بيتر أوتول

إذا كنت تريد the British biologist، انظر Peter J. O'Toole.
بيتر أوتول
David di Donatello 1970 Loren O'Toole (cropped).jpg
O'Toole in 1970
وُلِدَ
Peter James O'Toole

(1932-08-02)2 أغسطس 1932
Leeds,[أ] West Riding of Yorkshire, England
توفي14 ديسمبر 2013(2013-12-14) (aged 81)
St John's Wood, London, England
الجنسيةUnited Kingdom
Ireland
المدرسة الأمRoyal Academy of Dramatic Art
المهنة
  • Actor
  • author
سنوات النشاط1954–2012
العمل البارز
Full list
الزوج
​
​
(m. 1959; div. 1979)​
الشريكKaren Brown (1982–1988)
الأنجال3, including Kate
الجوائزFull list

پيتر أوتول إنگليزية: Peter O'Toole ممثل ايرلندي من مواليد 2 أغسطس 1932، حاصل على جائزة البافتا 1962 كأفضل ممثل عن دوره في فيلم لورنس العرب، كما حصل على جائزة الإيمي 1999 كأفضل ممثل مساعد في مسلسل قصير عن دوره في جوان القوس، وحصل ايضاً على أربع جوائز غولدن غلوب.

O'Toole started his training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London and began working in the theatre, gaining recognition as a Shakespearean actor at the Bristol Old Vic and with the English Stage Company. In 1959, he made his West End debut in The Long and the Short and the Tall, and played the title role in Hamlet in the National Theatre's first production in 1963. Excelling on stage, O'Toole was known for his "hellraiser" lifestyle off-stage.[2] He received a nomination for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Comedy Performance for his portrayal of Jeffrey Bernard in the play Jeffrey Bernard Is Unwell (1990).

Making his film debut in 1959, O'Toole received his first Academy Award for Best Actor nomination for portraying T. E. Lawrence in the historical epic Lawrence of Arabia (1962). He was further Oscar-nominated for playing King Henry II in both Becket (1964) and The Lion in Winter (1968), a public school teacher in Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969), a paranoid schizophrenic in The Ruling Class (1972), a ruthless film director in The Stunt Man (1980), a film actor in My Favorite Year (1982), and an elderly man in Venus (2006). He holds the record for the most Oscar nominations for acting without a win (tied with Glenn Close). In 2002, he was awarded the Academy Honorary Award for his career achievements.[3]

O'Toole also starred in films such as What's New Pussycat? (1965), How to Steal a Million (1966), Man of La Mancha (1972), Caligula (1979), Zulu Dawn (1979), and Supergirl (1984), with supporting roles in The Last Emperor (1987), Bright Young Things (2003), Troy (2004), Stardust (2007), and Dean Spanley (2008). He voiced Anton Ego, the restaurant critic in Pixar's animated film Ratatouille (2007). On television, he received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie for his portrayal of Bishop Pierre Cauchon in the CBS miniseries Joan of Arc (1999). He was Emmy-nominated for his performances as Lucius Flavius Silva in the ABC miniseries Masada (1981), and Paul von Hindenburg in the miniseries Hitler: The Rise of Evil (2003).


سيرة التمثيل

1954–1961: Early work and rise to prominence

1962–1972: Lawrence of Arabia and stardom

O'Toole as T. E. Lawrence in Lawrence of Arabia (1962)

O'Toole's major break came in November 1960 when he was chosen to play the eponymous hero T. E. Lawrence in Sir David Lean's epic Lawrence of Arabia (1962), after Albert Finney reportedly turned down the part.[4] The role introduced him to a global audience and earned him the first of his eight nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He received the BAFTA Award for Best British Actor. His performance was ranked number one in Premiere magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Performances of All Time.[5] In 2003, Lawrence as portrayed by O'Toole was selected as the tenth-greatest hero in cinema history by the American Film Institute.[6] Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote in 1989 "The then unknown Peter O'Toole, with his charmingly diffident manner and his hair and eyes looking unnaturally gold and blue, accounted for no small part of this film's appeal to impressionable young fans".[7]

O'Toole played Hamlet under Laurence Olivier's direction in the premiere production of the Royal National Theatre in 1963.[8] The casting of O'Toole as the Dane was met with some controversy with Michael Gambon describing him as a "god with bright blonde hair". On playing the role O'Toole stated he was "sick with nerves", adding "If you want to know what it's like to be lonely, really lonely, try playing Hamlet." The Times wrote, "Mr O'Toole, like Olivier, is an electrifyingly outgoing actor, and it is a surprise to see him make his first appearance...with his features twisted into melancholy"[9] He performed in Baal (1963) at the Phoenix Theatre.[10]

O'Toole in the TV film Present Laughter (1968)

Even prior to the making of Lawrence of Arabia, O'Toole announced he wanted to form a production company with Jules Buck. In November 1961 they said their company, known as Keep Films (also known as Tricolor Productions) would make a film starring Terry-Thomas, Operation Snatch.[11] In 1962 O'Toole and Buck announced they wanted to make a version of Waiting for Godot for £80,000.[12] The film was never made. Instead their first production was Becket (1964), where O'Toole played King Henry II opposite Richard Burton. The film, done in association with Hal Wallis, was a financial success.[13][14]

O'Toole turned down the lead role in The Cardinal (1963).[15] Instead he and Buck made another epic, Lord Jim (1965), based on the novel by Joseph Conrad directed by Richard Brooks.[13][10] He and Buck intended to follow this with a biopic of Will Adams[16] and a film about the Charge of the Light Brigade, but neither project happened.[17] Instead O'Toole went into What's New Pussycat? (1965), a comedy based on a script by Woody Allen, taking over a role originally meant for Warren Beatty and starring alongside Peter Sellers. It was a huge success.[18] He and Buck helped produce The Party's Over (1965). O'Toole returned to the stage with Ride a Cock Horse at the Piccadilly Theatre in 1965, which was harshly reviewed.[19] He made a heist film with Audrey Hepburn, How to Steal a Million (1966), directed by William Wyler. He played the Three Angels in the all-star The Bible: In the Beginning... (1966), directed by John Huston. In 1966 at the Gaiety Theatre in Dublin he appeared in productions of Juno and the Paycock and Man and Superman.[19]

As King Henry II in The Lion in Winter (1968)

Sam Spiegel, producer of Lawrence of Arabia, reunited O'Toole with Omar Sharif in The Night of the Generals (1967), which was a box office disappointment. O'Toole played in an adaptation of Noël Coward's Present Laughter for TV in 1968, and had a cameo in Casino Royale (1967). He played Henry II again in The Lion in Winter (1968) alongside Katharine Hepburn, and was nominated for an Oscar again – one of the few times an actor had been nominated playing the same character in different films. The film was also successful at the box office.[20] Less popular was Great Catherine (1968) with Jeanne Moreau, an adaptation of the play by George Bernard Shaw which Buck and O'Toole co-produced.[13][21] In 1969, he played the title role in the film Goodbye, Mr. Chips, a musical adaptation of James Hilton's novella, starring opposite Petula Clark. He was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Actor and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. O'Toole fulfilled a lifetime ambition in 1970 when he performed on stage in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot, alongside Donal McCann, at Dublin's Abbey Theatre.

In other films, he played a man in love with his sister (played by Susannah York) in Country Dance (1970). O'Toole starred in a war film for director Peter Yates, Murphy's War (1971), appearing alongside Sian Phillips. He was reunited with Richard Burton in a film version of Under Milk Wood (1972) by Dylan Thomas, produced by himself and Buck; Elizabeth Taylor co-starred. The film was not a popular success.[19] He received another Academy Award for Best Actor nomination for his performance in The Ruling Class (1972), done for his own company.[13][19] In 1972, he played both Miguel de Cervantes and his fictional creation Don Quixote in Man of La Mancha, the motion picture adaptation of the 1965 hit Broadway musical, opposite Sophia Loren. The film was a critical and commercial failure, criticised for using mostly non-singing actors. His singing was dubbed by tenor Simon Gilbert,[22] but the other actors did their own singing. O'Toole and co-star James Coco, who played both Cervantes's manservant and Sancho Panza, both received Golden Globe nominations for their performances.

1973–1999: Established actor

الحياة الشخصية

ملف:Becket 1964 still 2.jpg
O'Toole (left) with Richard Burton in Becket (1964). The two actors along with Richard Harris and Oliver Reed were among a close group of friends who excelled on both stage and screen, and were known as "hellraisers" in their personal lives.[2]

آراء شخصية

While studying at RADA in the early 1950s, O'Toole opposed the Korean War, and later became a supporter of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. During the 1960s, he was involved in the opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War. He played a role in the creation of the current form of the well-known Irish folk song "Carrickfergus" which he related to Dominic Behan, who put it in print and made a recording in the mid-1960s.[23]

Although he lost faith in organised religion as a teenager, O'Toole expressed positive sentiments regarding the life of Jesus Christ. In an interview for The New York Times, he said "No one can take Jesus away from me... there's no doubt there was a historical figure of tremendous importance, with enormous notions. Such as peace." He called himself "a retired Christian" who prefers "an education and reading and facts" to faith.[24]

British Pakistani playwright Hanif Kureishi states in his memoir that O'Toole told him "The only Paki I ever liked was Omar Sharif."[25]

أيرلندا

الوفاة والذكرى

O'Toole's memorial plaque in St Paul's Church in Covent Garden, London

O'Toole retired from acting in July 2012 owing to a recurrence of stomach cancer.[26] He died on 14 December 2013 at the Wellington Hospital in St John's Wood, London, at the age of 81.[27] His funeral was held at Golders Green Crematorium in London on 21 December 2013, where his body was cremated in a wicker coffin.[28] His family stated their intention to fulfil his wishes and take his ashes to the west of Ireland.[29]

On 18 May 2014, a new prize was launched in memory of O'Toole at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School; this includes an annual award given to two young actors from the school, and a professional contract.[30] He has a memorial plaque in St Paul's, the Actors' Church in Covent Garden, London.[31]

On 21 April 2017, the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin announced that Kate O'Toole had placed her father's archive at the Humanities Research Centre.[32] The collection includes O'Toole's scripts, extensive published and unpublished writings, props, photographs, letters, medical records, and more. It joins the archives of several of O'Toole's collaborators and friends, including Donald Wolfit, Eli Wallach, Peter Glenville, Sir Tom Stoppard, and Dame Edith Evans.[33][34]

Acting credits and accolades

المقالة الرئيسية: Peter O'Toole on screen and stage and List of awards and nominations received by Peter O'Toole

O'Toole was the recipient of numerous nominations and awards. He was offered a knighthood but rejected it in objection to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's policies.[35] He received four Golden Globe Awards, one BAFTA Award for Best British Actor (for Lawrence of Arabia) and one Primetime Emmy Award.

Academy Award nominations

O'Toole was nominated eight times for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role but was never able to win a competitive Oscar. In 2002,[3] the Academy honoured him with an Academy Honorary Award for his entire body of work and his lifelong contribution to film. O'Toole initially balked about accepting and wrote the Academy a letter saying that he was "still in the game" and would like more time to "win the lovely bugger outright". The Academy informed him that they would bestow the award whether he wanted it or not. He told Charlie Rose in January 2007 that his children admonished him, saying that it was the highest honour one could receive in the filmmaking industry. O'Toole agreed to appear at the ceremony and receive his Honorary Oscar. It was presented to him by Meryl Streep. He joked with Robert Osborne during an interview at Turner Classic Movies' film festival that he was the "Biggest Loser of All Time" due to failure to win an Academy Award after multiple nominations.[36]

Year Film Winner Also Nominated
1962 Lawrence of Arabia Gregory Peck – To Kill a Mockingbird Burt Lancaster – Birdman of Alcatraz
Jack Lemmon – Days of Wine and Roses
Marcello Mastroianni – Divorce Italian Style
1964 Becket Rex Harrison – My Fair Lady Richard Burton – Becket
Anthony Quinn – Zorba the Greek
Peter Sellers – Dr. Strangelove
1968 The Lion in Winter Cliff Robertson – Charly Alan Arkin – The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter
Alan Bates – The Fixer
Ron Moody – Oliver!
1969 Goodbye, Mr. Chips John Wayne – True Grit Richard Burton – Anne of the Thousand Days
Dustin Hoffman – Midnight Cowboy
Jon Voight – Midnight Cowboy
1972 The Ruling Class Marlon Brando – The Godfather (declined) Michael Caine – Sleuth
Laurence Olivier – Sleuth
Paul Winfield – Sounder
1980 The Stunt Man Robert De Niro – Raging Bull Robert Duvall – The Great Santini
John Hurt – The Elephant Man
Jack Lemmon – Tribute
1982 My Favorite Year Ben Kingsley – Gandhi Dustin Hoffman – Tootsie
Jack Lemmon – Missing
Paul Newman – The Verdict
2006 Venus Forest Whitaker – The Last King of Scotland Leonardo DiCaprio – Blood Diamond
Ryan Gosling – Half Nelson
Will Smith – The Pursuit of Happyness

Bibliography

  • Loitering with Intent: The Child (1992)
  • Loitering with Intent: The Apprentice (1997)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Records from the Leeds General Register Office confirm he was born at St James's University Hospital on 2 August 1932.[1]

References

  1. ^ "O'Toole's claims of Irish roots are blarney". Irish Independent. 28 January 2007.
  2. ^ أ ب "Four 'Hellraisers,' Living It Up In The Public Eye". NPR. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  3. ^ أ ب "To Peter O'Toole, whose remarkable talents have provided cinema history with some of its most memorable characters". 75th Academy Awards. Kodak Theatre: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 23 March 2003 [2002]. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  4. ^ "Albert Finney death: The actor was David Lean's first choice for Lawrence of Arabia'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  5. ^ "The 100 Greatest Movie Performances of All Time". Première. April 2006.
  6. ^ "Good and Evil Rival for Top Spots in AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains". American Film Institute. 4 June 2003. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
  7. ^ Maslin, BY Janet (29 January 1989). "'Lawrence' Seen Whole". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  8. ^ "Monitor – Prince of Denmark". BBC. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  9. ^ Ellis, Samantha (12 March 2003). "Hamlet, National Theatre, October 1963". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  10. ^ أ ب "Dressing-room talk with a wild man of destiny— PETER O'TOOLE". The Australian Women's Weekly. Vol. 32, no. 49. 5 May 1965. p. 36. Retrieved 25 November 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ Watts, Stephen (5 November 1961). "BRITAIN'S SCREEN SCENE". The New York Times. p. X7.
  12. ^ Weiler, A. H. (9 September 1962). "PASSING PICTURE SCENE: Film Version of 'Waiting for Godot' Planned--'Gunfighter'--Busy Lass". New York Times. p. 137.
  13. ^ أ ب ت ث خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة news.independent.co.uk
  14. ^ Bergan, Ronald (24 July 2001). "Obituary: Jules Buck: Film producer behind Peter O'Toole's rise to screen stardom". The Guardian. p. 20.
  15. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة oh
  16. ^ "O'Toole's New Role to Be 'Will Adams'". Los Angeles Times. 19 August 1964. p. D13.
  17. ^ Scheuer, Philip K. (3 March 1965). "O'Toole and Harvey in Levine Brigade: Wolper on Remagen Bridge; Wise's Music Really Sounds". Los Angeles Times. p. D9.
  18. ^ Biskind, Peter (13 December 2011). Easy Riders Raging Bulls: How the Sex-Drugs-And Rock 'N Roll Generation Save. New York City: Simon and Schuster. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-1-4391-2661-5.
  19. ^ أ ب ت ث خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة holiday
  20. ^ "The World's Top Twenty Films", Sunday Times, [London, England], 27 September 1970: 27. The Sunday Times Digital Archive. accessed 5 April 2014
  21. ^ Marks, Sally K. (30 April 1967). "'Catherine' Plush Saga of Czarist Era". Los Angeles Times. p. c11.
  22. ^ "Man of La Mancha (1972) – Soundtracks". IMDb. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  23. ^ "Harris & O'Toole – Carrickfergus video". NME. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  24. ^ Gates, Anita (26 July 2007). "Papal Robes, and Deference, Fit O'Toole Snugly". The New York Times.
  25. ^ Kureishi, Hanif (19 November 2024). Shattered. Penguin. ISBN 9780241667958. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  26. ^ "President leads tributes to Peter O'Toole, a legend fiercely proud of his Irish heritage". Irish Independent. 16 December 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  27. ^ Booth, Robert (15 December 2013). "Peter O'Toole, star of Lawrence of Arabia, dies aged 81". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  28. ^ "Peter O'Toole's ex-wife makes an appearance at his funeral". Express.co.uk. 22 December 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  29. ^ "O'Toole's ashes heading home to Ireland". Ulster Television. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  30. ^ "The Peter O'Toole Prize". bristololdvic.org.uk. Archived from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  31. ^ "Memorial plaques list". Actorschurch.org. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
  32. ^ "Archive Acquired of Theatre and Film Actor Peter O'Toole". utexas.edu. Archived from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  33. ^ Brown, Mark (21 April 2017). "Peter O'Toole personal archive heads to University of Texas". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  34. ^ Nyren, Erin. "Peter O'Toole Archive Acquired by University of Texas". Variety. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  35. ^ Corliss, Richard (16 December 2013). "Peter O'Toole: Lawrence of Always". Time. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  36. ^ "Interview de Peter O'Toole". 16 December 2013. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2016 – via YouTube.

Further reading

  • Porter, Darwin; Prince, Danforth (2015). Peter O'Toole: Hellraiser, Sexual Outlaw, Irish Rebel. Staten Island, New York: Blood Moon Productions. ISBN 978-1936003457.

External links

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