1871 في ألمانيا
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فيما يلي قوائم الأحداث التي وقعت خلال عام 1871 في ألمانيا.
المسئولون
على المستوى الوطني
- إمبراطور ألمانيا: ڤلهلم الأول
- المستشار: أوتو فون بسمارك (منذ 21 مارس)
على مستوى الولايات
الممالك
- ملك باڤاريا – Ludwig II
- ملك پروسيا – William I
- ملك ساكسونيا – John
- King of Württemberg – Charles
الگراندوقيات
- Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick I
- Grand Duke of Hesse – Louis III
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis II
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Frederick William
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Peter II
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Charles Alexander
الإمارات
- Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Günther Friedrich Karl II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Principality of Lippe – Leopold III, Prince of Lippe
- Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
- Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and Pyrmont – George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
الدوقيات
- Duke of Anhalt – Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt to 22 May, then Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
- Duke of Brunswick – William, Duke of Brunswick
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
أحداث
- 3 January – Battle of Bapaume. Prussian victory in continuing Franco-Prussian War.
- 10 January – Besieged city of Péronne surrenders to Prussian forces.
- 10–12 January – Battle of Le Mans, ends French resistance in western France.
- 15–17 January – Battle of the Lisaine. Prussian victory.
- 18 January – The member-states of the North German Federation and the south German states unite into a single nation-state known as the German Empire. The King of Prussia is declared the first German Emperor as Wilhelm I of Germany.
- 19 يناير – Battle of St. Quentin. Prussian victory defeats French attempts to relieve the besieged city of Paris.
- 19–20 January – Battle of Buzenval. Prussian victory.
- 28 January – Siege of Paris ends, with the city falling to Prussian forces.
- 15 February – Armistice signed between France and Prussia.
- 18 February – Siege of Belfort ends with surrender of French garrison.
- 26 February – Treaty of Versailles ends the Franco-Prussian War.
- 3 March – German federal election, 1871
- 21 March – Otto von Bismarck is appointed as the first Imperial Chancellor of the German Empire and his Bismarck cabinet was sworn in.
- 16 April – Constitution of the German Empire, the basic law of the German Empire of 1871–1918, passed by German Reichtstag and coming into effect on 4 May 1871.
- 10 May – Treaty of Frankfurt is signed with confirming the frontiers between Germany and France.
- 15 May – The Strafgesetzbuch, which goes back to the Penal Code of the North German Confederation, passed in Reichstag. It came into effect on January 1, 1872.
- 10 December – Otto von Bismarck tries to ban Catholics from the political stage by introducing harsh laws concerning the separation of church and state.
غير مؤرخة
- The provinces of Alsace and Lorraine are transferred from France to Germany.
- The Constitution of the German Empire abolishes all restrictions on Jewish marriage, choice of occupation, place of residence, and property ownership. Exclusion from government employment and discrimination in social relations remain in effect.
- The Pulpit Law is passed by the Reichstag
- The Strafgesetzbuch is passed by the Reichstag, largely identical to the Penal Code of the North German Confederation.
- German company Continental is founded in Hannover.
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing is founded.
- German company Hoesch AG is founded in Dortmund.
مواليد
يناير إلى يونيو
- 21 يناير – هرمان بلاو، German chemist and inventor (died 1944)
- 2 فبراير – أدولف زيلر مهندس معماري ألماني.
- 4 فبراير – فريدريش إيبرت،[1] رئيس ألمانيا (توفي 1925)[2]
- 4 February – Heinrich Schnee, German lawyer, colonial civil servant, politician, writer, and association official (died 1949)
- 13 February – Joseph Vollmer, German engineer (died 1955)
- 18 February – Ludwig Woltmann, German zoologist (died 1907)
- 21 February – Paul Cassirer, art dealer (died 1926)
- 5 مارس – روزا لوكسمبورگ، سياسية يهودية ألمانية (توفيت 1919)
- 25 مارس – هرمان آبرت، مؤرخ موسيقي ألماني (توفي 1927)
- 27 مارس – هاينريش مان شاعر ألماني. (died 1950)
- 29 March – Fritz Cassirer, conductor (died 1926)
- 13 April – Otto Treßler, German actor (died 1965)
- 21 April – Leo Blech, German composer and conductor (died 1958)
- 6 مايو – كريستيان مورجنسترن مؤلف ألماني.
- 18 May – Fanny zu Reventlow, German artist and writer (died 1918)
- 30 May – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, sovereign of the Principality of Lippe (died 1949)
- 12 يونيو – أرنست سترومر، عالم مستحاثات ألماني (توفي 1952)
- 28 يونيو – يوليوس پرشت، فيزيائي ألماني (توفي 1942)
يوليو إلى ديسمبر
- 27 يوليو – إرنست تسرملو، رياضياتي ألماني. (ت. 1953)
- 13 أغسطس – كارل ليبكنشت، سياسي ألماني (توفي 1919)
- 21 August – Hugo Graf von und zu Lerchenfeld auf Köfering und Schönberg, German politician (died 1944)
- 28 أغسطس – ألڤن برگر عالم نبات ألماني. (ت. 1931)
- 14 September – Karl Joseph Schulte, cardinal of Roman Catholic Church (died 1941)
- 19 September – Fritz Schaudinn, German zoologist (died 1906)
- 20 December – Andreas Blunck, German politician (died 1933)
وفيات
- 23 يناير – فردريش أنطون ميكيل (مواليد 1811) عالم نبات هولندي.
- 4 فبراير – بوكلير موسكاو (مواليد 1785)
- 24 فبراير – يوليوس فايسباخ، رياضياتي ألماني. (مواليد 1806)
- 18 March – Georg Gottfried Gervinus, German politician, literary and political historian (born 1805)
- 4 April – Peter von Hess, German painter (born 1792)
- 21 أبريل – إليزابيت جروبه (مواليد 1803)
- 23 April – Ignaz von Olfers, German historian and naturalist (born 1793)
- 26 أبريل – لودفيغ فرانز ألكساندر وينتر (مواليد 1812)
- 18 مايو – إدوارد ويبر (مواليد 1806)
- 22 May – Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt, German nobleman (born 1794)
- 10 أكتوبر – برتولد كارل سيمان عالم نبات ألماني. (مواليد 1825)
- 7 نوفمبر – أدولف شتريكر (مواليد 1822)
- ^ "Biografie Friedrich Ebert" (in الألمانية). Deutsches Historisches Museum. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
- ^ Kershaw 1998, p. 267.
الكلمات الدالة:
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