رئيس جورجيا

President Georgia
საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი
Flag of the President of Georgia.svg
Presidential standard
Mikheil Kavelashvili 2014.jpg
الحالي
Mikheil Kavelashvili[أ]
منذ 29 December 2024
Office of the President of Georgia
النوعHead of state
Commander-in-chief
المقرOrbeliani Palace (since Nov 2018[2])
المعيـِّنElectoral college
طول المدةFive years,
renewable once
المجلس التمثيليConstitution of Georgia (1995)
الشاغل الافتتاحيZviad Gamsakhurdia
التشكل14 أبريل 1991;
منذ 34 سنة (1991-04-14
النائبChairperson of the Parliament
الراتب13,000 GEL
(€4,500) per month[3]
الموقع الإلكترونيOfficial website
جورجيا
Coat of arms of Georgia.svg

هذه المقالة هي جزء من سلسلة:
سياسة وحكومة
جورجيا

انظر أيضا: سياسة أبخازيا

دول أخرى • أطلس
 بوابة السياسة
ع • ن • ت

رئيس جورجيا (بالجورجية: საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი) ، هو رأس دولة جورجيا في المراسم، وكذلك القائد الأعلى القوات المسلحة الجورجية. ويعرف الدستور منصب الرئيس بأنه "الضامن لوحدة واستقلال البلد".[4] فترة خدمة الرئيس هي خمس سنوات.

The president is largely a figurehead as in many parliamentary democracies but does retain some significant authorities, such as the right to issue pardons. Executive power is vested in the Government and the prime minister. The office was first introduced by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on 14 April 1991, five days after Georgia's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union.[5] The president serves a five-year term.

On 14 December 2024, the Electoral Assembly elected Mikheil Kavelashvili as the new president and inaugurated him on 29 December 2024. It was the first indirect election of the president in Georgia's history after the constitutional amendments changed the electoral system in 2017. Opposition parties, Georgian constitutional experts, as well as parts of the international community consider Kavelashvili's presidency illegitimate and maintain that Salome Zourabichvili continues to be the president.[6]


Qualifications

Any citizen of Georgia having the electoral right, who has attained the age of 35 and who has lived in Georgia for at least 15 years, may be elected President of Georgia.[7] The office cannot be held by a citizen of Georgia who is simultaneously the citizen of a foreign country.[8] The president of Georgia shall not be a member of a political party.[9]

Election

According to the 2018 version of Georgia's constitution, starting in 2024, the president is elected for a five-year term by the 300-member Electoral College, consisting of all members of the Parliament of Georgia and of the supreme representative bodies of the autonomous republics of Abkhazia and Adjara, also members from the representative bodies of local self-governments (municipalities). The same person may be elected President of Georgia only twice. No less than 30 members of the Electoral College shall have the right to nominate a candidate for the president of Georgia. The election of the president of Georgia is appointed by the Parliament for October.[10]

Impeachment

One third of the total number of the members of Parliament has the right to raise the question of impeachment of the president of Georgia. They can be considered impeached if the decision is supported by at least two thirds of the members of Parliament. The procedure of the impeachment of the president is constitutionally banned during a state of emergency or martial law.[11]

Constitutional powers and duties

1. The President of Georgia shall:

a) with the consent of the Government, exercise representative powers in foreign relations, negotiate with other states and international organisations, conclude international treaties, and accept the accreditation of ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives of other states and international organisations; upon nomination by the Government, appoint and dismiss ambassadors and other heads of diplomatic missions of Georgia;

b) conclude a constitutional agreement with the Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia on behalf of the state of Georgia;

c) call the elections of Parliament and local self-government bodies in accordance with the Constitution and the procedures established by the organic law;

d) upon nomination by the Government, appoint and dismiss the Commander of the Defence Forces of Georgia; appoint one member of the High Council of Justice; participate in the appointment of the chairperson and members of the Central Election Commission of Georgia in cases defined by the organic law and in accordance with the established procedure; upon nomination by the Government, submit to Parliament candidates for the membership of the national regulatory bodies;

e) decide on citizenship issues in accordance with the procedures established by the organic law;

f) pardon convicts;

g) in accordance with the procedures established by law, grant state awards and rewards; highest military ranks, special ranks and honorary titles; and highest diplomatic ranks;

h) be entitled, upon recommendation by the Government and with the consent of Parliament, to suspend the activity of a representative body of a territorial unit, or to dissolve such a body, if its activities threaten the sovereignty or territorial integrity of the country, or the exercise of constitutional powers by state bodies;

i) exercise other powers determined by the Constitution.[12]

2. The President of Georgia shall have the right to call a referendum on issues defined in the Constitution and law, at the request of the Parliament of Georgia, the Government of Georgia or no less than 200 000 voters, within 30 days after such a request is received. A referendum shall not be held in order to adopt or repeal a law, to grant amnesty or pardon, to ratify or denounce international treaties, or to decide issues that envisage the restriction of fundamental constitutional human rights. Issues related to calling and holding referendums shall be defined by the organic law.[12]

3. The President of Georgia shall have the right to address the people. The President shall annually submit a report on crucial state-related issues to Parliament.[12]

القسم

მე საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი, ღვთისა და ერის წინაშე ვაცხადებ, რომ დავიცავ საქართველოს კონსტიტუციას, ქვეყნის დამოუკიდებლობას, ერთიანობასა და განუყოფლობას, კეთილსინდისიერად აღვასრულებთ პრეზიდენტის მოვალეობას, ვიზრუნებ ჩემი ქვეყნის მოქალაქეთა უსაფრთხოებისა და კეთილდღეობისათვის, ჩემი ხალხის და მამულის აღორძინებისა და ძლევამოსილებისათვის!

I, the President of Georgia, solemnly pledge before God and my nation to defend the Constitution of Georgia and the independence, unity and inseparability of my country. I will honestly perform the duties of President. I will protect the welfare and security of my people, and will care for the revival and might of my Nation and Fatherland.

(العلم) القياسي

The President of Georgia standard

قادة جورجيا منذ 1918

جمهورية جورجيا الديموقراطية (1918-1921)

رأس الدولة

  • Noe Nikolozis dze Zhordania (26 مايو 1918 - 12 مارس 1919) (President of National Council to October 1918, then President of Parliament)

President of Constituent Assembly

جمهورية جورجيا الديموقراطية في المنفى (1921-1954)

رؤوس الدولة

Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1922-1936) وGeorgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936-1991)

أول أمناء الحزب الشيوعي الجورجي

جمهورية جورجيا (1991-الآن)

رئيس المجلس الأعلى

الرؤساء

رئيس مجلس الدولة

رئيس البرلمان

الرؤساء

قائمة شاغلي المنصب

لمعلومات عن leaders before independence، انظر List of leaders of Georgia (country).

الرؤساء

No. Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portrait Took office Left office Time in office Party Election
1 Zviad Gamsakhurdia
(1939–1993) 		Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Tbilisi, 1988 (3x4 cropped).jpg 14 April 1991 6 January 1992
(Deposed) 		267 days Round Table—Free Georgia 1991
The office of the president was vacant from January 6, 1992 to November 26, 1995.[ب]
2 Eduard Shevardnadze
(1928–2014) 		Eduard shevardnadze (cropped).jpg 26 November 1995 23 November 2003
(Forced to resign) 		7 years, 362 days Union of Citizens of Georgia 1995
2000
— Nino Burjanadze
(born 1964)
Acting 		Nino Burjanadze (Tbilisi, December 5, 2003) (3x4 cropped).jpg 23 November 2003 25 January 2004 63 days United National Movement –
3 ميخئيل سآكاشڤيلي
(born 1967) 		Mikhail Saakashvili, Davos (cropped).jpg 25 January 2004 25 November 2007
(Resigned) 		3 years, 304 days United National Movement 2004
— Nino Burjanadze
(born 1964)
Acting 		Nino Burdzjanadze 2008.jpg 25 November 2007 20 January 2008 56 days United National Movement –
(3) ميخئيل سآكاشڤيلي
(born 1967) 		President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili in Tbilisi (3x4 cropped).jpg 20 January 2008 17 November 2013 5 years, 301 days United National Movement 2008
4 Giorgi Margvelashvili
(born 1969) 		Prasidenten Margvelashvili (3x4 cropped).jpg 17 November 2013 16 December 2018 5 years, 29 days Georgian Dream 2013
5 Salome Zourabichvili
(مواليد 1952) 		Salome Zourabichvili and Antonio Tajani (cropped) 2.jpg 16 December 2018 29 December 2024 6 years, 13 days Independent[ت] 2018
Incumbent
(Disputed) 		6 years, 303 days
(Disputed)
6 ميخئيل كاڤِلاشڤيلي

(مواليد 1971)

Mikheil Kavelashvili 2014.jpg 29 December 2024 Incumbent
(Disputed) 		290 days
(Disputed) 		People's Power[ث] 2024

Chairman of the Supreme Council

No. Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portrait Took office Left office Time in office Party Legislature Election
1 Zviad Gamsakhurdia
(1939–1993) 		Гамсахурдіа.jpg 14 November 1990 14 April 1991 151 days Round Table—Free Georgia Supreme Council 1990

Interim heads of state (1992–1995)

No. Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portrait Took office Left office Time in office Party Title
— Jaba Ioseliani
(1926–2003) 		6 January 1992 10 March 1992 64 days Military Co-chairmen of the Military Council
Tengiz Kitovani
(1938–2023) 		Tengiz Kitovani in Rkoni (cropped).jpg
— Eduard Shevardnadze
(1928–2014) 		Eduard shevardnadze (cropped).jpg 10 March 1992 4 November 1992 239 days Independent Chairman of the State Council
4 November 1992 6 November 1992 2 days Chairman of the Parliament
6 November 1992 26 November 1995 3 years, 20 days Head of State

President in dissidence (1993)

No. Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portrait Took office Left office Time in office Party
— Zviad Gamsakhurdia
(1939–1993)[ج] 		Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Tbilisi, 1988 (3x4 cropped).jpg 24 September 1993 6 November 1993 43 days Round Table—Free Georgia
Notes
  1. ^ Kavelashvili's election as President is contested by outgoing President Salome Zourabichvili, all large opposition parties, as well as numerous watchdogs and constitutional experts, who question the legitimacy of the 2024 Georgian parliamentary election that determined the composition of the electoral college for the presidential election. Internationally, the European Parliament has expressed it continues to recognise Salome Zourabichvili as the legitimate president.[1]
  2. ^ On December 22, 1991, parts of the military launched a coup d'état against the government and the president. On January 6, 1992, the government and the President were deposed and a Military Council, led by Tengiz Kitovani and Jaba Ioseliani, took power in Tbilisi. On March 10, 1992, the Military Council handed the power over to Eduard Shevardnadze, who served as acting head of state until November 26, 1995.
  3. ^ Georgian Dream campaigned for and endorsed the candidacy of Zourabichvili in the 2018 presidential election.
  4. ^ Satellite party of Georgian Dream, which nominated the candidacy of Kavelashvili in the 2024 presidential election.
  5. ^ During the Georgian Civil War, deposed former president Gamsakhurdia returned to Georgia in September 1993 and formed a rival government based in Zugdidi. This controlled part of western Georgia until its defeat at the hands of government forces in November.

Timeline

Mikheil KavelashviliSalome ZourabichviliGiorgi MargvelashviliMikheil SaakashviliNino BurjanadzeEduard ShevardnadzeZviad Gamsakhurdia

See also

ملاحظات

المراجع

  1. ^ "MEPs: Georgia's self-proclaimed authorities have no legitimacy". European Parliament (in الإنجليزية). 13 فبراير 2025. Retrieved 13 فبراير 2025.
  2. ^ No label or title -- debug: Q131584019, Wikidata Q131584019 
  3. ^ Changes to the Rule of Labor Remuneration in Public Institutions, https://www.transparency.ge/sites/default/files/labor-remuneration.pdf 
  4. ^ قالب:Cite constitution
  5. ^ (in جورجية and روسية) The Law of the Republic of Georgia on the Introduction of the Post of President of the Republic of Georgia Archived 20 يناير 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The Parliament of Georgia Archive. Accessed on 17 April 2011
  6. ^ Staff (29 ديسمبر 2024). "Georgia's pro-west president says she remains the 'only legitimate president' as new leader sworn in". The Guardian (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 29 ديسمبر 2024.
  7. ^ قالب:Cite constitution
  8. ^ قالب:Cite constitution
  9. ^ قالب:Cite constitution
  10. ^ قالب:Cite constitution
  11. ^ قالب:Cite constitution
  12. ^ أ ب ت "საქართველოს კონსტიტუცია". სსიპ ”საქართველოს საკანონმდებლო მაცნე”.

وصلات خارجية

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