جورج إنيسكو

إذا كنت تريد the commune, named for the composer، انظر George Enescu, Botoșani.

جورج إنسكو
George Enescu
Enescu in 1930
وُلِدَ	(1881-08-19)19 أغسطس 1881 Liveni-Vârnav, Kingdom of Romania
توفي	4 مايو 1955(1955-05-04) (aged 73) Paris, France
Burial place	Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris, France
القومية	Romanian
أسماء أخرى	Jurjac, Georges Enesco
الجنسية	Romania France
المهنة	musician, composer
العمل البارز	Romanian Rhapsodies
الزوج	Maria Tescanu Rosetti ​ ​ (m. 1939; div. 1955)​
الأنجال	1
الوالدان	Costache Enescu (الأب) Maria Enescu (الأم)

جورج إنيسكو

جورج إنيسكو ( George Enescu ؛ النطق بالرومانية: [ˈd͡ʒe̯ord͡ʒe eˈnesku]؛ معروف بالفرنسية باسم Georges Enesco؛ ولد في 19 أغسطس 1881 في ليڤني وتوفي في 4 مايو 1955 في باريس) مؤلف موسيقي روماني وعازف كمان وعازف بيانو ومايسترو ومدرس روماني. ويُعتبر أحد أعظم الموسيقيين في تاريخ رومانيا.

 حياته

رغم ذاكرته المذهلة للموسيقى كان يحفظ كل نغمة من عمل فاجنر خاتم النيبلونج –وموهبته الفطرية كعازف كمان كان اعظم مؤلف موسيقي في رومانيا متواضعا. ربما كان متواضعا اكثر من اللازم وكتب بغزارة لكن لم ينشر سوى 33 عملا مع ارقام التصنيف. حين قاد عمله المستلهم من الاغاني الشعبية Poème roumain في بواخرست في سن 17 صار في الحال شخصية ذات اهمية قومية. انيسكو قضى مشوار طويل ينتقل بين فرنسا ورومانيا يعزف دوليا ويؤلف الموسيقى حيث كان التاليف شغفه الرئيسي وطور الحياة الموسيقية الرومانية. موسيقاه تعكس عدة تغييرات متنوعة في الاسلوب شهدها في حياته واعماله لموسيقى الحجرة رائعة بشكل خاص. كان يحب اجادة عمله فقضى عشر سنوات يكتب اوبراه Oedipe.

 Reception

A violin owned by George Enescu in a museum in Bucharest, Romania

Pablo Casals described Enescu as "the greatest musical phenomenon since Mozart" and "one of the greatest geniuses of modern music". Queen Marie of Romania wrote in her memoirs that "in George Enescu was real gold". Yehudi Menuhin, Enescu's most famous pupil, once said about his teacher: "He will remain for me the absoluteness through which I judge others", and "Enescu gave me the light that has guided my entire existence." He also considered Enescu "the most extraordinary human being, the greatest musician and the most formative influence" he had ever experienced. Vincent d'Indy claimed that if Beethoven's works were destroyed, they could be all reconstructed from memory by George Enescu. Alfred Cortot, one of the greatest pianists of all time, once said that Enescu, though primarily a violinist, had better piano technique than his own.

Enescu's only opera, Œdipe (Oedipe), was staged for the first time at the Royal Opera House in London in 2016, 80 years after its Paris premiere, in a production directed and designed by La Fura dels Baus which received superlative reviews in The Guardian, The Independent, The Times and other publications. An analysis of Enescu's work and the reasons why it is less known in the UK was published by musician Dominic Saunders in The Guardian.

 Commemorations

Enescu founded the Enescu Prize in composition, which was awarded from 1913 to 1946, and afterwards by the National University of Music Bucharest.

Eugène Ysaÿe's Violin Sonata No. 3 in D minor, subtitled "Ballade" (composed in 1923), was dedicated as an act of homage to fellow-violinist Enescu.

While staying in Bucharest during the 1930s, Enescu lived in the Cantacuzino Palace on Calea Victoriei and married its then owner, Maruca Cantacuzino, in 1939. After the Communist takeover, the couple occupied a part of it briefly before moving to Paris in 1947. Following Enescu's death in 1955, Maruca donated the palace to the Romanian state in order to organize a museum [1] in memory of the musician. Likewise, the Symphony Orchestra of Bucharest and the George Enescu Festival—initiated by the musicologist Andrei Tudor [2] and supported by his friend, musical advocate, and sometime collaborator, the conductor George Georgescu—are named and held in his honor, and the composer's childhood home in Liveni was inaugurated as a memorial museum in 1958.

Earlier still, in 1947, his wife Maruca donated to the state the mansion near Moinești where Enescu had lived and where he completed his opera Oedipe, provided that a cultural centre be built there. In Moinești itself there is a street named after the composer, as well as a middle school. In addition the renamed George Enescu International Airport at Bacău is some twenty miles away. Then in 2014 the home of Enescu's maternal grandfather in Mihăileni, Botoșani, where the composer spent part of his childhood, was rescued from an advanced state of dilapidation by a team of volunteer architects and now houses a centre of excellence for the study of music.

Enescu's portrait appeared on the redesigned 5 lei Romanian banknote in 2005.

 أعمال مختارة

Filarmonica "George Enescu" – Romanian Athenaeum, Bucharest

تسجيل صوتي خارجي

You may hear George Enescu's Romanian Rhapsody No. 1 in A major, Op. 11 and Romanian Rhapsody No. 2 in D major, Op. 11 Here on archive.org

قائمة أكثر شمولاً، انظر List of compositions by George Enescu.

 أوبرات

• Œdipe, tragédie lyrique in four acts, libretto by Edmond Fleg, Op. 23 (1910–31)

 سيمفونيات

• [[Symphony No. 1 (Enescu)|Symphony No. 1 in Eقالب:Flat major]], Op. 13 (1905)
• Symphony No. 2 in A major, Op. 17 (1912–14)
• Symphony No. 3 in C major, with chorus, Op. 21 (1916–18)
• Symphony No. 4 in E minor (1935; completed by Pascal Bentoiu in 1996)
• Symphony No. 5 in D major, with women's chorus and tenor solo (1941; first partially complete by Cornel Țăranu in 1970–72 and 1990, then completed by Pascal Bentoiu in 1995)

 أعمال أوركسترالية أخرى

• Poème roumain, symphonic suite for orchestra, Op. 1 (1897)
• Romanian Rhapsody No. 1 in A major, Op. 11 (1901)
• Romanian Rhapsody No. 2 in D major, Op. 11 (1901)
• Symphonia concertante in B minor, Op. 8 (1901)
• Orchestral Suite No. 1 in C major, Op. 9 (1903)
• Orchestral Suite No. 2 in C major, Op. 20 (1915)
• Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D major Suite Villageoise, Op. 27 (1937–38)
• Overture on Popular Romanian Themes, Op. 32

 أعمال حجرات

 String quartets

• String Quartet No. 1 in E♭ major, Op. 22, No. 1 (1916–20)
• String Quartet No. 2 in G major, Op. 22, No. 2 (1930–32)

Queen Elisabeth of Romania with George Enescu and Dimitrie Dinicu at Peleș Castle

 سوناتا

• Violin Sonata No. 1 in D major, Op. 2 (1897)
• Violin Sonata No. 2 in F minor, Op. 6 (1899)
• Violin Sonata No. 3 in A minor dans le caractère populaire roumain, Op. 25 (1926)
• Cello Sonata No. 1 in F minor, Op. 26, No. 1 (1898)
• Cello Sonata No. 2 in C major, Op. 26, No. 2 (1935)

 Other chamber works

• Octet for Strings in C major, Op. 7 (1900)
• Cantabile et Presto, for flute and piano (1904)
• Decet in D major, for wind instruments, Op. 14 (1906)
• Concertstück, for viola and piano (1906)
• Légende, for trumpet and piano (1906)
• Piano Quartet No. 1 in D major, Op. 16 (1909)
• Impressions d'enfance in D major, for violin and piano, Op. 28 (1940)
• Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 29 (1940)
• Piano Quartet No. 2 in D minor, Op. 30 (1943–44)
• Chamber Symphony, for 12 instruments, Op. 33 (1954)

 Piano music

• Piano Suite No. 1 in G minor, Dans le style ancien Op. 3 (1897)
• Piano Suite No. 2 in D major, Op. 10 (1901/1903)
• Piano Suite No. 3, Pieces impromptues Op. 18 (1913–16)
• Piano Sonata No. 1 in F♯ minor, op 24, No. 1 (1924)
• Piano Sonata No. 3 in D major, op 24, No. 3 (1933–35)
• Piano arrangement of Romanian Rhapsody No. 1 in A major, Op. 11 (1951)

 أغاني

Three songs setting Lemaitre and Prudhomme Four songs setting Fernand Gregh In German: Various settings of Carmen Silva (Queen Elisabeth of Romania) In Romanian – 3 songs

• Trois Mélodies, Op. 4 (1898)
• Sept Chansons de Clement Marot, for tenor and piano, Op. 15 (1907–08)
• Trois Mélodies, Op. 19 (1916)

 انظر أيضاً

• Category:Compositions by George Enescu
• George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra
• George Enescu International Competition
• List of 20th century classical composers

 المصادر

• Axente, Colette, and Ileana Ratiu. 1998. George Enescu: Biografie documentara, tineretea si afirmarea: 1901–1920. Bucharest: Editura muzicala a U.C.M.R.
• Bentoiu, Pascal. 2010. Masterworks of George Enescu: A Detailed Analysis, translated by Lory Wallfisch. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7665-1 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8108-7690-3 (ebook). Translation of Capodopere enesciene. Bucharest: Editura muzicala a U.C.M.R., 1984.
• Brediceanu, M. et al. 1997. Celebrating George Enescu: A Symposium. Washington, D.C.:.
• Gheorghiu, V. 1944. Un Muzician Genial: George Enescu.
• Cophignon, Alain. 2006. Georges Enesco. Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-62321-4. Romanian version as George Enescu, translated by Domnica Ilea, Bucharest: Editura Institutului Cultural Român, 2009, ISBN 978-973-577-578-0.
• Cosma, Viorel. 2000. George Enescu: A Tragic Life in Pictures. Bucharest: The Romanian Cultural Foundation Publishing House.
• Malcolm, Noel. 1990. George Enescu: His Life and Music, with a preface by Sir Yehudi Menuhin. London: Toccata Press. ISBN 0-907689-32-9 (cloth); ISBN 0-907689-33-7 (pbk)
• Malcolm, Noel. 2001. "Enescu, George." The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
• Randel, Don Michael (1996). The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-67437-299-3.
• Roth, Henry (1997). Violin Virtuosos: From Paganini to the 21st Century. Los Angeles, CA: California Classics Books. ISBN 1-879395-15-0
• Slonimsky, Nicolas (ed.). 2001. "Georges Enesco." Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Centennial Edition. New York: Schirmer Books.
• Tudor, Andrei. 1957. "Enescu". Bucharest: Foreign Languages Pub. House [OCLC https://www.worldcat.org/title/1029409]
• Voicana, Mircea. 1971. “Anii de formare: Copilăria (1881–1888); Studiile la Viena (1888–1894)”. In George Enescu: Monografie. 2 vols, edited by Mircea Voicana, 1: 7–129 (part 1, chapters 1–2). Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România.
• Voicana, Mircea (ed.) 1976. Enesciana, I.. (in Fr., Ger., and Eng.)

 وصلات خارجية

• Works by or about جورج إنيسكو at Internet Archive
• Legendary Violinists
• International Enescu Society
• Georges Enesco's Profile at The Remington Site: his Continental Bach Recordings and Remington Recordings plus a survey of Sonatas & Partitas in the 1950s
• International Festival and Competition "George Enescu"
• Free scores by Enescu at the International Music Score Library Project
• أعمال موسيقية مجانية من جورج إنيسكو في مكتبة الأعمال الكورالية المشاع (ChoralWiki)

• A page on the closely linked lives of Enescu and Chailley
• Another site, with a helpful timeline
• Pascal Bentoiu: George Enescu, the composer
• Reissue of the complete Bach clavier concertos conducted by Enesco on 4 CDs
• Review on Musicweb-International by Evan Dickerson of available recordings featuring Enescu's compositions (updated May 2005)
• Review on Musicweb-International by Evan Dickerson of Enescu's recordings as a performer (violinist, conductor & pianist)(updated July 2005)
• Romanian Rhapsody No.1
• Georges Enescu Octet in C, Op.7 sound-bites and short bio

 انظر ايضا

• Category:Compositions by George Enescu
• George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra
• List of 20th century classical composers

 المصادر

dk eywitness companions classical music