إپراتروپيوم/سالبوتامول ، يُباع تحت الاسم التجاري كومبيڤنت Combivent، هو combination medication used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[2] [3] It contains ipratropium (an anticholinergic ) and salbutamol (albuterol, a β2 -adrenergic agonist ).[2] It is taken by inhalation .[4]
Common side effects include sore throat, muscle cramps, and nausea.[2] Other side effects may include bronchospasm , allergic reactions , and upper respiratory tract infections .[2] Safety in pregnancy is unclear.[1] Each medication typically decreases bronchospasm and does so via different mechanisms.[2]
The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 1996.[4] It is available as a generic medication .[3] Sixty doses in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about 18 £ as of 2019.[3] In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about US$9.50.[5] In 2016 it was the 166th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 3 million prescriptions.[6]
المجتمع والثقافة
Since Combivent contains a chlorofluorocarbon based propellant, it is being phased out in European Union countries. Chloroflourocarbons (CFC) are attributed to depletion of the ozone layer .
المصادر
وصلات خارجية
DailyMed
Consumer Medication Information from PubMed
National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel 3. Expert panel report 3: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2007 Aug. NIH Publication No. 07-4051.
α1
المستضدات: Abanoquil
Adimolol
Ajmalicine
Alfuzosin
Amosulalol
Anisodamine
Arotinolol
Atiprosin
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., brexpiprazole , clozapine , olanzapine , quetiapine , risperidone )
Benoxathian
Buflomedil
Bunazosin
Carvedilol
Corynanthine
Dapiprazole
Domesticine
Doxazosin
Ergolines (e.g., ergotamine , dihydroergotamine , lisuride , terguride )
Etoperidone
Eugenodilol
Fenspiride
Hydroxyzine
Indoramin
Ketanserin
L-765,314
Labetalol
mCPP
Mepiprazole
Metazosin
Monatepil
Moxisylyte
Naftopidil
Nantenine
Neldazosin
Niaprazine
Nicergoline
Niguldipine
Pardoprunox
Pelanserin
Perlapine
Phendioxan
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Phenylpiperazine مضادات الاكتئاب (مثل، hydroxynefazodone ، نفازودون ، ترازودون , triazoledione )
Piperoxan
Prazosin
Quinazosin
Quinidine
Ritanserin
Silodosin
Spiperone
Talipexole
Tamsulosin
Terazosin
Tiodazosin
Tolazoline
مضادات الاكتئاب ثلاثية الحلقة ، (e.g., amoxapine , maprotiline , mianserin )
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., أميترپيتيلين , clomipramine , doxepin , إيميپرامين , trimipramine )
Trimazosin
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., كلورپرومازين , fluphenazine , loxapine , thioridazine )
Urapidil
WB-4101
Zolertine
α2
Antagonists: 1-PP
Adimolol
Amesergide
Aptazapine
Atipamezole
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., asenapine , brexpiprazole , clozapine , lurasidone , paliperidone , quetiapine , risperidone , zotepine )
Azapirones (e.g., buspirone , gepirone , ipsapirone , tandospirone )
BRL-44408
Buflomedil
Cirazoline
Efaroxan
Esmirtazapine
Fenmetozole
Fluparoxan
Idazoxan
mCPP
Mianserin
Mirtazapine
NAN-190
Olanzapine
Pardoprunox
Phentolamine
Phenoxybenzamine
Piperoxan
Piribedil
Rauwolscine
Rotigotine
SB-269970
Setiptiline
Spiroxatrine
Sunepitron
Tolazoline
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine , fluphenazine , loxapine , thioridazine )
Yohimbine
β
mAChRs
الناهضات المستضدات
3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
4-DAMP
Aclidinium bromide (+formoterol )
Abediterol
AF-DX 250
AF-DX 384
Ambutonium bromide
Anisodamine
Anisodine
Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g., brompheniramine , buclizine , captodiame , chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine) , cinnarizine , clemastine , cyproheptadine , dimenhydrinate , dimetindene , diphenhydramine , doxylamine , meclizine , mequitazine , perlapine , phenindamine , pheniramine , phenyltoloxamine , promethazine , propiomazine , triprolidine )
AQ-RA 741
Atropine
Atropine methonitrate
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine , fluperlapine , olanzapine (+fluoxetine ), rilapine , quetiapine , tenilapine , zotepine )
Benactyzine
Benzatropine (benztropine)
Benzilone
Benzilylcholine mustard
Benzydamine
Bevonium
BIBN 99
Biperiden
Bornaprine
Camylofin
CAR-226,086
CAR-301,060
CAR-302,196
CAR-302,282
CAR-302,368
CAR-302,537
CAR-302,668
Caramiphen
Cimetropium bromide
Clidinium bromide
Cloperastine
CS-27349
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclopentolate
Darifenacin
DAU-5884
Desfesoterodine
Dexetimide
DIBD
Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
Dihexyverine
Difemerine
Diphemanil metilsulfate
Ditran
Drofenine
EA-3167
EA-3443
EA-3580
EA-3834
Emepronium bromide
Etanautine
Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
Fenpiverinium
Fentonium bromide
Fesoterodine
Flavoxate
Glycopyrronium bromide (+beclometasone/formoterol , +indacaterol , +neostigmine )
Hexahydrodifenidol
Hexahydrosiladifenidol
Hexbutinol
Hexocyclium
Himbacine
HL-031,120
Homatropine
Imidafenacin
Ipratropium bromide (+salbutamol )
Isopropamide
J-104,129
Hyoscyamine
Mamba toxin 3
Mamba toxin 7
Mazaticol
Mebeverine
Meladrazine
Mepenzolate
Methantheline
Methoctramine
Methylatropine
Methylhomatropine
Methylscopolamine
Metixene
Muscarinic toxin 7
N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
Nefopam
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
Orphenadrine
Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
Otilonium bromide
Oxapium iodide
Oxitropium bromide
Oxybutynin
Oxyphencyclimine
Oxyphenonium bromide
PBID
PD-102,807
PD-0298029
Penthienate
Pethidine
pFHHSiD
Phenglutarimide
Phenyltoloxamine
Pipenzolate bromide
Piperidolate
Pirenzepine
Piroheptine
Pizotifen
Poldine
Pridinol
Prifinium bromide
Procyclidine
Profenamine (ethopropazine)
Propantheline bromide
Propiverine
Quinidine
3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
Revefenacin
Rociverine
RU-47,213
SCH-57,790
SCH-72,788
SCH-217,443
Scopolamine (hyoscine)
Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
Silahexacyclium
Sofpironium bromide
Solifenacin
SSRIs (e.g., femoxetine , paroxetine )
Telenzepine
Terodiline
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine , maprotiline , mianserin , mirtazapine )
Tiemonium iodide
Timepidium bromide
Tiotropium bromide
Tiquizium bromide
Tofenacin
Tolterodine
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline (+perphenazine ), amitriptylinoxide , butriptyline , cidoxepin , clomipramine , desipramine , desmethyldesipramine , dibenzepin , dosulepin (dothiepin) , doxepin , imipramine , lofepramine , nitroxazepine , northiaden (desmethyldosulepin) , nortriptyline , protriptyline , quinupramine , trimipramine )
Tridihexethyl
Trihexyphenidyl
Trimebutine
Tripitamine (tripitramine)
Tropacine
Tropatepine
Tropicamide
Tropine benzilate
Trospium chloride
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine , chlorprothixene , cyamemazine (cyamepromazine) , loxapine , mesoridazine , thioridazine )
Umeclidinium bromide (+vilanterol )
WIN-2299
Xanomeline
Zamifenacin
المركبات الطليعية (والأدوية الأولية )