خرمشهر (صاروخ)

خرمشهر
File-Sacred Defence Week parade, 2017, in Tehran (0140).jpg
النوعصاروخ بالستي متوسط المدى
مكان الأصلإيران
تاريخ الانتاج
الصانعصناعة الدفاع الإيرانية
المواصفات
الوزن19.5 طن
الطول13 م
القطر1.5 م
المحركصاروخ الوقود السائل
المدى
العملياتي
200 كم برأس حربي تزن 1.800 كجم
السرعة8 - 16 ماخ [1]
منصة
الإطلاق
متحركة

خرمشهر (فارسية: خرمشهر، إنگليزية: Khorramshahr)، هو صاروخ بالستي متوسط المدى، اختبرته إيران في يناير 2017. الصاروخ سُمي على اسم مدينة خرمشهر الإيرانية. بمدى يتراوح بين 1.000 و2000 كم، يمكن للصاروخ حمل رأس حربية تزن 1.800 كجم[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] ويبلغ طوله 13 متر.[9]

نظرة عامة

Jane's Defence Weekly and Center for Strategic and International Studies stated that it is the Iranian version of North Korea's Hwasong-10.[10][11][12] North Korea sold a version of this missile to Iran under the designation BM-25.[13] The number 25 represents the missile's range of 2,500 km.[10][14][15][16] Iran said it has decreased the missile size over the initial version, reducing the propellant mass and range.[17] Such a range covers targets in Israel, Egypt and Saudi Arabia, and NATO members Romania, Bulgaria and Greece, if fired from Western Iran.[17]

The IRGC Commander of the Aerospace Division, Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh, stated that the Iranian variant "has become smaller in size and more tactical", which may explain the missile's decreased range. A second theory asserts that Iranian officials do not want to raise concern in Europe about their missile program, and are purposely underestimating the range.[18] The IISS's Michael Elleman said that Iran today likely can go beyond the original range of 1,000-2,000 kilometers with its Khorramshahr ballistic missile. However, it chose to limit its range by testing with a heavier warhead.[19]

Due to the heavy payload, it has the potential to carry nuclear warheads.[20] It is uncertain whether it can carry multiple nuclear warheads due to its size.[21][17]

The gas output from these rockets, range, warheads, and rocket launchers are different. In the Khorramshahr missile, there is some small separated gas output from the big one in the center to control the missile without wings.[22][23] The gas output model of the Khorramshahr missile is more like the Hwasong-12.[24]

Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh, the commander of Aerospace Force of the IRGC, said that Khorramshahr is a missile with a multiple-warhead capability.[9]

A Khorramshahr-4 ballistic missile

The Khorramshahr-4 was unveiled on 25 May 2023. The new variant is reported to have a range of 2,000 km with a 1,500 kg warhead. It has a more advanced engine that uses hypergolic fuel, which can be stored in tanks for years, shortening the launch preparation time to 12 minutes. The new propellant requires smaller tanks, reducing the motor section to about 13 m, with the warhead adding about 4 m to the missile's length. It has an airframe made of a stronger composite material, and a mid-phase navigation system that enables it to correct its course when outside of the atmosphere, so it is not reliant on terminal guidance that can be disrupted by electronic warfare systems.[25]

التاريخ

أُجري أول إطلاق تجريبي للصاروخ خرمشهر في 29 يناير 2017، حيث قطع مسافة 950 كم تقريباً قبل انفجاره. وأُعيد اختباره في أغسطس 2020، باستخدام مركبة استعادة صغيرة (RV) لزيادة مداه وربما دقته.[11][26]

التنويعات

  • خرمشهر-1
  • خرمشهر-2
  • خرمشهر-3
  • خيبر (خرمشهر-4)
  • خرمشهر-5

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ Khorramshahr missile yjc.ir Retrieved 25 May 2023
  2. ^ Hilary Clarke; Shirzad Bozorgmehr. "Iran tests new ballistic missile hours after showing it off". CNN. Retrieved 2017-09-27.
  3. ^ "Iran tests new ballistic missile: state media". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2017-09-27.
  4. ^ "Iran tests new missile after U.S. criticizes arms program". Reuters. 2017-09-23. Retrieved 2017-09-27.
  5. ^ "Iran tests new ballistic missile: state media". NBC News (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-09-27.
  6. ^ "Iran conducts successful test of Khorramshahr ballistic missile". UPI (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-09-27.
  7. ^ CNBC (2017-09-23). "Iran successfully tested a new ballistic missile, state media reports". CNBC. Retrieved 2017-09-27.
  8. ^ "Iran Shows Off New Ballistic Missile At Military Parade". NPR.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-09-27.
  9. ^ أ ب جهان|TABNAK, سایت خبری تحلیلی تابناك|اخبار ایران و. "توضیحاتی درباره مشخصات فنی موشک خرمشهر". سایت خبری تحلیلی تابناك|اخبار ایران و جهان|TABNAK (in الفارسية). Retrieved 2017-09-28.
  10. ^ أ ب "Iran releases Khorramshahr missile test video - Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  11. ^ أ ب "Khorramshahr - Missile Threat". csis.org. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  12. ^ Trevithick, Joseph. "Iran's New Ballistic Missile Looks a Lot Like a Modified North Korean One". The Drive (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2017-09-27.
  13. ^ "The Global Range of Iran's Ballistic Missile Program - Uzi Rubin". www.jcpa.org. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  14. ^ Majumdar, Dave (2 February 2017). "Iran's New Missile That Has Donald Trump Steaming Mad: Born in North Korea?". The National Interest. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  15. ^ Korea Military Balance[dead link]
  16. ^ "Iran's Missile Test: Getting the Facts Straight on North Korea's Cooperation". 38 North (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
  17. ^ أ ب ت Hilary Clarke; Shirzad Bozorgmehr (23 September 2017). "Iran tests new ballistic missile hours after showing it off". CNN. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  18. ^ "Khorramshahr - Missile Threat". csis.org. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  19. ^ Gambrell, Nasser Karimi, The Associated Press, Jon (31 October 2017). "Iran's supreme leader limits range for ballistic missiles produced locally". defensenews.com. Retrieved 3 May 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ "FAQ after allegations of another ballistic missile test by Tehran - FDD's Long War Journal". longwarjournal.org. 28 September 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  21. ^ "In defiance to Trump, Iran unveils new missile capable of striking Israel". 22 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  22. ^ prtrtur (2017-01-26), Hwasong 10, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RN6bnINJ2JQ, retrieved on 2017-09-28 
  23. ^ ali javid (2017-09-22), Iran Sacred Defense Week 2017 ballistic missile parade Khorramshahr IRBM موشک بالستیک خرمشهر, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AJQupuEwD0, retrieved on 2017-09-28 
  24. ^ GloSecCom (2017-05-16), North Korean Hwasong-12 Missile Test, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vem5wUhNy78, retrieved on 2017-09-28 
  25. ^ "Iran unveils Khorramshahr-4 ballistic missile". Janes Information Services. 25 May 2023. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023.
  26. ^ "New footage of Iran's Khorramshahr missile test released". Janes.com. 17 August 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2023.

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