كبريتيد النحاس الأحادي

كبريتيد النحاس الأحادي
الأسماء
	اسم أيوپاك Copper(I) sulfide
	أسماء أخرى Cuprous sulfide; Chalcocite; Copper glance
المُعرِّفات
رقم CAS
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:51114 ;
ChemSpider	8305611 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.040.751
PubChem CID	62755;
رقم RTECS	GL8910000;
UNII	349M3C1RS1 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0041804 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2Cu.S/q2+1;-2 Key: AQMRBJNRFUQADD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/2Cu.S/q2+1;-2 Key: AQMRBJNRFUQADD-UHFFFAOYAN;
	SMILES [Cu+].[Cu+].[S-2];
الخصائص
الصيغة الجزيئية	Cu; 2S
كتلة مولية	159.16 g/mol
الكثافة	5.6 g/cm3[صفحة مطلوبة]
نقطة الانصهار
قابلية الذوبان في الماء	insoluble[بحاجة لمصدر]
قابلية الذوبان في hydrochloric acid	slightly soluble[بحاجة لمصدر][كمية]
قابلية الذوبان في ammonium hydroxide	soluble[بحاجة لمصدر][كمية]
المخاطر
صفحة بيانات السلامة	Sigma-Aldrich
NFPA 704 (معيـَّن النار)	0 0
نقطة الوميض	Nonflammable
	حدود التعرض الصحية بالولايات المتحدة (NIOSH):
PEL (المسموح)	TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)
REL (الموصى به)	TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)
IDLH (خطر عاجل)	TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)
مركبات ذا علاقة
أنيونات أخرى	Copper(I) oxide; Copper(I) selenide;
كاتيونات أخرى	Nickel(II) sulfide; Copper(II) sulfide; Zinc sulfide;
	ما لم يُذكر غير ذلك، البيانات المعطاة للمواد في حالاتهم العيارية (عند 25 °س [77 °ف]، 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	مراجع الجدول

Copper(I) sulfide is a copper sulfide, a chemical compound of copper and sulfur. It has the chemical formula of Cu
2S. It is found in nature as the mineral chalcocite. It has a narrow range of stoichiometry ranging from Cu
1.997S to Cu
2.000S.^[5] Samples are typically black.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

التحضير والتفاعلات

Cu
2S can be prepared by treating copper with sulfur or H
2S.^[6] The rate depends on the particle size and temperature.^[7] Cu
2S reacts with oxygen to form SO
2:^[8]^{[صفحة مطلوبة]}

2 Cu
2S + 3 O
2 → 2 Cu
2O + 2 SO
2

The production of copper from chalcocite is a typical process in extracting the metal from ores. Usually, the conversion involves roasting, to give Cu
2O as an intermediate which is further reduced to the metal, and sulfur dioxide:^[8]^{[صفحة مطلوبة]}

Cu
2S + O
2 → 2 Cu + SO
2

Copper(I) oxide readily converts to copper(II) oxide when heated in the presence of oxygen, and to copper metal upon heating in a reducing environment. (cf. Carbothermic reduction)

البنية

Crystals of chalcocite (mineral form of Cu₂S).

اتحادية العناصر

Two forms (a dimorphism) of Cu
2S are known. The so-called low temperature monoclinic form ("low-chalcocite") has a complex structure with 96 copper atoms in the unit cell.^[9] The hexagonal form, stable above 104 °C (219 °F),^[10]^{[صفحة مطلوبة]} has 24 crystallographically distinct Cu atoms. Its structure has been described as approximating to a hexagonal close packed array of sulfur atoms with Cu atoms in planar 3 coordination. This structure was initially assigned an orthorhombic cell due to the twinning of the sample crystal.

عدم اتحادية العناصر

As illustrated by the mineral djurleite, a cuprous sulfide is also known.^{[مطلوب توضيح]} With the approximate formula Cu
1.96S, this material is non-stoichiometric (range Cu
1.934S-Cu
1.965S and has a monoclinic structure with 248 copper and 128 sulfur atoms in the unit cell.^[9] Cu
2S and Cu
1.96S are similar in appearance and hard to distinguish one from another.^[11]

الانتقال بين الأطوار

The electrical resistivity increases abruptly at the phase transition point around 104 °C (219 °F), with the precise temperature depending on the stoichiometry.^[12]^[13]

انظر أيضاً

كبريتيد النحاس for an overview of all copper sulfide phases
أحادي كبريتيد النحاس، CuS
كالكوسيت
Djurleite
LK-99 - مركب قـُيـِّم في 2023 لاحتمال موصلية فائقة

المراجع

^ Patnaik, Pradyot (2003). Handbook of inorganic chemicals. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.
^ "Copper (I) sulfite, SDS". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
^ Sigma-Aldrich Co., Copper(I) sulfide. Retrieved on 18-07-2025.
^ "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards".
^ Potter, R. W. (1977). "An electrochemical investigation of the system copper-sulfur". Economic Geology. 72 (8): 1524–1542. Bibcode:1977EcGeo..72.1524P. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.72.8.1524.
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Greenwood
^ Blachnik R., Müller A. (2000). "The formation of Cu₂S from the elements I. Copper used in form of powders". Thermochimica Acta. 361: 31. doi:10.1016/S0040-6031(00)00545-1.
^ ^أ ^ب Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, A. F. (2001). Inorganic chemistry (1st English ed.). San Diego : Berlin ; New York: Academic Press ; De Gruyter. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
^ ^أ ^ب Evans, H. T. (1979). "Djurleite (Cu_1.94S) and Low Chalcocite (Cu₂S): New Crystal Structure Studies". Science. 203 (4378): 356–8. Bibcode:1979Sci...203..356E. doi:10.1126/science.203.4378.356. PMID 17772445. S2CID 6132717.
^ Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural inorganic chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford [Oxfordshire] : New York: Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
^ Evans H.T. (1981). "Copper coordination in low chalcocite and djurleite and other copper-rich sulfides" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 66 (7–8): 807–818.
^ Garisto, Dan (2023-08-16). "LK-99 isn't a superconductor — how science sleuths solved the mystery". Nature (in الإنجليزية). 620 (7975): 705–706. Bibcode:2023Natur.620..705G. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-02585-7. PMID 37587284. S2CID 260955242.
^ Jain, Prashant K. "Phase transition of copper (I) sulfide and its implication for purported superconductivity of LK-99." arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.05222 (2023).

?

[1] Patnaik, Pradyot (2003). Handbook of inorganic chemicals. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.

[2] "Copper (I) sulfite, SDS". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 18 July 2025.

[3] Sigma-Aldrich Co., Copper(I) sulfide. Retrieved on 18-07-2025.

[4] "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards".

[5] Potter, R. W. (1977). "An electrochemical investigation of the system copper-sulfur". Economic Geology. 72 (8): 1524–1542. Bibcode:1977EcGeo..72.1524P. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.72.8.1524.

[Greenwood-6] خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Greenwood

[7] Blachnik R., Müller A. (2000). "The formation of Cu₂S from the elements I. Copper used in form of powders". Thermochimica Acta. 361: 31. doi:10.1016/S0040-6031(00)00545-1.

[Wiberg&Holleman-8] أ ^ب Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, A. F. (2001). Inorganic chemistry (1st English ed.). San Diego : Berlin ; New York: Academic Press ; De Gruyter. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

[evans-9] أ ^ب Evans, H. T. (1979). "Djurleite (Cu_1.94S) and Low Chalcocite (Cu₂S): New Crystal Structure Studies". Science. 203 (4378): 356–8. Bibcode:1979Sci...203..356E. doi:10.1126/science.203.4378.356. PMID 17772445. S2CID 6132717.

[Wells-10] Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural inorganic chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford [Oxfordshire] : New York: Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.

[11] Evans H.T. (1981). "Copper coordination in low chalcocite and djurleite and other copper-rich sulfides" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 66 (7–8): 807–818.

[12] Garisto, Dan (2023-08-16). "LK-99 isn't a superconductor — how science sleuths solved the mystery". Nature (in الإنجليزية). 620 (7975): 705–706. Bibcode:2023Natur.620..705G. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-02585-7. PMID 37587284. S2CID 260955242.

[13] Jain, Prashant K. "Phase transition of copper (I) sulfide and its implication for purported superconductivity of LK-99." arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.05222 (2023).

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