كركدنيات Rhinocerotoidea

Rhinocerotoids
Temporal range: 56–0 Ma
Latest Paleocene-Present
Rhino collage.png
Rhinoceroses, a type of rhinocerotoid
Палеонтологический музей Орлова (20221008151051).jpg
Skeleton of Paraceratherium (Paraceratheriidae)
التصنيف العلمي e
أصنوفة غير معروفة (أصلحها): الحياة
مملكة: الحيوانية
Phylum: حبليات
Class: الثدييات
تحت رتبة: قرنيات الشكل
فوق فصيلة: Rhinocerotoidea
Gray, 1821
Unrecognised rank: Unrecognised rank: فوق فصيلة fix fix

Rhinocerotoidea is a superfamily of perissodactyls that appeared 56 million years ago in the Paleocene. They included four extinct families, the Amynodontidae, the Hyracodontidae, the Paraceratheriidae, and the Eggysodontidae. The only extant family is the Rhinocerotidae (true rhinoceroses), which survives as five living species. Extinct non-rhinocerotid members of the group are sometimes considered rhinoceroses in a broad sense. Although the term 'rhinoceroses' is sometimes used to refer to all of these, a less ambiguous vernacular term for this group is 'rhinocerotoids'. The family Paraceratheriidae contains the largest land mammals known to have ever existed.[1]

التصنيف

The cladogram below follows a phylogenetic analysis by Bai et al. (2020):[2]

Rhinocerotoidea

Indolophus

Breviodon

Fouchia

Minchenoletes

Triplopus cubitalus

Yimengia

Rhinocerotoidea

Hyrachyus

Uintaceras

Teletaceras

Selenaletes

Triplopus? youjingensis

Hyracodontidae

Ephyrachyus

Prohyracodon

Ardynia

Hyracodon

Epitriplopus

Triplopides

Forstercooperiidae

Forstercooperia

Gobicerops

Pappaceras

Amynodontidae

Caenolophus

Proeggysodon

Rostriamynodon

Sharamynodon

Amynodon

Cadurcodon

Metamynodon

Paramynodon

Eggysodon

Paraceratheriidae

Juxia

Paraceratherium

Urtinotherium

Rhinocerotidae

Trigonias

Subhyracodon

Menoceras

Rhinoceros

(sensu stricto)
(sensu lato)

References

  1. ^ Deng, T.; Lu, X.; Wang, S.; Flynn, L. J.; Sun, D.; He, W.; Chen, S. (2021). "An Oligocene giant rhino provides insights into Paraceratherium evolution". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 639. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02170-6. PMC 8211792. PMID 34140631.
  2. ^ Bai, B.; Meng, J.; Zhang, C.; Gong, Y.-X.; Wang, Y.-Q. (2020). "The origin of Rhinocerotoidea and phylogeny of Ceratomorpha (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)". Communications Biology. 3 (1): 509. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01205-8. PMC 7490376. PMID 32929169.

قالب:Perissodactyla Genera