متحف الطيران والفضاء الوطني
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![]() Ad Astra sculpture at the museum entrance on the National Mall | |
الاسم السابق | National Air Museum |
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تأسس | 1946 |
الموقع | Washington, D.C. |
الإحداثيات | 38°53′18″N 77°01′12″W / 38.88833°N 77.02000°W |
النوع | Aviation museum |
الزوار | 3.1 million visitors (2023)[1] |
المدير | Chris Browne |
أمين المتحف | Peter Jakab |
المواصلات العامة | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
الموقع الإلكتروني | https://airandspace.si.edu |
متحف الطيران والفضاء الوطني [National Air and Space Museum] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help) هو متحف في واشنطن تابع لمؤسسة سميثسونيان، وهو المتحف الأكثر شعبية منها. فيه أكبر عدد من الطائرات والمركبات الفضائية في العالم.[بحاجة لمصدر] وهو أيضا مركز حيوي للبحث في تاريخ وعلوم وتقنيات الطيران والطيران الفضائي، بالإضافة إلى علوم الكواكب والجيولوجيا والجيوفيزياء. معظم المراكب المعروضة هي مراكب أصلية.
يقع المتحف في منتزه ناشونال مول.
أرادت مؤسسة سميثسونيان أن يكون مبنى مثيرا للإعجاب معماريا، ولكن دون أن يطغى على مبنى الكابيتول. صمم المهندس غيو أوباتا من مكتب هيلموث وأوباتا وكاساباوم في سانت لويس المتحف، وهو عبارة عن أربع مكعبات بسيطة مكسوة بالرخام، تحتوي على العروض الصغيرة والمسرحية، وهي ممتصلة فيما بينها بثلاثة أروقة كبيرة من الفولاذ والزجاج التي تحتوي على المعروضات الأكبر حجما، كالصواريخ والطائرات ومركبات الفضاء. وهو يتساوى في التوزيع المعماري للمعرض الوطني للفنون المقابل له، كما ويستخدم ذات الرخام من تينيسي.[2] أشرفت شركة جيلبين على بناء المتحف، وأكملت بناءه عام 1976. يستخدم الحائط الزجاجي الغربي لتركيب الطائرات، ويعمل بمثابة باب زجاجي ضخم.[3]
تدور بعض أحداث الفيلم ليلة في المتحف:معركة سميثسونيان في متحف الطيران والفضاء الوطني. ويزور المتحف أكثر من 6 ملايين شخص سنويا.
المديرون
Carl W. Mitman was the first head of the museum, under the title of Assistant to the Secretary for the National Air Museum, heading the museum from 1946 until his retirement from the Smithsonian in 1952.[4]
Directors have included:
- Philip S. Hopkins, 1958–1964[4]
- S. Paul Johnston, 1964–1969[4]
- Frank A. Taylor (acting), 1969–1971[4]
- Michael Collins, 1971–1978,[5]
- Melvin B. Zisfein (acting), 1978–1979[5]
- Noel W. Hinners, 1979–1982[5]
- Walter J. Boyne, (acting 1982–1983) director 1983–1986[5]
- James C. Tyler (acting), 1986–1987[5]
- Martin O. Harwit, 1987–1995[5]
- Donald D. Engen, 1996–1999[6]
- John R. Dailey, 2000–2018[6][7]
- Ellen Stofan, 2018–2020[8]
- Christopher U. Browne, (acting 2020–2022) director 2022–present
معرض صور
The main museum on the mall includes 61 aircraft, 51 large space artifacts, over 2,000 smaller items as of June 1, 2007.[9]
Apollo Lunar Module LM-2, which was used for ground testing the spacecraft
Apollo 15 mission: space suit worn on the Moon by David Scott in 1971
Apollo–Soyuz Test Project Display
Breitling Orbiter 3, first non-stop balloon circumnavigation of Earth (1999).
25-foot-long model of the LZ 129 Hindenburg used in the 1975 film The Hindenburg
Lockheed U-2 and a spacecraft
Mercury Friendship 7 spacecraft, first crewed American earth orbiter, 1962
Missiles: Soviet SS-20 and U.S. Pershing II
SpaceShipOne, first private space ship to carry a human crew (2004)
مرصد "فيبي واترمان هاس" العمومي
The Phoebe Waterman Haas Public Observatory opened its doors to the public in 2009 as part of the celebration of the International Year of Astronomy. It has a 16-inch Boller & Chivens telescope, a Sun Gun Telescope and hydrogen-alpha (red light, to see the chromosphere) and calcium-K (purple light) telescopes. The observatory opens to public from Wednesdays through Sundays from noon to 3 P.M. and is open about once a month at night time.
البرامج العامة
In 2014, the museum began a television show for middle school students, called STEM in 30. The show teaches students science, technology, engineering, math, art and history through artifacts at the museum and special guests from air and space history. The show is currently in its seventh season. The museum also has regular programs called What's New in Aerospace that feature special guests.
زمالات
The museum has four research fellowships: Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History (also known as the Lindbergh Chair,) the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Fellowship, the Verville Fellowship, and the Postdoctoral Earth and Planetary Sciences Fellowship.[10] The Lindbergh Chair is a one-year senior fellowship to assist a scholar in the research and composition of a book about aerospace history. Announced in 1977 at the 50th anniversary of Lindbergh's famous solo flight,[11] 1978 was the first year that the Lindbergh Chair was occupied—British aviation historian Charles Harvard Gibbs-Smith was selected as the first recipient.[12]
انظر أيضاً
- Continuum a sculpture that sits on the south side of the building entrance.
- Delta Solar a sculpture that sits on the west side of the building.
- List of most-visited museums in the United States
- List of aerospace museums
- National Air and Space Museum Film Archive
- RKK Energiya museum, the museum's equivalent in Russia
- Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics
- Architecture of Washington, D.C.
ملاحظات
مصادر
- Henderson, Mary. Star Wars: The Magic of Myth. Companion volume to the exhibition at the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. New York: Bantam, 1997.
مصادر
- ^ List of most-visited museums in the United States, March 2024
- ^ Buildings of the District of Columbia.
{{cite book}}
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A Guide to Smithsonian Architecture.
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(help) - ^ أ ب ت ث Finding Aids to Official Records of the Smithsonian Institution, Record Unit 330: Series 1 Archived ديسمبر 7, 2008 at the Wayback Machine, National Air and Space Museum, Records, 1912–1971
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Finding Aids to Official Records of the Smithsonian Institution, Record Unit 338 Archived ديسمبر 7, 2008 at the Wayback Machine, National Air and Space Museum, Records, circa 1972–1989
- ^ أ ب "National Air and Space Museum, Office of the Director - Agency History". Siarchives.si.edu. August 29, 2002. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ "Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum Director Announces Retirement". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Smithsonian Institution. September 20, 2017. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
- ^ Browne, Christopher U. (April 6, 2018). "Welcoming Our New Director, Dr. Ellen Stofan". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on March 23, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
- ^ "Building on the National Mall Fact Sheet". National Air and Space Museum. The Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
- ^ "National Air and Space Museum Research Fellowships". Get Involved: Internships & Fellowships. National Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
- ^ "National Air and Space Museum Press Kit: The Smithsonian and Flight". Press Room. National Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
- ^ Charles Harvard Gibbs-Smith, Victoria and Albert Museum, http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/features/history/staff_obituaries/photography/gibbs_smith/index.html, retrieved on May 26, 2011, "Reproduced with kind permission of The Times ©Times Newspapers Limited"
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- قباب فلكية في الولايات المتحدة
- مبان ومنشآت اكتملت في 1976
- متاحف الفضاء والطيران
- متاحف الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
- متاحف علمية في واشنطن العاصمة
- متاحف قومية أمريكية في واشنطن
- ناشونال مول
- 1976 establishments in the United States
- Aerospace museums in Washington, D.C.
- Astronomy museums
- Atomic tourism
- Aviation history of the United States
- Buildings and structures completed in 1976
- Gyo Obata buildings
- Members of the Cultural Alliance of Greater Washington
- National Mall
- Planetaria in the United States
- Science museums in Washington, D.C.
- Smithsonian Institution museums
- Southwest Federal Center