with Özel delivering statements to the crowd urging them to continue support for İmamoğlu while referring to him as "future president of Turkey".[12] Dilek İmamoğlu, Ekrem İmamoğlu's wife, urged supporters of the opposition to "raise their voices", stating that: “The day the government decides its opponents is the day democracy dies.”[12][13]

The Istanbul Governor's Office responded by prohibiting all public gatherings throughout the city, deploying security forces to establish barricades around the police facility. Riot police units and water cannon vehicles were positioned to block access roads leading to the headquarters.[9] Despite this, thousands of protesters demonstrated outside of Istanbul city hall, with many shouting slogans such as "Imamoglu, you are not alone!" and "Erdogan, dictator!". Several clashes between police and protesters were recorded by witnesses, including an instance of police using pepper spray on a crowd protesting outside of Istanbul University.[13][14] Riot police barricaded and blocked several roads that led to the Vatan Security Department, where İmamoğlu was detained.[15] Large banners with Ekrem İmamoğlu's pictures and a quote by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: "Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the nation", were unfurled in front of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality building.[16]

Hundreds of protesters in Ankara gathered around the headquarters of the CHP to protest along with CHP lawmakers. Several CHP representatives attempted to impede the legal proceedings in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, before marching out in protest.[17] Middle East Technical University (METU) students marched on campus demanding the resignation of the government. After the march, many of the protesters attempted to move to Kızılay, but were stopped by several barricades and police units placed on Eskişehir Road, who pepper sprayed the students. Mayor of Ankara Mansur Yavaş stated that he would travel to Istanbul to provide support for İmamoğlu and the tens of thousands of protesters present.[16]

Significant demonstrations were reported in Adana, Trabzon, and İzmir.[18]

20 مارس

On 20 March, mass demonstrations broke out in several major Turkish cities. Significant protests were reported in Mamak (Ankara),[19] Ankara,[20] Bolu,[21] Şişli (İstanbul),[22] İzmir,[23] Samsun,[24] Manavgat (Antalya),[25] Ayvalık (Balıkesir),[26] Eskişehir,[27] Mersin,[28] Muğla,[29] Bursa,[30] Didim (Aydın),[31] Adana,[32] Denizli,[33] Trabzon (İmamoğlu's hometown), Antalya, Çorum, Konya, Sakarya, Eskişehir, Amasya, Giresun,[34] Rize (Erdoğan's hometown), Kırıkkale, and Karabük.[35]

Students and faculty from thirteen Turkish universities conducted demonstrations or protest marches, including those of Istanbul University, Istanbul Technical University, Yıldız Technical University, Galatasaray University, Bahçeşehir University, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Dokuz Eylül University, Ege University, Bilkent University, Kocaeli University, Anadolu University, Mersin University, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Izmir Democracy University, and Boğaziçi University. Police intervened against the protests of Mersin University, Galatasaray University, Dokuz Eylül University, Ankara University, and Kocaeli University, with tactics including use of pepper spray, barricades, and physical force. The nose of a female student protester at Kocaeli University was broken after it was kicked by a police officer, while six others were detained.[36][37]

The Tandoğan campus of Ankara University was surrounded with police barricades, with several students being prohibited from entering while the rest required ID access to enter the grounds. Resistance from students inside the campus led to several prohibited students being able to enter the grounds, leading to student protesters marching on campus against the Turkish government. Following the protest march, the students were prohibited from leaving the campus, with attempts to take down the barricades being met with pepper spraying and physical beatings from police.[38]

METU students started a protest march from Dormitory 5, shouting anti-government slogans. Students from Bilkent University and Hacettepe University joined the march by taking down police barricades at the METU A1 Gate. Despite the police using plastic bullets, pepper spray, and tear gas on the students, the protest march continued.[39]

A mass demonstration took place outside the Embassy of Turkey in London, with members of the Workers' Party of Turkey and the Turkish Kurdish Community Solidarity Center unravelling banners protesting the restrictive acts of the Turkish government. A protest march from Trafalgar Square to Parliament Square was planned for 22 March by CHP UK organizers.[40]

In Germany, mass demonstrations conducted by the Turkish diaspora were reported in Berlin and Stuttgart, calling upon European states to enact greater action against the ongoing Turkish government crackdowns.[41]

Interior Minister of Turkey Ali Yerlikaya reported that over 18.6 million social media posts concerning the arrests of opposition figures appeared online by 6:00 a.m. local time on 20 March.[42]

21 مارس

Protests intensified in many cities of Turkey including Istanbul, Izmir and Ankara.[43] Spreading to other cities, like Konya, Niğde, Trabzon, Adana, and so forth.[44][45]

22 مارس

On March 22, 2025, protests continued across Turkey following the arrest of Ekrem İmamoğlu, the Mayor of Istanbul. The continuation of his detention further fueled anti-government mobilizations, which had already been ongoing in major cities, with many viewing it as a politically motivated move by the government. The protests were driven by opposition parties, labor unions, civil rights groups, and ordinary citizens, all expressing their dissatisfaction with what they considered increasingly authoritarian actions by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s government. These protests had been building over the preceding days, but March 22 marked their peak, with demonstrators demanding İmamoğlu’s immediate release and calling for an end to government measures they deemed undemocratic. [46]

In Istanbul, the focal point of the protests, gatherings took place in several districts, including Taksim, Beşiktaş, Kadıköy, and Şişli. The protests were especially intense in Taksim Square, a historic location in the city, where demonstrators carried banners and shouted slogans such as "Susma, sustukça, sıra sana gelecek!" ("Don't stay quiet, the longer you do, it will be your turn!"). Protesters also chanted "Hükümet istifa!" ("Government, resign!") and "Hak, hukuk, adalet!" ("Right, law, justice!"), while others banged pots and pans from their balconies, reviving a form of protest reminiscent of the 2013 Gezi Park protests. As the crowds swelled, riot police, reinforced by armored vehicles and TOMA water cannon trucks, took up defensive positions at key points across the city. [47]

Despite the largely peaceful nature of the protests, tensions quickly escalated when security forces attempted to disperse the crowds, citing concerns over illegal gatherings and public disorder. The police response was swift and forceful, deploying tear gas, rubber bullets, and water cannons against protesters who refused to leave. Violent clashes broke out in Taksim Square, where thousands had gathered in defiance of government warnings. Protesters built makeshift barricades using trash bins, metal fences, and overturned motorcycles to shield themselves from advancing police units. Many responded by throwing plastic bottles, chanting slogans against the government, and waving opposition party flags, particularly those of the Republican People’s Party (CHP). [48]

In Beşiktaş, where İmamoğlu had strong political support, police cracked down on a large sit-in protest near the ferry terminal, detaining dozens of demonstrators, including university students and elderly citizens. Similar scenes unfolded in Kadıköy, a district known for its secular and opposition-leaning population, where thousands attempted to march towards the Söğütlüçeşme Metrobus Station, only to be met with a heavy police blockade. Videos circulating on social media showed officers using batons against protesters, leading to multiple injuries. Eyewitnesses reported that at least ten people suffered head wounds from direct hits by rubber bullets, while medics on the ground struggled to provide aid as tear gas engulfed the area. [49]

Elsewhere in the country, demonstrations took place in the capital Ankara, where crowds gathered in front of the Grand National Assembly to demand justice. Police barricaded major avenues, preventing demonstrators from reaching the parliament building, which had been heavily fortified with additional riot units. In İzmir, Turkey’s third-largest city, thousands flooded Gündoğdu Square, waving Turkish flags and chanting pro-democracy slogans. [50]

As the protests intensified, the Turkish Interior Ministry announced that at least 343 individuals had been detained during the overnight clashes. The ministry claimed that security forces acted in accordance with public order laws, arguing that some demonstrators engaged in “provocative and violent behavior” that warranted police intervention. However, opposition leaders and human rights organizations accused the government of excessive force, noting that many of those arrested were peaceful protesters exercising their constitutional right to free assembly. [51]

ردود الفعل

Despite his detention, İmamoğlu managed to post a social media statement in defiance, stating that he would "not give up" and would "continue standing up against the pressure" as a significant opposition figure against the current Turkish administration.[9]

Some politicians from the Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party (DEM) and Kurdish voters worry that the arrest could stymie the chances of the effort to end the Turkish–Kurdish conflict. DEM deputy leader Ebru Gunay said "What happened in Istanbul showed once again that this country needs a real democracy".[52]

الحكومة التركية

Following Imamoglu's detention and during subsequent protests, the Istanbul governor's office prohibited all public gatherings and demonstrations throughout the city for a four-day period. The office also closed major roads and rail networks located in central Istanbul.[11] Access to various social media platforms including X, YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok was restricted, according to reports from internet monitoring organizations.[10][11]

The Turkish government denied allegations from protesters and opposition parties, maintaining that the judiciary operated independently from political influence. When specifically questioned about claims that the detention was politically motivated, representatives from President Erdogan's office did not provide immediate comments.[10]

Subway lines and bus transportation were shut down in Ankara's Middle East Technical University Station during student protests.[53]

حملة القمع على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي

Interior Minister of Turkey Ali Yerlikaya announced on the morning of 20 March that law enforcement had identified 261 "suspect account managers" who allegedly shared content "inciting the public to hatred and hostility" and "incitement to commit a crime." Authorities detained thirty-seven individuals in connection with these allegations, with efforts continuing to apprehend additional suspects.[42]

دولياً

احتجاجات مناهضة للحكومة التركية في شمال قبرص، 21 مارس 2025.


The detention of İmamoğlu and the ensuing protests attracted international attention, with various governments and human rights organizations expressing concern about democratic backsliding in Turkey.[9] Amnesty International’s Deputy Regional Director for Europe Dinushika Dissanayake described the Turkish government actions as "draconian" and an escalated "crackdown on peaceful dissent" to limit freedom of assembly and speech.[11]

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen "reminded" Turkey that it would need to maintain its democratic values in order to avoid potentially losing its European Union candidate country status, stating that the EU wished to stay closely tied to Turkey.[15] A joint statement released by the European Union's High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas and Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Marta Kos remarked that the European Union held Turkey to a higher standard in implementing democratic values due to its candidate status and Council of Europe membership.[54]

انظر أيضاً


المصادر

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[1]

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