1449
► | قرن 14 | << قرن 15 >> | قرن 16 | ◄
► | عقد 1410 | عقد 1420 | عقد 1430 | << عقد 1440 >> | عقد 1450 | عقد 1460 | عقد 1470 | ◄
► | ► | 1444 | 1445 | 1446 | 1447 | 1448 | << 1449 >> | 1450 | 1451 | 1452 | 1453 | 1454 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-1449م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1449م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1449
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 14 – القرن 15 – القرن 16 |
| عقود: | عقد 1410 عقد 1420 عقد 1430 – عقد 1440 – عقد 1450 عقد 1460 عقد 1470 |
| سنين: | 1446 1447 1448 – 1449 – 1450 1451 1452 |
| 1449 حسب الموضوع |
|---|
| الفنون والعلوم |
| العمارة - الفن |
| السياسة |
| زعماء الدول - الدول ذات السيادة |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات |
| المواليد - الوفيات |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات |
| التأسيسات - الانحلالات |
| الفن والأدب |
| 1449 في الشعر |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1449 MCDXLIX |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2202 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 898 ԹՎ ՊՂԸ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6199 |
| التقويم البهائي | −395 – −394 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 856 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2399 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 27 Hen. 6 – 28 Hen. 6 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1993 |
| التقويم البورمي | 811 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6957–6958 |
| التقويم الصيني | 戊辰年 (التراب التنين) 4145 أو 4085 — إلى — 己巳年 (التراب الثعبان) 4146 أو 4086 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1165–1166 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2615 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1441–1442 |
| التقويم العبري | 5209–5210 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1505–1506 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1371–1372 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4550–4551 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11449 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 449–450 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 827–828 |
| التقويم الهجري | 852–853 |
| التقويم الياباني | Bunnan 6 / Hōtoku 1 (宝徳元年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1449 MCDXLIX |
| التقويم الكوري | 3782 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 463 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前463年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1992 |
Year 1449 (MCDXLIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
يناير-ديسمبر
- January 6 – Constantine XI Palaiologos is crowned Byzantine Emperor at Mistra; he will be the last in a line of rulers that can be traced to the founding of Rome.
- February – Alexăndrel seizes the throne of Moldavia, with the support of the boyars.
- March 24 – Hundred Years' War: English capture Fougères in Brittany.[1]
- April 7 – The last Antipope, Felix V, abdicates.
- April 19 – Pope Nicholas V is elected by the Council of Basel.[2]
- April 25 – The Council of Basel dissolves itself.
- May – An English privateering fleet led by Robert Wennington challenges ships of the Hanseatic League.[3]
- May 14 – Second Siege of Sfetigrad (1449): The Albanian garrison surrenders and the Ottomans seize the fortress.
- May 20 – Battle of Alfarrobeira: King Afonso V of Portugal defeats the forces of Peter, Duke of Coimbra.
- July – Hundred Years' War: The French invade Normandy.[1]
- August 13 – First Margrave War: Albrecht III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg takes Lichtenau Fortress from Nuremberg.
- September 1 – Battle of Tumu Fortress: The Oirat Mongols defeat the Ming dynasty army, and capture the Zhengtong Emperor of China; the latter is officially deposed, while his brother ascends as the Jingtai Emperor the next year.
- October – Bogdan II of Moldavia enters the country with troops from John Hunyadi, and takes the throne after Alexăndrel flees.
- October 29 – The French recapture Rouen from the English.[1]
حسب المكان
أفريقيا
- According to tradition, Berbers founded the city of Agadez , the capital of the Sultanate of Aïr . The Sultan's Palace of Agadez also dates from this period .
آسيا
- يوليو: The Oirat Mongol leader Esen Taiji launches a large-scale invasion of China in three parallel advances . He leads a force that advances on Datong in northern Shanxi in August . When news of the Mongol advance reaches the court of the Ming emperor, the most powerful official, the eunuch Wang Zhen , encourages the 22-year-old Emperor Zhengtong to lead his army against the Mongols . The Chinese military force is hastily assembled. The command consists of 20 experienced generals and a large number of high-ranking civilian officials who report to the supreme commander, Wang Zhen.
- 3 أغسطس: Esen's army destroys a poorly equipped Chinese force at Yanghe within the Great Wall of China . On the same day, the emperor appoints his half-brother Zhu Qiyu as his representative and leaves Beijing the next day for the pass fortress of Juyongguan . The objective of the mission is a short, sharp march westward via the Xuanfu garrison to Datong , from there an advance into the steppe, and finally a return to Beijing via a southern route via Yuzhou .
- 20 أغسطس: The army sets out on its return journey after it was deemed too dangerous to continue the expedition, not along the planned southern route, but along a northern route.
- 30 أغسطس: The rearguard of the army is attacked and destroyed by a Mongolian force.
- 1 سبتمبر: Esen Taiji defeats the Ming at the Battle of Tumu and captures the Chinese Emperor Zhengtong . The Mongols, unprepared for such a victory and the capture of the emperor, first attempt to extort a ransom for Zhengtong.
- Zhengtong's younger brother Jingtai takes power in the Ming Dynasty .
الإمبراطورية البيزنطية
- 6 يناير - قسطنطين الحادي عشر يُتوَّج إمبراطوراً بيزنطياً، ليخلف شقيقه يوحنا الثامن، الذي توفي في العام السابق. Prior to his own emperorship, Constantine was the despot of the Byzantine province of the Morea on the Peloponnese peninsula. The coronation takes place in the capital, Mystras , before his departure for Constantinople , to forestall any objections from the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Mehmed II, which by this time had already occupied almost all of Asia Minor .
حسب الموضوع
العلوم والتكنولوجيا
مواليد
- January 1 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian statesman (ت. 1492)[4]
- January 17 – Osanna of Mantua, Italian Dominican tertiary (ت. 1505)
- February 7 – Adriana of Nassau-Siegen, consort of Count Philip I of Hanau-Münzenberg (ت. 1477)
- April 27 – Asakura Ujikage, 8th head of the Asakura clan of Japan (ت. 1486)
- August 10 – Bona of Savoy, Duchess of Savoy (ت. 1503)
- September 20 – Philipp I, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noble (ت. 1500)
- October 21 – George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (ت. 1478)
- November 11 – Catherine of Poděbrady, Hungarian Queen (ت. 1464)
- November 14 – Sidonie of Poděbrady, Bohemian princess, duchess consort of Saxony (ت. 1510)
- December 6 – Dorotea Gonzaga, Italian noble (ت. 1467)
- مجهولة التاريخ
- Aldus Manutius, Italian printer
- Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus (ت. 1513)
- Axayacatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan (ت. 1481)[5]
- Domenico Gagini, Italian sculptor (ت. 1492)
- Domenico Ghirlandaio, Italian artist (ت. 1494)
- Magnus Hundt, German physician and theologian (ت. 1519)
- Margaret of Thuringia, Electress consort of Brandenburg (ت. 1501)
- probable
- Ilham Ghali khan of Kazan Khanate, (ت. 1490)
- Srimanta Sankardeva, Assamese scholar and religious figure (ت. c. 1568)
- Mandukhai Khatun, Mongolian queen
وفيات
- January 4 – Cecilia of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (و. c.1405)
- January 21 – Giovanni Berardi, Archbishop of Taranto (و. 1380)
- February 2 – Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Islamic scholar (و. 1372)
- March – Dolce dell'Anguillara, Italian condottiero (و. 1401)
- May – Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross, Lord of the Isles
- May 20 (at the Battle of Alfarrobeira)
- June 1 – Polissena Sforza, Lady of Rimini (و. 1428)[6]
- August 13 – Louis IV, Elector Palatine (و. 1424)
- October 27 – Ulugh Beg, Timurid ruler and astronomer (و. 1394)[7]
- October 31 – Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brzeg-Legnica and Cieszyn, German princess (و. 1403)
- November 19 – Kunigunde of Sternberg, first spouse of the King George of Podebrady (و. 1425)
- December 24 – Walter Bower, Scottish chronicler (و. 1385)[8]
References
- ^ أ ب ت Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 123–125. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Leonard von Matt; Hans Kühner (1963). The Popes: Papal History in Picture and Word. Universe Books. p. 128.
- ^ Sobecki, Sebastian I. (2008). The Sea and Medieval English Literature. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer. p. 155. ISBN 9781846155918.
- ^ Edith Carpenter (1893). Lorenzo De' Medici (in الإنجليزية). G.P. Putnam's sons. p. 11.
- ^ "Axayácatl, "El de la máscara de agua" (1469-1481)" [Axayácatl,, "He with the Water Mask"]. Arqueologia Mexicana (in الإسبانية). Retrieved June 6, 2019.
- ^ Jones, P.J. (1974). The Malatesta of Rimini and the Papal State. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 201-202. ISBN 0-521-20042-3.
- ^ Sainik Samachar: The Pictorial Weekly of the Armed Forces. Director of Public Relations, Ministry of Defence. 1990. p. 20.
- ^ University of Oxford (1885). Register of the University of Oxford, 1449 (-1622). ed. by C.W. Boase (A. Clark). 2 vols. [in 5 pt.]. p. 168.
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