رمزي كلارك

رمزي كلارك
Ramsey Clark
Ramsey Clark at the White House, 28 Feb 1968.jpg
رمزي كلارك
66th المدعي العام للولايات المتحدة
في المنصب
March 10, 1967 – January 20, 1969
الرئيسLyndon B. Johnson
سبقهNicholas deB. Katzenbach
خلـَفهJohn N. Mitchell
6th United States Deputy Attorney General
في المنصب
January 28, 1965 – March 10, 1967
الرئيسLyndon B. Johnson
سبقهNicholas deB. Katzenbach
خلـَفهوارن كرستوفر
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
William Ramsey Clark

18 ديسمبر 1927
دالاس ، تكساس
توفيأبريل 9, 2021(2021-04-09) (aged 93)
New York City, U.S.
الحزبDemocratic
الزوجGeorgia Welch Clark
(m. 1949 - 2010, her death)[1]
الأنجالRonda Kathleen Clark
Tom Campbell Clark, II
الوالدانThomas Campbell Clark
Mary Jane Ramsey Clark
المدرسة الأمUniversity of Texas (B.A.)
University of Chicago (M.A., J.D.)
الخدمة العسكرية
الفرع/الخدمةUnited States Marine Corps
سنوات الخدمة1945-1946

رمزي كلارك إنگليزية: William Ramsey Clark، عضو الحزب الديمقراطي، وزير العدل الأمريكي الأسبق (في عهد حكومة ليندون جونسون) ونشط سياسي وحقوقي. رشح لنيل جائزة غاندي للسلام. A progressive, New Frontier liberal,[2] he occupied senior positions in the United States Department of Justice under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, serving as United States Attorney General from 1967 to 1969; previously, he was Deputy Attorney General from 1965 to 1967 and Assistant Attorney General from 1961 to 1965.

As attorney general, Clark was known for his vigorous opposition to the death penalty, aggressive support of civil liberties and civil rights, and dedication to enforcing United States antitrust laws.[3] Clark supervised the drafting of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and Civil Rights Act of 1968.

After leaving public office, Clark led many progressive activism campaigns, including opposition to the War on Terror. He offered advice or legal defense to such prominent figures as Charles Taylor, Slobodan Milošević, Saddam Hussein, Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, and Lyndon LaRouche.[4] He was the last surviving Cabinet member of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration.[5]

النشأة والسيرة

Clark was born in Dallas, Texas, on December 18, 1927,[6] the son of jurist Tom C. Clark and his wife Mary Jane (née Ramsey). Clark's father served as United States Attorney General from 1945 to 1949 under President Harry S. Truman and then became a Supreme Court Justice in August 1949.[7] His maternal grandfather was William Franklin Ramsey, who served on the Supreme Court of Texas,[8][9] while his paternal grandfather, lawyer William Henry Clark, was president of the Texas Bar Association.[8]

Clark attended Woodrow Wilson High School in Washington, D.C., but dropped out at the age of 17 in order to join the United States Marine Corps, seeing action in Western Europe in the final months of World War II;[8] he served until 1946. Back in the U.S., he earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Texas at Austin in 1949, and obtained a Master of Arts in American history from the University of Chicago and a Juris Doctor from the University of Chicago Law School in 1950 and 1951, respectively.[10] While at the University of Texas, he was a member of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity.[11]

He was admitted to the Texas bar in 1950, and was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1956. From 1951 to 1961, Clark practiced law as an associate and partner at his father's Texas law firm, Clark, Reed and Clark.[12]

إدارتا كندي وجونسون

المدعي العام كلارك والرئيس ليندون جونسون في 1967.

In the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, Clark occupied senior positions in the Justice Department; he was Assistant Attorney General, overseeing the department's Lands Division from 1961 to 1965, and then served as Deputy Attorney General from 1965 to 1967.[13]

In 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated him to be Attorney General of the United States. He was confirmed by the Senate and took the oath of office on March 2. Clark was one of Johnson's popular and successful cabinet appointments, being described as "able, independent, liberal and soft-spoken" and a symbol of the New Frontier liberals;[2] he had also built a successful record, especially in his management of the Justice Department's Lands Division; he had increased the efficiency of his division and had saved enough money from his budget so that he had asked Congress to reduce the budget by $200,000 annually.[2]

However, there also was speculation that one of the reasons that contributed to Johnson's making the appointment was the expectation that Clark's father, Associate Justice Tom C. Clark, would resign from the Supreme Court to avoid a conflict of interest.[14] Johnson wanted a vacancy to be created on the Court so he could appoint Thurgood Marshall, the first African American justice. The elder Clark assumed senior status on June 12, 1967, effectively resigning from the Supreme Court and creating the vacancy Johnson apparently desired.[15]

During his years at the Justice Department, Clark played an important role in the history of the civil rights movement. He:

As attorney general during part of the Vietnam War, Clark oversaw the prosecution of the Boston Five for "conspiracy to aid and abet draft resistance." Four of the five were convicted, including pediatrician Dr. Benjamin Spock and Yale chaplain William Sloane Coffin Jr.,[16] but in later years, Clark expressed his regret at the prosecution's victory: "We won the case, that was the worst part."[17]

Clark served as the attorney general until Johnson's term as president ended on January 20, 1969.[18] Because of Richard Nixon's attacks on Clark's liberal record during the 1968 presidential election campaign and ultimate narrow victory over Hubert H. Humphrey, relations between Johnson and Clark soured and, by inauguration day, they were no longer on speaking terms.[16]

In addition to his government work, during this period Clark was also director of the American Judicature Society (in 1963) and national president of the Federal Bar Association in 1964–65.[18]

الناشط العالمي

رامزي كلارك يزور نانديگرام، الهند. نوفمبر 2007
Ramsey Clark speaks to the March 20, 2010, anti-war protest in Washington, D.C.


محاكمة صدام

شارك رمزي كلارك في فريق الدفاع عن صدام حسين

رمزي كلارك والمحاكمة العسكرية التاسعة للإخوان المسلمين في مصر

حاول رمزي كلارك حضور جلستين في المحاكمة العسكرية التاسعة للإخوان المسلمين بوصفه مراقباً حقوقياً ومحامياً، إلا أن سلطات الأمن المصرية رفضت السماح له بحضور الجلستين وعملت علي مراقبة تحركاته الإعلامية والسياسية في مصر.

عقد رمزي كلارك مؤتمر صحفي أعرب فيه عن استنكاره واستغرابه مما حدث مندداً بسياسات الحكومة المصرية فيما يختص بحقوق الإنسان، ومحاكمة المدنيين أمام محاكم عسكرية

قال عن المحاكمة العسكرية التاسعة للإخوان المسلمين

«« لقد منعت من حضور جلستين من جلسات المحاكمة العسكرية كما احتجزت في مطار القاهرة لمدة ثلاث ساعات وهذا أمر محرج للحكومة المصرية بلا شك لأنني سافرت لدول في خمس قارات من قبل، لأراقب محاكمات سياسية فيها، ولم أمنع من حضور المحاكمات أو الدخول للبلاد
  • إن منع المراقبين من مراقبة الجلسات يخالف معايير المحاكمة العادلة فلا بد أن تكون المحاكمة علنية ومحايدة، وأطالب السلطات المصرية أن تفي بالعهود والمواثيق التي وقعت عليها عام 1984 والتي وقَّعت عليها ضمن مواثيق حقوق الإنسان وهذه العهود تتضمن حق أي مواطن في الحصول على محاكمة عادلة مستقلة محايدة
  • إن هذه القضية سياسية وليست قانونية لأنها تأتى بهدف منع الإخوان من التواصل وتقديم الخدمات للمجتمع وهنا لابد ألا يفوتني أن ابدي اندهاشي من وجود 9 من أساتذة الجامعات ضمن القضية، أساتذة الجامعة مكانهم الجامعة وليس السجون!
  • أعرف أن الرئيس مبارك هو الذي أمر بتحويل هذه القضية للقضاء العسكري وسير القضية يظهر لنا الطريق الذي تمشى فيه الحكومة والمؤسسات في مصر فالعالم الآن يعتبر مصر دكتاتورية عسكرية يأتي إليها حاكم مستبد تلو الآخر ليحكمها
  • لن يفوتني أيضا أن أبدى إعجابي بتماسك وشجاعة أسر المحالين للمحاكمة العسكرية، لقد جلست معهم لساعات ورأيت المعاناة والفراغ لغياب أحبابهم وآبائهم» (من تقرير المعارضة المستباحة)»

المنادة بإدانة جورج دبليو بوش

VoteToImpeach
تأسست2002
انحلتJan. 20, 2009, converted to IndictBushNow.org
النوعPolitical advocacy
التركيزImpeachment of Bush Administration members
الموقع
منطقة الخدمة
United States
الأعضاء
reported over 1,000,000 signatories[بحاجة لمصدر]
الأشخاص البارزون
Ramsey Clark (founder)
الموقع الإلكترونيhttp://www.IndictBushNow.org

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ "Deaths CLARK, GEORGIA WELCH". NYTimes.com. July 6, 2010. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
  2. ^ أ ب ت "New Atty. General Is Liberal, Soft-Spoken Worker". Jet. Vol. 32, no. 9. Johnson Publishing. June 8, 1967. p. 10. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  3. ^ Dewhirst, Robert E. (January 1, 2009). "Clark, Ramsey". In Genovese, Michael A. (ed.). Encyclopedia of the American Presidency. Facts on File. pp. 93–94. ISBN 9781438126388. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  4. ^ أ ب McCool, Grant (April 11, 2021). "Ramsey Clark, former U.S. attorney general and human rights activist, dead at 93". Reuters. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
  5. ^ Wildstein, David (February 7, 2021). "3 of 12 living ex-U.S. cabinet secretaries over 90 are from New Jersey". New Jersey Globe. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
  6. ^ "Ramsey Clark (1967–1969)". Miller Center. October 4, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
  7. ^ "Ancestry of Ramsey Clark". www.wargs.com.
  8. ^ أ ب ت "Ramsey Clark". www.justice.gov. April 13, 2015. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
  9. ^ Supreme Court Justice Tom C. Clark, A Life of Service by Mimi Clark Gronlund, Ramsey Clark, pg. 21
  10. ^ "Diverse Notable Alumni – Diversity & Inclusion". diversity.uchicago.edu.
  11. ^ The Rainbow, vol. 132, no. 2, p. 10.
  12. ^ "USDOJ: Environment and Natural Resources Division 100th Anniversary : Ramsey Clark". September 1, 2009. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009.
  13. ^ "Ramsey Clark". www.justice.gov. April 13, 2015. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
  14. ^ Time Magazine, "The Ramsey Clark Issue", October 18, 1968
  15. ^ "Clark, Tom C." Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
  16. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة NYT Obit
  17. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Guardian Obit
  18. ^ أ ب "Attorney General William Ramsey Clark". United States Department of Justice: Office of the Attorney General. October 23, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2021.

للاستزادة

  • Wohl, Alexander. Father, Son, and Constitution: How Justice Tom Clark and Attorney General Ramsey Clark Shaped American Democracy (University Press of Kansas, 2013) 486 pp.

وصلات خارجية

Wikiquote-logo.svg اقرأ اقتباسات ذات علاقة برمزي كلارك، في معرفة الاقتباس.
مناصب قانونية
سبقه
Nicholas deB. Katzenbach 		نائب المدعي العام للولايات المتحدة
1965–1967 		تبعه
وارن كرستوفر
سبقه
Nicholas deB. Katzenbach 		المدعي العام الولايات المتحدة
خدم في عهد: ليندون جونسون
1967–1969 		تبعه
John N. Mitchell
مناصب حزبية
سبقه
Paul O'Dwyer 		Democratic Nominee for U.S. Senate from New York (Class 3)
1974 		تبعه
Elizabeth Holtzman
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