هكسافلوروإيثان Hexafluoroethane

هكسافلوروإيثان
الأسماء
	اسم أيوپاك المفضل Hexafluoroethane
	أسماء أخرى Carbon hexafluoride; 1,1,1,2,2,2-Hexafluoroethane; Perfluoroethane; Ethforane; Halocarbon 116; PFC-116; CFC-116; R-116; Arcton 116; Halon 2600; UN 2193;
المُعرِّفات
رقم CAS
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:32905 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL116574 ;
ChemSpider	6191 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.855
رقم EC	200-939-8;
PubChem CID	6431;
رقم RTECS	KI4110000;
UNII	7VL5Z0IY3A ;
UN number	2193
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2041915 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C2F6/c3-1(4,5)2(6,7)8 Key: WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C2F6/c3-1(4,5)2(6,7)8 Key: WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYAP;
	SMILES FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F;
الخصائص
الصيغة الجزيئية	C26
كتلة مولية	138.01 g mol-1
المظهر	Colorless odorless gas
الكثافة	5.734 kg/m3 at 24 °C
نقطة الانصهار
نقطة الغليان
قابلية الذوبان في الماء	0.0015%
log P	2
kH	0.000058 mol/(kg·bar)
المخاطر
NFPA 704 (معيـَّن النار)	0 1 0
نقطة الوميض	Non-flammable
مركبات ذا علاقة
مركـّبات ذات علاقة	Carbon tetrafluoride; Octafluoropropane; Ethane; Difluoroacetylene; Tetrafluoroethylene; Tetrachloro-1,1-difluoroethane; Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane; Tetrachloro-1,1-difluoroethane; 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane; 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; Pentachlorofluoroethane; Hexachloroethane; Hexabromoethane; Hexaiodoethane;
	ما لم يُذكر غير ذلك، البيانات المعطاة للمواد في حالاتهم العيارية (عند 25 °س [77 °ف]، 100 kPa).
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	مراجع الجدول

Hexafluoroethane is an organofluorine compound with the chemical formula C
2F
6. It is a non-flammable colorless odorless gas negligibly soluble in water and slightly soluble in methanol. Its structure is F
3C−CF
3. It is an extremely potent and long-lived greenhouse gas. It is the perfluorocarbon counterpart to the hydrocarbon ethane.

Physical properties

Hexafluoroethane's solid phase has two polymorphs. In the scientific literature, different phase transition temperatures have been stated. The latest works assign it at 103 K (−170 °C). Below 103 K it has a slightly disordered structure, and over the transition point, it has a body centered cubic structure.^[1] The critical point is at 19.89 °C (293.04 K) and 30.39 bar.^[2]

Table of densities:

State, temperature	Density (kg/m³)
liquid, −78.2 °C	16.08
gas, −78.2 °C	8.86
gas, 15 °C	5.84
gas, 20.1 °C	5.716
gas, 24 °C	5.734

Vapor density is 4.823 (air = 1), specific gravity at 21 °C is 4.773 (air = 1) and specific volume at 21 °C is 0.1748 m³/kg.

Uses

Hexafluoroethane is used as a versatile etchant in semiconductor manufacturing. It can be used for selective etching of metal silicides and oxides versus their metal substrates and also for etching of silicon dioxide over silicon. The primary aluminium and the semiconductor manufacturing industries are the major emitters of hexafluoroethane using the Hall-Héroult process.

Together with trifluoromethane it is used in refrigerants R508A (61%) and R508B (54%).

It is used as a tamponade to assist in retinal reattachment following vitreoretinal surgery.^[3]

الآثار البيئية

Hexafluoroethane timeseries at various latitudes.

PFC-116 measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution free monthly mean mole fractions in parts-per-trillion.

Due to the high energy of C−F bonds, hexafluoroethane is nearly inert and thus acts as an extremely stable greenhouse gas, with an atmospheric lifetime of 10,000 years (other sources: 500 years).^[4] It has a global warming potential (GWP) of 9200 and an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0. Hexafluoroethane is included in the IPCC list of greenhouse gases.

Hexafluoroethane did not exist in significant amounts in the environment prior to industrial-scale manufacturing. Atmospheric concentration of hexafluoroethane reached 3 pptv at the start of the 21st century.^[5] Its absorption bands in the infrared part of the spectrum cause a radiative forcing of about 0.001 W/m².

المخاطر الصحية

بسبب كثافته النوعية العالية، فإنه يتجمع في المناطق المنخفضة. وفي تركزات عالية يمكنه أن يتسبب في اختناق.

References

^ Zeng, S.X.; Simmons, R.O.; Timms, D.N.; Evans, A.C. (1999). "Dynamics and structure of solid hexafluoroethane". Journal of Chemical Physics. 110 (3): 1650–61. Bibcode:1999JChPh.110.1650Z. doi:10.1063/1.477806.
^ Helmut Schan: Handbuch der reinsten Gase. Springer, 2005, ISBN 978-3-540-23215-5, S. 307.
^ Andreas Kontos; James Tee; Alastair Stuart; Zaid Shalchi; Tom H Williamson (2016). "Duration of intraocular gases following vitreoretinal surgery". Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 255 (2): 231–236. doi:10.1007/s00417-016-3438-3. PMID 27460279. S2CID 23629379.
^ "Perfluoroethane CASRN: 76-16-4". TOXNET Toxicology Data Network. National Library of Medicine. 2016-10-25. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013.
^ "Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis". Archived from the original on 2007-06-15. Retrieved 2007-06-02.

Bozin SE, et al. (1968). "Growth of ionization currents in carbon tetrafluoride and hexafluoroethane". J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1 (3): 327–334. Bibcode:1968JPhD....1..327B. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/1/3/309. S2CID 250891553.

وصلات خارجية

Purification process of hexafluoroethane
Protocol for measurement of tetrafluoromethane and hexafluoroethane from primary aluminium production^{[dead link]}
De Maré, G.R.; Panchenko, Yu. N. (March 2006). "Ab initio vibrational analysis of hexafluoroethane C₂F₆". Journal of Structural Chemistry. 47 (2): 232–240. doi:10.1007/s10947-006-0291-y. S2CID 96363970.
Protocol for Measurement of Tetrafluoromethane (CF 4) and Hexafluoroethane (C 2F 6) Emissions from Primary Aluminum Production
Thermochemistry data table at chemnet.ru

?

[1] Zeng, S.X.; Simmons, R.O.; Timms, D.N.; Evans, A.C. (1999). "Dynamics and structure of solid hexafluoroethane". Journal of Chemical Physics. 110 (3): 1650–61. Bibcode:1999JChPh.110.1650Z. doi:10.1063/1.477806.

[2] Helmut Schan: Handbuch der reinsten Gase. Springer, 2005, ISBN 978-3-540-23215-5, S. 307.

[3] Andreas Kontos; James Tee; Alastair Stuart; Zaid Shalchi; Tom H Williamson (2016). "Duration of intraocular gases following vitreoretinal surgery". Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 255 (2): 231–236. doi:10.1007/s00417-016-3438-3. PMID 27460279. S2CID 23629379.

[Toxnet-4] "Perfluoroethane CASRN: 76-16-4". TOXNET Toxicology Data Network. National Library of Medicine. 2016-10-25. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013.

[5] "Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis". Archived from the original on 2007-06-15. Retrieved 2007-06-02.

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المركبات الثنائية	AcF₃ AgF AgF₂ Ag₂F AlF₃ AmF₃ AmF₄ AsF₃ AsF₅ AuF₃ BF₃ B₂F₄ BaF₂ BeF₂ BiF₃ BiF₅ BrF₃ BrF₅ CF₄ C₂F₆ CaF₂ CdF₂ CeF₃ ClF₃ ClF₅ CoF₂ CoF₃ CrF₂ CrF₃ CrF₄ CrF₅ CrF₆ CsF CuF DyF₃ ErF₃ EuF₂ EuF₃ DF HF FI KF LiF NaF RbF TlF FeF₂ FeF₃ HgF₂ Hg₂F₂ KrF₂ LaF₃ LuF₃ MgF₂ MnF₂ MoF₄ MoF₅ MoF₆ NiF₂ F₂O F₂O₄ PbF₂ PbF₄ PdF₂ SnF₂ SrF₂ XeF₂ ZnF₂ ZrF₂ GaF₃ GdF₃ HoF₃ InF₃ MnF₃ F₃N NbF₄ NbF₅ NdF₃ F₃P PrF₃ PuF₃ SbF₃ ScF₃ SmF₃ TbF₃ TiF₃ TiF₄ TlF₃ TmF₃ UF₃ VF₃ YF₃ YbF₃ GeF₄ HfF₄ F₄N₂ PuF₄ SF₄ SeF₄ SiF₄ SnF₄ TeF₄ ThF₄ UF₄ VF₄ WF₄ XeF₄ ZrF₄ IF₅ PF₅ SbF₅ TaF₅ UF₅ VF₅ WF₅ OsF₆ PtF₆ ReF₆ SF₆ SeF₆ TeF₆ UF₆ WF₆ XeF₆ IF₇ ReF₇ IrF₃ IrF₆ OsF₄ OsF₅ PmF₃ PrF₄ PuF₆ ReF₄ ReF₅ RhF₆ RuF₃ RuF₄ RuF₅ RuF₆ TcF₅ TcF₆ VF₂ YbF₂
غيرهم	AgBF₄ AgPF₆ Cs₂AlF₅ K₃AlF₆ Na₃AlF₆ KAsF₆ LiAsF₆ NaAsF₆ HBF₄ KBF₄ LiBF₄ NaBF₄ RbBF₄ Ba(BF₄)₂ Ni(BF₄)₂ Pb(BF₄)₂ Sn(BF₄)₂ BaClF BaSiF₆ BaGeF₆ BrOF₃ BrO₂F CBrF₃ CBr₂F₂ CBr₃F CClF₃ CCl₂F₂ CCl₃F CFN CF₂O CF₃I CHF₃ CH₂F₂ CH₃F C₂Cl₃F₃ C₂H₃F C₆H₅F C₇H₅F₃ C₁₅F₃₃N ClFO₂ CrFO₄ CrF₂O₂ CsBF₄ NH₄F FNO FNO₂ FNO₃ KHF₂ NaHF₂ ThOF₂ NH₅F₂ F₂OS F₃OP F₃PS HPF₆ HSbF₆ NH₄PF₆ KPF₆ KSbF₆ LiPF₆ NaPF₆ NaSbF₆ Na₂SiF₆ Na₂TiF₆ Na₂ZrF₆ TlPF₆ IOF₃ K₂NbF₇ K₂TaF₇ IO₃F
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