678
► | قرن 6 | << قرن 7 >> | قرن 8 | ◄
► | عقد 640 | عقد 650 | عقد 660 | << عقد 670 >> | عقد 680 | عقد 690 | عقد 700 | ◄
► | ► | 673 | 674 | 675 | 676 | 677 | << 678 >> | 679 | 680 | 681 | 682 | 683 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-678م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-678م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 678
| ألفية: | الألفية 1 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 6 – القرن 7 – القرن 8 |
| عقود: | عقد 640 عقد 650 عقد 660 – عقد 670 – عقد 680 عقد 690 عقد 700 |
| سنين: | 675 676 677 – 678 – 679 680 681 |
| 678 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| تأسيسات – انحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 678 DCLXXVIII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1431 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 127 ԹՎ ՃԻԷ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5428 |
| التقويم البهائي | −1166 – −1165 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 85 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 1628 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | N/A |
| التقويم البوذي | 1222 |
| التقويم البورمي | 40 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6186–6187 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丁丑年 (النار الثور) 3374 أو 3314 — إلى — 戊寅年 (التراب النمر) 3375 أو 3315 |
| التقويم القبطي | 394–395 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 1844 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 670–671 |
| التقويم العبري | 4438–4439 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 734–735 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 600–601 |
| - كالي يوگا | 3779–3780 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 10678 |
| تقويم الإگبو | −322 – −321 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 56–57 |
| التقويم الهجري | 58–59 |
| التقويم الياباني | N/A |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 678 DCLXXVIII |
| التقويم الكوري | 3011 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 1234 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前1234年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1221 |
Year 678 (DCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 678 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
أحداث
حسب المكان
الإمبراطورية البيزنطية
- July 27 – The Siege of Thessalonica (676–678) ends, when the Sclaveni withdraw.
- Autumn – Siege of Constantinople: Emperor Constantine IV confronts the Arab besiegers in a head-on engagement. The Byzantine fleet, equipped with Greek fire, destroys the Muslim fleet at Sillyon,[1][2][3][4] ending the Arab threat to Europe, and forcing Yazid (a son of caliph Muawiyah I) to lift the siege on land and sea. The victory also frees up forces that are sent to raise the two-year siege of Thessalonica by the local Slavic tribes.
Britain
- King Æthelred of Mercia defeats the Northumbrian forces under King Ecgfrith, in a battle near the River Trent. Archbishop Theodore helps to resolve differences between the two, Æthelred agreeing to pay a weregild to avoid any resumption of hostilities (approximate date).
Japan
- April 27 – Emperor Tenmu holds divination for the purpose of proceeding to the Abstinence Palace.
- May 3 – Princess Tōchi suddenly takes ill and dies within the palace. Tenmu, her father, is unable to sacrifice to the Gods of Heaven and Earth.
- May 10 – Tōchi is buried at a place which could be Akō (Hyōgo Prefecture). Tenmu is graciously pleased to raise lament for her.
By topic
Religion
- Wilfrid, bishop of York, is at the height of his power and owns vast estates throughout Northumbria. After his refusal to agree to a division of his see, Ecgfrith and Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, have him banished from Northumbria.
- April 11 – Pope Donus dies at Rome, after a reign of 1 year and 160 days. He is succeeded by Agatho I, who becomes the 79th pope. He is the first pope to stop paying tribute to Emperor Constantine IV upon election.
- In Japan, the national worshiping to the Gods of Heaven and Earth is planned. Tenmu tries to select his daughter Tōchi as a Saiō to make her serve the Gods. However, Tōchi suddenly takes ill and dies.
- The Beomeosa temple complex in Geumjeong-gu (modern South Korea) is constructed, during the reign of King Munmu of Silla.
مواليد
- Childebert III, Merovingian Frankish king and son of Theuderic III
- Childebrand I, duke of Burgundy (d. 751)
- Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III, Maya ruler of Palenque
وفيات
- April 11 – Pope Donus
- May 3 – Tōchi, Japanese princess
- Abdullah ibn Aamir, Arab general (b. 626)
- Ælfwine, king of Deira (approximate date)
- Aisha, wife of Muhammad
- Arbogast, bishop of Strasbourg
- Nathalan, Scottish bishop
- Wechtar, Lombard duke of Friuli
- Zhang Wenguan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 606)
References
- ^ Haldon 1990, p. 64.
- ^ Lilie 1976, pp. 78–79.
- ^ Treadgold 1997, pp. 326–327.
- ^ Mango & Scott 1997, p. 494.
Sources
- Haldon, John F. (1990). Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture (revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-31917-1.
- Lilie, Ralph-Johannes (1976). Die byzantinische Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Araber. Studien zur Strukturwandlung des byzantinischen Staates im 7. und 8. Jhd [Byzantine Reaction to the Expansion of the Arabs. Studies on the Structural Change of the Byzantine State in the 7th and 8th Cent.] (in الألمانية). Munich: Institut für Byzantinistik und Neugriechische Philologie der Universität München. OCLC 797598069.
- Mango, Cyril; Scott, Roger (1997). The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor. Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822568-7.
- Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
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