رسالة العمارنة EA 245
رسالة العمارنة EA 245 (Amarna letter EA 245)، بعنوان: "تحديد المذنب"،[1] is a medium length clay tablet Amarna letter from Biridiya the governor-'mayor' of Magidda. It is letter number four of five from Biridiya.
The letter is in pristine condition except for a missing flake (lower-right, obverse) causing a lacuna at the end of a few lines. The cuneiform characters are finely inscribed, with some photos that can even show the individual strokes of the cuneiform characters (the stroke sequence). The letter is 47-lines long, and about 5-in tall. Letter EA 245 (see here-(Obverse): [3]), is numbered BM 29855, at the British Museum.
![[3]](https://www.britishmuseum.org/collectionimages/AN00408/AN00408147_001_l.jpg){kind=link}
The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.
الرسالة
EA 245: "تحديد المذنب"
EA 245, letter four of five. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation, and English from French.)[1]
(Obverse, see here [4])
- (Lines 1-7)--Moreover,1 I urged my brothers, "If the god of the king, our lord, brings it about2 that we overcome Lab'ayu, then we must bring him alive :–(gloss) ha-ia-ma to the king, our lord."
- (8-14)--My mare, however having been put out of action :–-(gloss) tu-ra (having been shot), I took my place behind him :–(gloss) ah-ru-un-ú and rode with Yashdata.3 But before my arrival they had struck him down :–(gloss) ma-ah-ṣú-ú.
- (15-23)--Yašdata being truly your servant, he it was that entered with me into batt[le]. May [ ... ] [ ... ] the life4 of the king, my [lord], that he may br[ing peace to ever]yone5 in [the lands of] the king, [my] lord.
(Reverse, see here [5])
![[5]](https://www.britishmuseum.org/collectionimages/AN00408/AN00408149_001_l.jpg){kind=link}
- (24-35)--It had been Surata that took Labaya from Magidda. and said to me, "I will send him to the king by boat :–(gloss) a-na-yi "6 Surata took him, but he sent him from Hinnatunu to his home, for it was Surata that had accepted from him :–(gloss) ba-di-ú his ransom.
- (36-47)--Moreover, what have I done to the king, my lord, that he has treated me with contempt :–(gloss) ia8-qí-ìl-li-ni and honored :–(gloss) ia8-ka-bi-id my less important brothers?7 It was Surata that let Lab'ayu go, and it was Surata that let Ba'l-mehir go, (both) to their homes. And may the king, my lord, know.--(complete Obverse & Reverse, EA 245, minor, restored lacunae, (and a small corner of clay tablet missing), total ines 1-47)
النص الأكادي
The Akkadian language text:[2]
Akkadian:
Obverse (see here: [6])
- (Line 1)--Ša-ni-tam dabābu--(..Furthermore,.. to expound upon (to talk))
- (2)--UGU ŜEŠ-HI.A-ia--(upon Brothers-Mine,.. )
- (3)--šumma epēšu--(..If .. to make happen)
- (4)--DMEŠ-nu ša LUGAL-ri(=ŠÀRru) ENBēlu-nu--( "the God"-ours,.. 'which of' King-Lord-Ours.. )
- (5)--ù kašādu--(..and Defeat–!.. )
- (6)--1.diš-La-aB-A-iYa ù til-la-nu-um-ma :-(gloss) ha-ia-ma--(1.diš-Labaya,.. and "bodily" : (–gl–
) "alive",.. ) - (7)--nu-abālu ana LUGAL-ri(=ŠÀRru) ENBēlu-nu--(..Bring 'unto'(to) King-Lord-Ours–!... )
- segue:
- (8)--Ù tu-sà-ah-mi(=tazzimtu) : (–gl–) tu-ra(tarû)--(..But "bad luck" :-(gloss) "returned"?('my horse was "shot"')..)
- (9)--ANŠE.KUR.ra :-(gloss) MUNUS-ia ù uzuzzu--(Horse- :-(gloss) mine,..and "to be present",.. )
- (10)--EGIR.ERIM-šu : (–gl–) harānnú--(..BEHIND.ARMY-his :-(gloss) "expeditioning"(=road, journey) )
- (11)--ù erēbu--(..and "to encamp"(to set),.. )
- (12)--itti 1.diš-Ya((=pi))-aŠ-Da-Ta--(with Yashdata–!... )
- segue:
- (13)--Ù adi kašādu--(..But before "conquering"(reaching/vanquishing),.. )
- (14)--ù dâku :-(gloss) mahāṣ(ú)u--(and "killed" : (–gl–) 'fighting'–!.. )
- (15)--ù elû-mì(+šamû(heaven)?) 1.diš-Ya(=pi)-aŠ-Da-Ta--(and "ascended-up" 1.diš-Yashdata,.. )
- (16)--Ardu-ka ù š-ût--(Servant-yours,.. and "who of",.. )
- (17)--erēbu itti--(-(always)-"to enter" with,.. )
- (18)--ina MÈERIM(=tāhāzu) tāhāzu--(..into BATTLE-War-Battle–!.. )
- (19)--ù lū nâ[-du ana šâšu ]--(and "may it be" 'to (have)-praise' for him,.. )
- (20)--til-la-aṭ(tillu) LUGAL-ri(=ŠÀRru) ENBēlu-ia--(.."warriors"(workers)-(of),. King-Lord-Mine,.. )
- (21)--[ ù ] epē[-šu ]--(..and "to treat"... [ .. ])-(lacuna)
- (22)--gabbu ina [ ... ]--(..everyone in [ ..?.. ] )-(lacuna)
- (23)--LUGAL-ri(=ŠÀRru) ENBēlu-ia--(.., King-Lord-Mine–! .. )
- segue:
Reverse (see here: [7])
- (24)--Ù 1.diš-Sú-Ra-Ta--(But,.. 1.-Surata.. )
- (25)--yi(=pi)-il5-qû(leqû) 1.diš-La-aB-A-iYa--(..took Labaya.. )
- (26)--ištu URUMa-GID6-Daki--(from Magidda,.. )
- (27)--ú yi(=pi)-qabû ana iā-[ ši ](iāši)(--(and "said" to me:— )
- (28)--enūma ša GIŠMÁ : (–gl–) a-na-yi--(.."Now 'that by' BOAT :-(gloss) 'ship'... )
- (29)--uššuru-šu--(..Send (issue)!..(i.e. Labaya)..)
- (30)--ana LUGAL-ri(=ŠÀRru),.. ù (pi)leqû--(to (the) King,.." ..But 'taken'..)
- (31)--1.diš-Sú-Ra-Ta ù (pi)tarû--(..(by) 1.-Surata,.. and "returned"-him..)
الكتابة المسمارية، الأكادية، الإنگليزية
Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative),[3] and Akkadian, and English.
الوجه
الفقرة الأولى (السطور 1-7)
1.(P. I of IV) Ša-ni-tam du-ub-bu-ba-ku-mì
___Šanitam, — dabābu
___Furthermore, — I urged
2. _UGU-ŠEŠhi-a_-ia
___ _UGU-ŠEŠhi-a_-ia–!
___(with) Compatriotspl.-mine (my Brothers)–!
الفقرة الفرعية
3.Šum-ma-mi yi-pu-šu-mi
___Šumma epēšu[4]
___QuoteIf (they)bring
4. _dingir-meš_-nu ša (Šàrru)_Šàr_-ri _EN_-nu
___ilupl.-nu, — ša (Šàrru)_Šàr_-ri _EN_-nu, —
___godspl.-our, — which(are-of) King-Lord-ours, —
5.ù ni-ik-šu-du-um-mi
___u kašādu–!
___and defeat–!
6.1=dišLa-ab-a-ia ù _til-la_nu-um-ma
Note: on Reverse", line 42.:– ma : (–gl–
) ha-ia-ma
___1=dišLabaya, — _tillu_-nu-um-ma
___1=dišLabaya, — (equipment)-nu-um-ma : (–gl–) ha-ia-ma (by boat)(land carriage?)
7.nu-ub-ba-lu-uš-šu a-na (Šàrru)_Šàr_-ri _EN_-nu
___abālu ana (Šàrru)Šàr-ri EN-nu –!
___bring (him alive) to King Lord-ours –!
EndQuote
الفقرة الثانية (السطور 8-23)
8.(P. II of IV) Ù tu-sà-ah-mì : (–gl–) tu-ra
___U tu-sà-ah-mì(tazzimtu) : (–gl–) tu-ra
___But "bad luck"(lamentation) : (–gl–)(the horse was disabled, "shot")
9.x?-pa? _ANŠE-KUR-RA:MUNUS_-ia ù iz-zi-iz-mì
___x?-pa? _ANŠE-KUR-RA:MUNUS_-ia,– u uzzuzu
___/+-x?-pa?-+/ horse-mine,– and (rode-behind)("stood-behind")
10. _EGIR_-šu : (–gl–) uh-ru-un-ú
___ _EGIR_-šu : (–gl–) harrānu —!
___behind (troops)-His : (–gl–) expedition-ing —!
11.Ù ir(wrong, =sa) sa-ka-ap-mi
___u sakāpu[5]-mi
___and en-camped-Myself
12.it-ta 1=diš-Ya-aš-da-ta
___itti 1=diš-Ya-aš-da-ta
___with 1Yashdata.
الفقرة الانتقالية
13.Ù a-di ka-ša-di-ia
___U adi kašādu
___But before "conquering"-(in-battle) (("arriving"-(into battle)-))
14.ù da-ku-šu : (–gl–) ma-ah-ṣú-ú
___u dâku-šu, – : (–gl–) mahāṣu, —!
___and "death-us", – : (–gl–) "struck-down", —!
15.ù al lu-ú-mì 1=(diš) Ya-aš-da-ta
___u elû lū 1=(diš)Ya-aš-da-ta
___and ascended, "let-it-be", 1Yashdata, –
16. _ÁRAD_-ka ù šu-ú-te(ut!-no)
___ _ÁRAD_-ka, – u šu-ú-te
___Servant-yours, – but ?straight-away?
17.yi-ru-ub-mi it-ti# [ x ]##
___erēbu-mi, – itti-[ x ]##
___entered-Myself, – with [ them ? ]##
18.i-na MÈ (me3=tāhāzu) ta-ha#-zi##
___ina (MÈ = tāhāzu) - tāhā#zu##
___into BATTLE, battle
19.ù lu-ú yi-na- -[ -di-nu a-na ša-šu ]
___u lū nâ[du ana šâšu ]
___and "may-it-be" pr[aise for Him ]
20. _til-la-aṭ _ŠÀRRU_-ri# [ _EN_ ]-ia
21.[ ù ] li-pa-aš#-[ ši-ih ]
الجزء السفلي
الفقرة الثالثة (السطور 24-35)
الظهر
الفقرة الثالثة (السطور 24-35)
25.(P. III of IV) yi-il5-qé-mì 1-diš-La-[ ab-a-ia ]
___laqû 1-diš-La-[ ab-a-ia ]
___took...1Labaya
26.iš-tu _IRI_ Ma-gid6-daki
___ištu _URU_ Me-gid6-daki
___from _city_ Megiddo
27.ù yi-iq-bi a-na ia-a- [ ši ]
___u qabû ana iāši —
___and said to me —
28.QuoteIna-mí ((No))šà-geš-_MÁ_ giš-ru((yes)) : (–gl–) a-na-yi
___Quotei-na-mí _MÁ_ giš-ru : (–gl–) a-na-yi
___QuoteBy boat ....(?by land carriage)
29.ú-ta-aš-ša-ru-uš-šu
___uššuru
___(I will) send
30.a-na (_lugal_)_Šarru_-ri ù yi-ìl-qé-šu
___ana (_lugal_)_Šarru_-ri,— ù
___to King,—
30.5--------------ù yi-ìl-qé-šu
___-----------------u leqû
___-----------------and take
31.1=dišSú-ra-ta ù yu-ta-šar-šu
___1=dišSú-ra-ta
___1Surata
31.5-------------ù yu-ta-šar-šu
___----------------u uššuru
___----------------and send (Him)
32.iš-tu _IRI_ He-na-tu-naki
___ištu _URU_ He-na-tu-naki
___from _city_ Hannathon
33.a-na _É_-šu ù 1=dišSú-ra-ta
___ana _É_-šu,EndQuote — ù 1=dišSú-ra-ta
___To _house_hisEndQuote — and 1Surata
الفقرة الانتقالية
33.5-------------ù 1=dišSú-ra-ta
___---------------u 1=dišSú-ra-ta
___---------------and 1Surata
34.la-qí-mi _kù-BABBARhi-a_ ip-țì-ir-ri-šu
___leqû _kù-BABBARhi-a_
___took silver, – returning
34.6-------------ip-țì-ir-ri-šu
___----------------târu
___----------------returning
35.i-na _ŠU_-ti-šu : (–gl–) ba-di-ú
___ina _ŠU_-ti-šu : (–gl–) ba-di-ù
___in "Hand"-his — : (–gl–) ba-di-ù–! (the ransom—!) (the Silver—!)
الفقرة الرابعة (السطور 36-47)
36. (P. IV) Ša-ni-tam, – mi-na-am-mi ep-ša-ku-mì
___Šanitam, — mīnu epēšu
___Furthermore, — what (have I) done
36.3----------mi-na-am-mi ep-ša-ku-mì
___------------- — Mi-na-am-mi ep-ša-ku-mì
___------------- — QuoteWhat (have I) done
37.a-na (Šàrru)_Šàr-ri_ _EN_-ia
___ana (Šàrru)_Šàr-ri_ _EN_-ia—?
___to (Šàrru) _King(-ri)_ _Lord_-mine—?
38.i-na-mí _sig_-ia : (–gl–) ya-qí-ìl-li-ni
___inuma-(enūma), — _sig_-ia : (–gl–) ya-qí-ìl-li-ni —!
___Now, — (I am) contempted —!
39. — Ù _DUGUD_ : (–gl–) yu-ka-bi-id
___ — U : (–gl–) yu-ka-bi-id (kabta[6])
___ — But are honored
40. _ŠEŠ_HI-A-ia șé-eh-ru-ta5
___ _ŠEŠ_HI-A-ia,— șehēru, —!
___(compatriots)(Brothers)pl.-mine,— less important, —!EndQuote
الفقرة الانتقالية
41.Ù 1=dišSú-ra-ta
___U 1=dišSú-ra-ta
___But 1Surata
42.yu-ta-šir9
Note: the rest, (majority), of line 42, is the up-side-down cuneiform from Obverse, Line 6
nu-um-ma : (–gl–) ha-ia-ma
42.yu-ta-šir9
___aṣû
___brought
43.1=dišLa-ab-a-ia ù
___1=dišLa-ab-a-ia ù
___1Labaya
43.7--------------ù
___----------------u
___----------------and
44.yu-ta-šir9-mì 1=diš, diškur-me-her
___aṣû 1=diš, diškur-me-her
___brought 1Ba'al-Mehir
45.a-na _É_-šu-ni
___ana _bītu_-šu, –!
___to _house_-his, –!
الفقرة الفرعية
46.Ù lu-ú yi-de-mi
___U, — lū idû,[7] –
___And, — "may-it-be" proclaimed (& recognized), –
("may you know ")
47.(Šàrru)Šàr-ru EN-ia–!
___(Šàrru)Šàr-ru EN-ia–!
___King Lord-mine–!
انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ أ ب Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 245, Assignment of Guilt, p. 299-300.
- ^ Akkadian language characters & Line Drawing, EA 245: Reverse & Obverse Archived 2015-05-31 at the Wayback Machine, CDLI no. P270957 (Chicago Digital Library Initiative)
- ^ CDLI page for EA 245
- ^ Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, epēsu, p. 124; English, "to do, place, treat".
- ^ Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, sakāpu, p. 138; English, "to lie down, rest".
- ^ Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 107, "Charioteers but no horses", pp. 180-181; note 2 for DUGUD, read "kabta", related to English "important (person)", "honored".
- ^ Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, idû, p. 127; English, "to know". "to make known, recognize", "to inform, proclaim"
- Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
- Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages.
وصلات خارجية
- Photo, EA 245: Obverse
- Photo, EA 245: Reverse
- Line Drawing, EA 245: Obverse & Reverse, CDLI no. P270957 (Chicago Digital Library Initiative)
- CDLI listing for all EA Amarna letters, 1-382