لغة خميرية

Khmer
Cambodian
ភាសាខ្មែរ
النطقIPA: [pʰiːəsaː kʰmaːe]
موطنهاCambodia, Vietnam, تايلند
العرقKhmer, Northern Khmer
الناطقون الأصليون
16 million (2007)ne2007
اللهجات
Khmer script (abugida)
Khmer Braille
الوضع الرسمي
لغة رسمية في
كمبوديا
أكواد اللغات
ISO 639-2khm
ISO 639-2khm
ISO 639-3Either:
khm – Central Khmer
kxm – Northern Khmer
Glottologkhme1253
هذه المقالة تحتوي نص خميري. بدون دعم إظهار مناسب، فقد تشاهد علامات استفهام أو مربعات أو رموز أخرى بدلاً من كتابة الخمير.

اللغة الخميرية ( []kmɛər[][1] وتسمى خميرية واللغة الكمبودية) هي لغة الكهميريون في دولة كمبوديا، وهي إحدى اللغات الرئيسية من عائلة أستروآسيوية. تأثرت اللغة بالسنسكريتية والپالي عبر الديانات البوذية والهندية، وتأثرت أيضاً من اللغات اللاو والتاي بسبب القرب الجغرافي إليهم.

التوزيع الجغرافي واللهجات

Approximate locations where various dialects of Khmer are spoken

الفترات التاريخية

A stone carved in Middle Khmer


A wax sculpture of Chuon Nath, the conservator of the modern Khmer language، في القرية الثقافية الكمبودية
المراحل التاريخية للخمير
المرحلة التاريخية التاريخ
Pre- or Proto-Khmer Before 600 CE
Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer 600–800 CE
Angkorian Old Khmer 800 to mid-1300s
Middle Khmer Mid-1300s to 1700s
Modern Khmer 1800–present

الحروف المتحركة

Monophthongs of Khmer[2]
Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close [] [] [] [] [] []
Close-mid [] [] [] [] [] []
Open-mid [] []
Open [] [] [] []
Diphthongs of Khmer[2]
Long diphthongs [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
Short diphthongs [] [] []


بنية المقاطع

[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] t+h k+h t+r k+r
[] []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []-
[] []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []-
[] []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []-
[] []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []-
[] []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- str- skr-
[] []-
[] []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []-
[] []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []- []-

الأرقام

0 ០ សូន្យ []
1 ១ មួយ []
2 ២ ពីរ [] 20 ២០ ម្ភៃ []
3 ៣ បី [] 30 ៣០ សាមសិប []
4 ៤ បួន [] 40 ៤០ សែសិប []
5 ៥ ប្រាំ [] 50 ៥០ ហាសិប []
6 ៦ ប្រាំមូយ [] 60 ៦០ ហុកសិប []
7 ៧ ប្រាំពីរ [], [] 70 ៧០ ចិតសិប []
8 ៨ ប្រាំបី [] 80 ៨០ ប៉ែតសិប []
9 ៩ ប្រាំបួន [] 90 ៩០ កៅសិប []
10 ១០ ដប់ [] 100 ១០០ មួយរយ []

السجلات الاجتماعية

Situational usage I/me you he/she/it
Intimate or addressing an inferior អញ [] ឯង [] វា []
neutral ខ្ញុំ [] អ្នក [] គេ []
Formal យើងខ្ញុំ or
ខ្ញុំបាទ 		[]
[] 		លោក
(or kinship term, title or rank) 		[] គាត់ []
Layperson to/about Buddhist clergy ខ្ញុំព្រះករុណា [] ព្រះតេជព្រះគុណ [] ព្រអង្គ []
Buddhist clergy to layperson អាត្មា or
អាចក្តី 		[]
[] 		ញោមស្រី (to female)
ញោមប្រុស (to male) 		[]
[] 		ឧបាសក (to male)
ឧបាសិកា (to female) 		[]
[]
when addressing royalty ខ្ញុំព្រះបាទអម្ចាស់ or ទូលបង្គុំ (male), ខ្ញុំម្ចាស់ (female) [] ព្រះករុណា [] ទ្រង់ []

نظام الكتابة

المقالة الرئيسية: الكتابة الخميرية
An example of modern Khmer script في السفارة الكمبودية في برلين


ត + ា = តា [] 'grandfather'
ទ + ា = ទា [] 'duck'

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "Khmer".
  2. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة HUFF

للاستزادة

  • Ferlus, Michel. (1992). Essai de phonétique historique du khmer (Du milieu du premier millénaire de notre ère à l'époque actuelle)", Mon–Khmer Studies XXI: 57-89)
  • Headley, Robert and others. (1977). Cambodian-English Dictionary. Washington, Catholic University Press. ISBN 0-8132-0509-3
  • Herington, Jennifer and Amy Ryan. (2013). Sociolinguistic Survey of the Khmer Khe in Cambodia. Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University.
  • Huffman, F. E., Promchan, C., & Lambert, C.-R. T. (1970). Modern spoken Cambodian. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01315-9
  • Huffman, F. E., Lambert, C.-R. T., & Im Proum. (1970). Cambodian system of writing and beginning reader with drills and glossary. Yale linguistic series. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01199-7
  • Jacob, Judith. 1974. A Concise Cambodian-English Dictionary. London, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-713574-9
  • Jacob, J. M. (1996). The traditional literature of Cambodia: a preliminary guide. London oriental series, v. 40. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-713612-5
  • Jacob, J. M., & Smyth, D. (1993). Cambodian linguistics, literature and history: collected articles. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. ISBN 0-7286-0218-0
  • Keesee, A. P. K. (1996). An English-spoken Khmer dictionary: with romanized writing system, usage, and indioms, and notes on Khmer speech and grammar. London: Kegan Paul International. ISBN 0-7103-0514-1
  • Meechan, M. (1992). Register in Khmer the laryngeal specification of pharyngeal expansion. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. ISBN 0-315-75016-2
  • Sak-Humphry, C. (2002). Communicating in Khmer: an interactive intermediate level Khmer course. Manoa, Hawai'i: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, School of Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. OCLC: 56840636
  • Smyth, D. (1995). Colloquial Cambodian: a complete language course. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10006-2
  • Stewart, F., & May, S. (2004). In the shadow of Angkor: contemporary writing from Cambodia. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-2849-6
  • Tonkin, D. (1991). The Cambodian alphabet: how to write the Khmer language. Bangkok: Trasvin Publications. ISBN 974-88670-2-1

وصلات خارجية

Wikipedia
لغة خميرية edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Khmer phrasebook.

قالب:Languages of Cambodia قالب:Languages of Thailand قالب:Languages of Vietnam قالب:Austroasiatic languages

الكلمات الدالة:
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