ماركوس أنطونيوس (الخطيب)

ماركوس أنطونيوس
Marcus Antonius
وُلِدَ	143 BC
توفي	87 ق.م. (عن عمر 55–56)
القومية	v,lhkd
المنصب	Consul (99 BC)
الأنجال	Marcus Antonius Creticus Gaius Antonius Hybrida أنطونيا

ماركوس أنطونيوس (143–87 ق.م.) كان سياسياً رومانياً من عائلة أنطونيوس وأحد ألمع الخطباء الرومان في عصره. كما كان جد الجنرال الشهير وأحد مؤسسي الحكم الثلاثي الثاني، مارك أنطونيو.

 السيرة

His cursus honorum begins with the quaestorship in 113 BC and an incident involving the Vestals, and in 102 Antonius was elected praetor with proconsular powers for the Roman province of Cilicia. During his term, Antonius fought the pirates with such success that the Senate voted a naval triumph in his honor. He was then elected consul in 99, together with Aulus Postumius Albinus, and in 97, he was elected censor. He held a command in the Social War in 90. During the civil war between Cinna and Octavius, Antonius supported the latter. This cost him his life; Gaius Marius and Cinna executed him when they obtained possession of Rome in 87.

Throughout Antonius' political career, he continued to appear as a mediative defender or an accuser in Roman courts of law. Antonius' modern reputation for eloquence derives from the authority of Cicero, since none of his speeches survive. He is one of the chief speakers in Cicero's De Oratore.

 العائلة

Antonius had two sons, Marcus Antonius Creticus and Gaius Antonius Hybrida, and a daughter, Antonia. Marcus Antonius Creticus was the father of the triumvir Mark Antony.

In 100 Antonius obtained a triumph, because he had fought successfully against the Cilician pirates. Sometime later, his daughter Antonia was kidnapped by the pirates from his villa near Misenum and was only released after the payment of a large ransom.

 الوفاة

In the biography of Gaius Marius in Plutarch's Parallel Lives, it is described that Marcus Antonius went to visit a humble plebeian who, to make his distinguished guest feel at home, sent a slave to a nearby innkeeper to get some wine. When the innkeeper asked why he was buying such an expensive wine, the slave naively told the innkeeper that Marcus Antonius was visiting his master's house. When the slave left, this innkeeper went to tell Marius.

It is said that on hearing the news during a meal that Marius applauded with joy and almost went to the house in person; however, he sent Annius with a group of men to bring back the head of Marcus Antonius. When the men reached the house, Annius waited outside while his armed men went in. When they found Antonius he began to plead for his life and the armed men found him so bewitching and charismatic that they hung their heads and wept. Finally Annius entered the room. Hurling curses at his men, he finally strode across the room and cut off the orator's head.

 المراجع

 الإسناد

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Antonius" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 2 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); endnotes:

• Marcus Velleius Paterculus ii. 22
• Appian, Bell. Civ. i. 72
• Dio Cassius xlv. 47
• Plutarch, Marius, 44
• Cicero, Orator, 5, Brutus, 37
• Quintilian, Instit. iii. 1, 19
• O. Enderlein, De M. Antonio oratore (Leipzig, 1882)

 وصلات خارجية

• Details of the paternal ancestors of Antonius can be found in the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Volume 1, pages 213^[Usurped!] and 214^[Usurped!].

مناصب سياسية
سبقه گايوس ماريوس Lucius Valerius Flaccus	قنصل روماني 99 BC مع: Aulus Postumius Albinus	تبعه Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos تيتوس ديديوس
سبقه Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus Gaius Caecilius Metellus Caprarius	Roman censor 97–96 BC مع: Lucius Valerius Flaccus	تبعه Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus Lucius Licinius Crassus