الأسرة السلوقية

Seleucids Σελευκίδαι
312 BC – 64 BC Royal house
The Vergina Sun remained a principal standard of the Seleucid dynasty, although the anchor and elephant were more prevalent.
البلد	Syria, Persia
تأسست	312 BC
المؤسس	Seleucus I
آخر حاكم	Philip II Philoromaeus
الألقاب	Lord of Asia Shahanshah Basileus of Persia Basileus of Syria King of Babylonia King of Armenia King of Macedon (claimed)
الانحلال	64 BC
الفروع	Diodotid dynasty (Bactria)(?)

تاريخ إيران الكبرى
امبراطوريات فارس • ملوك فارس
قبل-المعاصر
قبل الإسلام ق.م. حضارة نهر زيانده قبل التاريخ–? حضارة سيالك 7500–1000 Jiroft civilization (Aratta) 3000–? Proto-Elamite civilization 3200–2800 Bactria-Margiana Complex 2200–1700 الأسر العيلامية 2800–550 Kingdom of Mannai 10th–7th cent. الامبراطورية الميدية 728–550 الامبراطورية الأخمينية 550–330 الامبراطورية السلوقية 330–150 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 250-125 الامبراطورية الپارثية 248–م 224 م. الإمبراطورية الكوشانية 30–275 الإمبراطورية الساسانية 224–651 الإمبراطورية الهفتالية 425–557 دولة كابول الشاهية 565–670
بعد الفتح الإسلامي الخلفاء الراشدون 637–651 الخلافة الأموية 661–750 الخلافة العباسية 750–1258 الدولة الطاهرية 821–873 الأسرة العلوية 864–928 الدولة الصفارية 861–1003 الدولة السامانية 819–999 الدولة الزيارية 928–1043 الدولة البويهية 934–1055 الدولة الغزنوية 975–1187 الدولة الغورية 1149–1212 الدولة السلجوقية 1037–1194 الدولة الخوارزمية 1077–1231 آل كرت 1231-1389 إلخانية 1256–1353 الدولة المظفرية 1314–1393 چوباني 1337–1357 الدولة الجلائرية 1339–1432 الدولة التيمورية 1370–1506 تركمان القرة قويونلو 1407–1468 تركمان الآق قويونلو 1378–1508 الدولة الصفوية 1501–1722* دولة المغول 1526–1857 الدولة الهوتاكية 1722–1729 الدولة الأفشارية 1736–1802 * أو 1736
المعاصر ج.إ.س. = جمهورية إشتراكية سوڤييتية
أفغانستان Durrani Empire 1748–1823 النفوذ البريطاني والروسي 1826-1919 الإستقلال والحرب الاهلية 1919–1929 حكم محمدزاي 1929–1973 جمهورية أفغانستان 1973–1978 الحكم الشيوعي 1978–1992 التاريخ المعاصر لأفغانستان منذ 1992 خط زمني
أذربيجان خانيات القوقاز 1722–1828 الحكم الروسي 1828–1917 الجمهورية الديمقراطية 1918–1920 Azerbaijan SSR 1920–1991 جمهورية أذربيجان since 1991
البحرين الحكم البرتغالي 1521–1602 المعاهدة البريطانية 1820–1971 مملكة البحرين منذ 1971
إيران الأسرة الزندية 1750–1794 الأسرة القاجارية 1781–1925 الأسرة الپهلوية 1925–1979 الثورة الإيرانية 1979 الحكومة المؤقتة 1979 جمهورية إيران الإسلامية منذ 1979
العراق الدولة العثمانية 1632–1919 الملكية الهاشمية 1920–1958 الإنقلاب والجمهورية 1958–2003 جمهورية العراق منذ 2004
طاجيكستان إمارة بخارى 1785–1920 ج.س.ش. البخارية / ج.إ.س. الاوزبكية 1920–1929 Tajik Autonomous SSR 1929 ج.إ.س. الطاجيكية 1929–1991 جمهورية طاجيكستان منذ 1991
اوزبكستان إمارة بخارى 1785–1920 ج.إ.س. الاوزبكية 1924–1991 الإستقلال 1991 جمهورية اوزبكستان منذ 1991

The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae ( []sɪˈluːsɪˌdiː[]; Greek: Σελευκίδαι, Seleukídai, "descendants of Seleucus") was a Macedonian Greek royal family, which ruled the Seleucid Empire based in West Asia during the Hellenistic period. It was founded by Seleucus I Nicator, a general and successor of Alexander the Great, after the division of the Macedonian Empire as a result of the Wars of the Successors (Diadochi).

Through its history, the Seleucid dominion included large parts of the Near East, as well as of the Asian territory of the earlier Achaemenid Persian Empire. A major center of Hellenistic culture, it attracted a large number of immigrants from Greece who, encouraged by the Seleucids, formed a dominant political elite under the ruling dynasty. After the death of Seleucus I, his successors maintained the empire's strength establishing it as a Greek power in West Asia; the empire reached its height under emperor Antiochus III. From the mid-second century BC, after its defeat at the hands of the resurgent Parthian Empire, the polity entered a state of instability with slow territorial losses and internecine civil wars. The Seleucids, now reduced to a rump state occupying a small part of Syria succumbed to the Rome's annexation of their territory in 64 BC under Pompey the Great.

 التاريخ

 خلفية

Seleucus (ح. 358 – 281 BC) served as an officer of Alexander the Great, commanding the elite infantry corps in the Macedonian army: the "Shield-bearers" (Greek: Ὑπασπισταί, Hypaspistai), later known as the "Silvershields" (Ἀργυράσπιδες, Argyraspides). After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, the Partition of Triparadisus assigned Seleucus as satrap of Babylon in 321 BC. Antigonus, the satrap of much of Asia Minor, forced Seleucus to flee from Babylon, but, supported by Ptolemy, the Satrap of Egypt, Seleucus returned in 312 BC. Seleucus' later conquests included Persia and Media. He agreed to a peace treaty with the Indian King Chandragupta Maurya (reigned 324-297 BC). Seleucus defeated Antigonus in the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC and Lysimachus (King of Thrace, Macedon and Asia Minor) in the battle of Corupedium (near Sardis) in 281 BC. Ptolemy Ceraunus assassinated Seleucus later in the same year. Seleucus' eldest son Antiochus I succeeded him as ruler of the Seleucid territories in 281 BC.

 الحكام السلوقيون

المقالة الرئيسية: الإمبراطورية السلوقية

Seleucid Rulers

Portrait	King	Reign (BC)	Consort(s)	Comments
	Seleucus I Nicator	Satrap 320–315, 312–305 BC King 305–281 BC	Apama
	Antiochus I Soter	co-ruler from 291, ruled 281–261 BC	Stratonice of Syria	Co-ruler with his father for 10 years.
	Antiochus II Theos	261–246 BC	Laodice I Berenice	Berenice was a daughter of Ptolemy II of Egypt. Laodice I had her and her son murdered.
	Seleucus II Callinicus	246–225 BC	Laodice II	Brother of Antiochus Hierax
	Seleucus III Ceraunus (or Soter)	225–223 BC		Seleucus III was assassinated by members of his army.
	Antiochus III the Great	223–187 BC	Laodice III Euboea of Chalcis	Antiochus III was a brother of Seleucus III.
	Seleucus IV Philopator	187–175 BC	Laodice IV	This was a brother-sister marriage.
	Antiochus (son of Seleucus IV)	175–170 BC		Antiochus IV as co-ruler.
	Antiochus IV Epiphanes	175–164 BC	Laodice IV	This was a brother-sister marriage.
	Antiochus V Eupator	164–162 BC		Son of Antiochus IV and Laodice IV
	Demetrius I Soter	162–150 BC	Apama ? Laodice V?	Son of Seleucus IV Philopator and Laodice IV.
	Alexander I Balas	150–145 BC	Cleopatra Thea	Son of Antiochus IV and Laodice IV.
	Demetrius II Nicator	first reign, 145–138 BC	Cleopatra Thea	Son of Demetrius I.
	Antiochus VI Dionysus (or Epiphanes)	145/144–142/141 BC?		Son of Alexander Balas and Cleopatra Thea.
	Diodotus Tryphon	142/141–138 BC		General who was a regent for Antiochus VI Dionysus. Took the throne after murdering his charge.
	Antiochus VII Sidetes (or Euergetes)	138–129 BC	Cleopatra Thea	Son of Demetrius I.
	Demetrius II Nicator	second reign, 129–125 BC	Cleopatra Thea	Demetrius was murdered at the instigation of his wife Cleopatra Thea.
	Alexander II Zabinas	128–123 BC		Counter-king who claimed to be an adoptive son of Antiochus VII Sidetes.
	Cleopatra Thea	125–121 BC		Daughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt. Married to three kings: Alexander Balas, Demetrius II Nicator, and Antiochus VII Sidetes. Mother of Antiochus VI, Seleucus V, Antiochus VIII Grypus, and Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. Coregent with Antiochus VIII Grypus.
	Seleucus V Philometor	126/125 BC		Murdered by his mother Cleopatra Thea.
	Antiochus VIII Grypus	125–96 BC	Tryphaena of Egypt Cleopatra Selene I of Egypt
	Antiochus IX Cyzicenus	116/113–95 BC	Cleopatra IV of Egypt Cleopatra Selene I of Egypt
	Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator	96–94 BC
	Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator	95–92 BC or 95-88 BC	Cleopatra Selene I
	Demetrius III Eucaerus (or Philopator)	96–87 BC
	Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus	94–93 BC
	Philip I Philadelphus	94–75 BC or 94-83 BC
	Antiochus XII Dionysus	87–82 BC
	Cleopatra Selene or Seleucus VII	82–69 BC
	Antiochus XIII Asiaticus	82–64 BC
	Philip II Philoromaeus	65–64 BC or 69-64 BC (Died Possibly c.56 BC)

 انظر أيضاً

• قائمة ملوك فارس
• قائمة الملوك السوريين

 الهامش

 المصادر

• Bevan, Edwyn Robert (2015). The House of Seleucus. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108082754.
• Eckstein, Arthur M. (2006). Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War, and the Rise of Rome. University of California Press. ISBN 0520246187.
• Esposito, Gabriele (2019). Armies of the Hellenistic States, 323 BC–AD 30, History, Organization & Equipment. Pen & Sword Books. ISBN 9781526730305.
• Glanville Downey (8 December 2015). History of Antioch. Princeton University Press. pp. 735–736. ISBN 978-1-4008-7773-7.
• Glubb, John Bagot (1967). Syria, Lebanon, Jordan. Walker.
• Kosmin, Paul J. (2014). The Land of the Elephant Kings, Space, Territory, and Ideology in the Seleucid Empire. Harvard University Press.
• Mehrdad Kia (27 June 2016). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 287–311. ISBN 978-1-61069-391-2.

 وصلات خارجية

• Livius, The Seleucid Empire Archived 2013-07-19 at the Wayback Machine by Jona Lendering