تحالف نهر الكونغو

Congo River Alliance
فرنسية: Alliance Fleuve Congo
الاختصارAFC
مسماة على اسمCongo River
التشكل15 ديسمبر 2023; منذ 21 شهرًا (2023-12-15
اندماج17 political parties, two political groupings, and several armed groups
القائدCorneille Nangaa
الموقع الإلكترونيhttps://alliancefleuvecongo.org/

تحالف نهر الكونغو (فرنسية: Alliance Fleuve Congo; AFC) تحالف نهر الكونغو (فرنسية: Alliance Fleuve Congo، إنگليزية: Congo River Alliance)، بقيادة رئيس اللجنة الانتخابية السابق في جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية نانگا يوبيلو كورنيل، هو تحالف من الجماعات المتمردة التي تسعى إلى الإطاحة بحكومة جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية. العضو الرئيسي في تحالف نهر الكونغو هي حركة 23 مارس، وهي جماعة متمردة مدعومة من رواندا المفروض عليها عقوبات من قبل الأمم المتحدة والولايات المتحدة.[3]


On July 25, 2024, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) imposed sanctions on the Congo River Alliance.[3]

On August 6, 2024, President Félix Tshisekedi accused former President Joseph Kabila of backing the Congo River Alliance.[4]

Background

Nangaa in February 2023

Corneille Nangaa, the future leader of the group, previously served as the director of the DRC's Independent National Electoral Commission from 2015 to 2021. In that role, he oversaw elections in the country and certified Félix Tshisekedi as the winner of the disputed 2018 presidential election, despite numerous reports that Tshisekedi's main rival, Martin Fayulu, had won.[2]

In February 2023, he announced the formation of a new political party, the Action for the Dignity of Congo and its People (ADCP), with a platform focused on transforming the DRC into a "business land." He planned to run candidates at all levels for the upcoming 2023 general election,[5] including running for the presidency himself. He later engaged in a public dispute with Tshisekedi over the alleged backroom deals linked to the 2018 vote, and in August 2023, exiled himself from the country, believing his security was no longer guaranteed there.[2][6]

History

انظر أيضاً: M23 campaign (2022–present)
Territory held by the Congo River Alliance shown in pink

On 15 December 2023, a few days before the 2023 elections, Nangaa signed an agreement in Nairobi, Kenya with M23 and nine other armed groups, forming a new political-military alliance at achieving "national unity and stability" in the DRC. Nangaa criticized the inability of the government to maintain authority, promising to restore stability and create a more suitable economic environment. Nangaa also denounced the "plundering of public property" and "misappropriation of funds".[7][8]

M23 called the new alliance a platform for peace, while the ruling party called it a "kind of a rebellion". The Kenyan government distanced itself from Nangaa's actions but rejected the DRC's request to arrest the opposition figures on the basis of freedom of speech. Nangaa later announced that his platform comprised 17 political parties, two political groupings, and several armed groups.[7][8]

On 25 July 2024, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) imposed sanctions on the Congo River Alliance.[3]

On 6 August 2024, President Félix Tshisekedi accused former President Joseph Kabila of backing the Congo River Alliance.[9]

On 8 August 2024, a DRC military court tried and sentenced Nangaa in absentia to the death penalty for war crimes, participation in an insurrection, and treason.[10]

On 30 November 2024, the group rejected a ceasefire that was mediated by Angola under the African Union's mandate, accusing the Kinshasa government of violating the truce.[11]

On 25 January 2025, the group called on "all members of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (FARDC) present in Goma and its surroundings to lay down their weapons within 48 hours". One of its members, M23, recently captured Sake, a strategic town 27 kilometres from Goma, suggesting that the group might move imminently to capture the city.[12]

After two days of fighting, on 27 January 2025, M23 claimed to have captured Goma, the capital of North Kivu. In an interview before the offensive on the city, Nangaa said, "Our objective is neither Goma nor Bukavu but Kinshasa, the source of all the problems."[13]

The group took control of Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu, on 16 February 2025.[14][15]

On 9 March 2025 the Front Commun de la Résistance (FCR)—a coalition of the FPP-AP and Mapenzi's Nduma Défense du Congo-Rénové (NDC-R) formally aligned with M23, AFC units, and joined the Congo River Alliance.[16]

الأعضاء

Members of the Congo River Alliance include:

Parallel administration

The Congo River Alliance has appointed the following as "governors" for areas they control:

References

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص "RDC: Corneille Nangaa se radicalise davantage et noue une alliance avec le M23". Actualite.cd (in الفرنسية). 15 ديسمبر 2023. Retrieved 28 يناير 2025.
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث Rolley, Sonia; Lewis, David (27 يناير 2025). "Congo's ex-election chief turned rebel boss builds insurgency". Reuters.
  3. ^ أ ب ت هذه المقالة تتضمن نصاً من منشور يخضع حالياً للملكية العامة: "Treasury Sanctions Rebel Alliance Driving Instability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo". United States Department of the Treasury. Washington. 25 يوليو 2024. Archived from the original on 28 يوليو 2024. Retrieved 7 أغسطس 2024.
  4. ^ Banchereau, Mark (7 أغسطس 2024). "Congo's president accuses former leader of backing a US-sanctioned rebel coalition". Associated Press. Dakar, Senegal. Archived from the original on 7 أغسطس 2024. Retrieved 7 أغسطس 2024.
  5. ^ "RDC : Corneille Nangaa présente son parti politique « Action pour la Dignité du Congo et de son Peuple »". Radio Okapi (in الفرنسية). 26 فبراير 2023. Retrieved 28 يناير 2025.
  6. ^ "Corneille Nangaa en exil : « Ma sécurité n'était plus garantie au pays »". Radio Okapi (in الفرنسية). 29 أغسطس 2023. Retrieved 28 يناير 2025.
  7. ^ أ ب "DRC: Corneille Nangaa joins forces with M23 to create political platform". Africanews (in الإنجليزية). 15 ديسمبر 2023. Retrieved 26 يناير 2025.
  8. ^ أ ب "Kenya Distances Itself from Controversial DRC Opposition Figure". Voice of America (in الإنجليزية). 18 ديسمبر 2023. Retrieved 26 يناير 2025.
  9. ^ Banchereau, Mark (7 أغسطس 2024). "Congo's president accuses former leader of backing a US-sanctioned rebel coalition". Associated Press. Dakar, Senegal. Archived from the original on 7 أغسطس 2024. Retrieved 7 أغسطس 2024.
  10. ^ "Congolese military court hands down death sentence to leader of rebel coalition and 25 others". AP News (in الإنجليزية). 8 أغسطس 2024. Retrieved 26 يناير 2025.
  11. ^ Nakato, Catherine (1 ديسمبر 2024). "M23 rebels reject Angola-mediated ceasefire". Nilepost News (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 26 يناير 2025.
  12. ^ "Democratic Republic of the Congo: Briefing". Security Council Report (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 26 يناير 2025.
  13. ^ "Rwandan-backed rebels enter Congo's Goma in major escalation". Reuters. 27 يناير 2025.
  14. ^ url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgmj00zjrpo
  15. ^ "Bukavu in DR Congo falls to Rwandan-backed M23 rebels". 16 فبراير 2025.
  16. ^ Sengenya, Claude (10 مارس 2025). "RDC: le chef milicien Kabido du FPP-AP fait allégeance au M23, des analystes pas surpris" [DRC: FPP-AP militia leader Kabido pledges allegiance to M23, analysts not surprised]. Actualite.cd (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 10 مارس 2025.
  17. ^ "AFC/M23 appoints new governor for North Kivu". 5 فبراير 2025.
  18. ^ "M23 appoint Emmanuel Birato Governor of South Kivu".

External links

قالب:DRCongo-stub

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