دلماتيوس

هذا المقال يتعامل مع قيصر (335-337). إذا كنت تبحث عن الرقيب فلاڤيوس دلماتيوس، والد القيصر، انظر فلاڤيوس دلماتيوس. للقديسين بهذا الاسم، انظر القديس دلماتيوس (توضيح).
Dalmatius
Caesar of the Roman Empire
Photograph of Roman coin
Follis of Dalmatius minted in Aquileia.
Legend: fl· delmatius· nob· c·
توفي337ح. 337
الاسم الكامل
Flavius Julius Dalmatius
الأسرةالقسطنطينية
الأبدلماتيوس الرقيب

فلاڤيوس دلماتيوس قيصر Flavius Dalmatius Caesar ‏(اسمه، عادةً ما يُتهجى Delmatius في العملات المصكوكة؛ توفي 337)[1] كان قيصر (335–337) الامبراطورية الرومانية، وسليل الأسرة القسطنطينية.

دلماتيوس كان ابن عم قسطنطين الأكبر. والده، الذي كان أيضاً يُدعى فلاڤيوس دلماتيوس، كان أخاً غير شقيق لقسطنطين وعمل رقيباً. دلماتيوس وشقيقه هانيباليانوس علّمهما في تولوزا (تولوز) by rhetor Exuperius.

تقسيم الامبراطورية الرومانية بين القياصرة الذين عيّنهم قسطنطين الأول: من الغرب إلى الشرق، أقاليم قسطنطين الثاني، قسطنس الأول، دلماتيوس و قسطنطيوس الثاني. بعد وفاة قسطنطين الأول (مايو 337)، كانت ذلك هو التقسيم الرسمي للامبراطورية، حتى أغتيل دلماتيوس وقـُسـِّم إقليمه بين قسطنس وقسطنطيوس.

في 18 سبتمبر 335، رقـّاه عمه إلى مرتبة قيصر، مانحاً إياه السيطرة على تراقيا، أخايا و مقدونيا.

توفي دلماتيوس في أواخر صيف 337، مقتولاً على يد جنوده. ومن المحتمل أن قتله كان ذا صلة بالتطهير الذي عم الأسرة الامبراطورية عقب وفاة قسطنطين، ودبـَّره قسطنطيوس الثاني بهدف إزاحة أي مطالِب محتمل بالسلطة الامبراطورية عدا أبناء الامبراطور الراحل.

النشأة

Flavius Julius Dalmatius,[2][3] sometimes spelled Delmatius,[4] was born in an unknown year.[5] Moysés Marcos hypotized that Dalmatius was born between 290 and 317.[6] Dalmatius was the son of Flavius Dalmatius,[7] who was the son of Constantius Chlorus and Flavia Maximiana Theodora. Constantine the Great was the uncle of Dalmatius.[8] Constantius Chlorus might have named Flavius Dalmatius after the province of Dalmatia, which he once governed.[9]

Flavius Dalmatius, having been born in the purple unlike Constantine, was a threat to Constantine and lived in exile in Toulouse until the later portion of Constantine's reign[10] when he was made consul in 333, and administrator in Antioch.[11] In Narbo or Toulouse, Dalmatius and his brother Hannibalianus were educated by Exuperius.[12][13] After coming to Constantinople the brothers were educated by Aemilius Magnus Arborius.[14]

القيصر

Constantine II, Constans I, and Constantius II were made caesars by Constantine in 317, 324, and 333.[15] Constantine raised Dalmatius to the rank of caesar in Ripa Gothica on 18 September 335, and was given control of Thrace, Macedonia, and Achaea. This date coincided with the eleventh annivarsry of Constantine's victory at the Battle of Chrysopolis.[16] At the same time as Dalmatius' appointment, Hannibalianus was made rex regum et gentium ponticarum (King of Kings and of the Pontic Races).[15] His appointment as caesar may have been part of an attempt by Constantine to restore the Tetrarchy.[17][18]

As caesar Dalmatius was in charge of an army near the Danube and used Naissus as his base.[19][20] Naissus was a central hub in the Balkans and Constantine used it as his base for campaigns against the Sarmatians and Limigantes in 334, and was later used by Julian during his campaign against Constantius II in 361.[21] Fortissimo, a honorific meaning "most courageous" was given to Dalmatius; Constantius II was the only other caesar to receive this title. He might have participated in Constantine's campaigns in Dacia due to a coin bearing his name featuring a prince holding the legionary standard and parazonium while two prisoners of war lay at his feet.[22]

Coinage in the name of Dalmatius was produced in Trier, Lyons, Arles, Rome, Siscia, Thessalonica, Heraclea, Constatinople, Nicomedia, Cyzicus, Alexandira, and Antioch.[23] Dalmatius and his fellow caesars were included in all imperials laws as superscription, but were removed by the compilers of the Codex Theodosianus, who only included the name of Constantine.[24] Theophanes the Confessor claimed that Dalmatius and his soldiers saved Athanasius of Alexandria from being murdered at the First Synod of Tyre, but other historians believe that Theophanes mistook Dalmatius for his father, who was present in Antioch, and the event most likely occurred before Dalmatius was made caesar.[25]

T.D. Barnes believed that Valerius Maximus was the praetorian prefect for Dalmatius due to a rescript featuring his name being removed in 337, but other historians believe that the praetorian prefect removed from this rescript was Valerius Felix and that it was done in 355/356.[26] Flavius Dalmatius might have served as Dalmatius' praetorian prefect similar to how Gaius Furius Sabinius Aquila Timesitheus served as the praetorian prefect for his son-in-law Gordian III.[27]

الوفاة

Dalmatius was murdered after the death of Constantine, but before 9 September 337;[28][29] Jerome wrote that Dalmatius was killed in 338, but this is unlikely as the new augusti were declared on 9 September 337.[30] Hannibalianus and Flavius Dalmatius were killed as well. Their deaths occurred in the midst of a massacre of the Constantinian family that killed all of the male members of the family except for Constantine II, Constans I, and Constantius II, Constantius Gallus and Julian.[31] The territory assigned to Dalmatius was divided between Constantius II and Constans I.[28][32]

Zosimus, Jerome,[33] Eunapius, and the now-lost Enmannsche Kaisergeschichte reported that Dalmatius was killed by his soldiers with the support of Constantius II,[34] but Aurelius Victor was uncertain about who was responsible for Dalmatius' death.[35]

انظر أيضاً

المراجع والمصادر

المراجع
  1. ^ Potter, David. (2008) Emperors of Rome: Imperial Rome from Julius Caesar to the last emperor. London: Quercus, p. 195. ISBN 9781847245526
  2. ^ Marcos 2014, p. 751.
  3. ^ Van Dam 2012, p. 100.
  4. ^ Blockley 1972, p. 458.
  5. ^ Woods 2011, p. 191.
  6. ^ Marcos 2014, p. 755.
  7. ^ Burgess 2008, p. 6.
  8. ^ Burgess 2008, p. 8.
  9. ^ Van Dam 2012, p. 92.
  10. ^ Van Dam 2012, p. 109.
  11. ^ Marcos 2014, p. 756.
  12. ^ Marcos 2014, p. 752.
  13. ^ Jones, Martindale & Morris 1971, p. 241.
  14. ^ Marcos 2014, p. 754.
  15. ^ أ ب Woods 2011, p. 189.
  16. ^ Marcos 2014, pp. 749; 762-763.
  17. ^ Marcos 2014, p. 750.
  18. ^ Lewis 2024, p. 22.
  19. ^ Burgess 2008, p. 33.
  20. ^ Marcos 2014, p. 764.
  21. ^ Marcos 2019, p. 187.
  22. ^ Marcos 2014, pp. 764-765.
  23. ^ Woods 2011, p. 188.
  24. ^ Burgess 2008, p. 31.
  25. ^ Di Maio, Arnold & Arnold 1992, p. 185.
  26. ^ Burgess 2008, p. 30.
  27. ^ Marcos 2019, p. 186.
  28. ^ أ ب Marcos 2014, p. 766.
  29. ^ Di Maio, Arnold & Arnold 1992, p. 174.
  30. ^ Di Maio, Arnold & Arnold 1992, pp. 191.
  31. ^ Burgess 2008, p. 10.
  32. ^ Lenski 2007, pp. 99-100.
  33. ^ Di Maio, Arnold & Arnold 1992, p. 165.
  34. ^ Burgess 2008, pp. 14; 18.
  35. ^ Di Maio, Arnold & Arnold 1992, pp. 166-167.
المصادر
  • DiMaio, Michael, "Dalmatius Caesar (335-337 A.D)", in DIR
  • Jones, A.H.M.; J.R. Martindale & J. Morris (1971). [[[:قالب:Googlebooks]] The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire Volume 1: A.D. 260–395]. Cambridge University Press. p. 241. ISBN 0-521-07233-6. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help)
  • Marcos, Moysés (2014). "Constantine, Dalmatius Caesar, and the Summer of A.D. 337". Latomus. 73 (3): 748–774. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 24858587.
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