شاوگوان Shaoguan

Coordinates: 24°48′40″N 113°35′49″E / 24.811°N 113.597°E / 24.811; 113.597
Shaoguan
韶关市
Shiukwan
Prefecture-level city
Seochew
Left to right, top to bottom: Downtown Shaoguan from across the Bei River, street scene in central Shaoguan, Shaoyang Tower, the Pagoda of Sixi Temple, aerial view of the city
Location of Shaoguan City jurisdiction in Guangdong
Location of Shaoguan City jurisdiction in Guangdong
Shaoguan is located in الصين
Shaoguan
Shaoguan
Location in China
الإحداثيات (Shaoguan municipal government): 24°48′40″N 113°35′49″E / 24.811°N 113.597°E / 24.811; 113.597
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceGuangdong
County-level divisions10
Municipal seatZhenjiang District
الحكومة
 • CPC SecretaryJiang Ling (江凌)
 • MayorLuo Weifeng (骆蔚峰)
المساحة
 • Prefecture-level city18٬645 كم² (7٬199 ميل²)
 • الحضر
2٬870٫7 كم² (1٬108٫4 ميل²)
 • العمران
2٬870٫7 كم² (1٬108٫4 ميل²)
المنسوب
59 m (194 ft)
التعداد
 (2020 census)[1]
 • Prefecture-level city2٬855٬131
 • الكثافة150/km2 (400/sq mi)
 • Urban
1٬028٬460
 • الكثافة الحضرية360/km2 (930/sq mi)
 • العمرانية
1٬028٬460
 • الكثافة العمرانية360/km2 (930/sq mi)
GDP[2]
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 155.4 billion
US$ 24.1 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 54,377
US$ 8,429
منطقة التوقيتUTC+8 (China Standard)
مفتاح الهاتف(0)751
ISO 3166 codeCN-GD-02
Licence plate prefixes粤F
Local dialectHakka (regional)
Cantonese (native; provincial level)
Major NationalitiesHan
شاوجوان
SG name.svg
"Shaoguan" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
الصينية المبسطة韶关
الصينية التقليدية韶關
البريدShiukwan
Shiuchow (former)
المعنى الحرفيBeautiful pass
النقحرة
المندرينية الفصحى
هان‌يو پن‌ينSháoguān
Gwoyeu RomatzyhShaurguan
ويد-جايلزShao2-kuan1
IPA[ʂɑ̌ʊ.kwán]
وو
الرومنةzau1kuae1
هاكا
الرومنةShâu-kûan
يوى: كانتونية
رومنة يلSìuhgwāan
جيوتپنگSiu4gwaan1
IPA[siw˩.kʷan˥]

Shaoguan is a prefecture-level city in northern Guangdong Province (Yuebei), South China, bordering Hunan to the northwest and Jiangxi to the northeast. It is home to the mummified remains of the sixth Zen Buddhist patriarch Huineng. Its built-up (or metro) area made up of Zhenjiang, Wujiang and Qujiang urban conurbated districts was home to 1,028,460 inhabitants as of the 2020 census.[3]

التاريخ

Shaozhou or Seochew was a prefecture under the Tang and Song.

In 1589, Matteo Ricci relocated his mission house – the first ever Jesuit mission in mainland China – to Shaoguan after a fallout with the authorities in Zhaoqing. He remained in Shaoguan for a few years, eventually benefiting from Shaoguan's location on the important north–south travel route to establish connections with traveling dignitaries that allowed him to move north, to Nanchang, Nanjing, and Beijing.[4]

During World War II the city, then called Kukong, was the temporary capital of Guangdong Province.

In June 2009, Uyghurs and Han workers clashed at a toy factory in Shaoguan (Shaoguan incident), which was followed by the Ürümqi riots in July.

الثقافة

The main languages spoken are Hakka and Shaozhou Tuhua, related to Ping Chinese. Shaozhounese or Seochewese is spoken in Shaozhou city and Hakka (mainly Yetpet and Seunan dialects) are spoken in neighboring counties.

In the past, Seochew culture followed its people outside of the mainland China. In the past, the Seochew community was an important part of Nam Định City. They joined right when the French protectorate government first built the city. To this day, the most famous specialty of Nam Định City is Seochew candy[5][6][7] (kẹo sìu-châu), sweet-meat xôi[8] (xôi xá-xíu) and sweet-meat pho[9] (phở xá-xíu) which is produced by families with long-standing Seochew roots in the old town area of Nam Định City.

السياحة

انظر أيضاً: Roman Catholic Diocese of Shaozhou

Northwest of Shaoguan, at the town of Pingshi, a stretch of river known as the Nine Torrents and Eighteen Shoals is a popular place for white-water rafting. The city is served by Shaoguan Danxia Airport. Besides, Shaoguan University is located in the city.

The Fengcai Tower (风采楼) in the centre of Shaoguan was built in the Ming dynasty. To the south of the tower, at the other end of a pedestrian shopping street, the Dajian Monastery was founded in 660.

Near Shaoguan is the town of Maba, home of relics and museum of the Maba Man, Chinese Neanderthals. Near Maba is Nanhua Temple, which was founded by Huineng, the Sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism. Shaoguan Iron and Steel is also located near Maba. Danxia Mountain is located in Renhua County, Shaoguan.

أشخاص بارزون

  • Zhang, Jiu Ling (張九齡): a high-ranking official of the Tang dynasty. (A.D. 618–A.D. 1127)
  • Yu, Jing (余靖): a high-ranking official of the Northern Song dynasty. (A.D 960–A.D. 1127)
  • Chu, Siu Hung (朱韶洪): Hong Kong social activist
  • Regina Ho Yee Ting (何依婷): Winner of 2017 Miss Hong Kong pageant, also an actress of Hong Kong

الجغرافيا

Shaoguan is the northernmost prefecture-level city of Guangdong, bordering Chenzhou (Hunan) to the northwest and north, Ganzhou (Jiangxi) to the northeast, Heyuan to the east, Guangzhou and Huizhou to the south, and Qingyuan to the west. It spans latitude 23° 53'−25° 31' N and longitude 112° 53'−114° 45' E.[10] It is situated at the southern end of the Nan Mountains (Nan Ling), which primarily run east–west here, and is marked by numerous erosion-created valleys; within its borders lies the 1،902 m (6،240 ft) Mount Shikeng (石坑崆), the highest point in the province. The city is located on the Jingguang Railway (Beijing−Guangzhou) about 221 كيلومتر (137 mi) north of the provincial capital of Guangzhou. Shaoguan is also readily accessible by road as it is adjacent to the G4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway as well as numerous other National Highways.

At Shaoguan, the Wu River from the northwest and the Zhen River from the northeast join up to create the North River (Bei Jiang) which flows south to Guangzhou. The downtown part of Shaoguan is located on a peninsula between the Wu and Zhen Rivers. The rivers are maintained at a constant level by a dam about 12 كيلومتر (7.5 mi) downstream from the city. The city has about 20 كيلومتر (12 mi) of tree-lined riverside esplanades along the banks of the rivers. There are seven bridges crossing the three rivers.

الإدارة

Shaoguan has direct jurisdiction over 3 districts, 2 county-level cities and 5 counties:

الخريطة الاسم الصينية المبسطة Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2010 census) 		Area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2)
Zhenjiang District 浈江区 Zhēnjiāng Qū 393,521 572.11 688
Wujiang District 武江区 Wǔjiāng Qū 294,708 677.78 435
Qujiang District 曲江区 Qǔjiāng Qū 303,371 1,620.77 187
Shixing County 始兴县 Shǐxīng Xiàn 205,452 2,131.91 96
Renhua County 仁化县 Rénhuà Xiàn 200,354 2,223.22 99
Wengyuan County 翁源县 Wēngyuán Xiàn 331,120 2,174.87 152
Xinfeng County 新丰县 Xīnfēng Xiàn 206,091 1,967.39 105
Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County 乳源瑶族自治县 Rǔyuán Yáozú Zìzhìxiàn 177,471 2,299.01 77
Lechang City 乐昌市 Lèchāng Shì 397,779 2,419,28 164
Nanxiong City 南雄市 Nánxióng Shì 316,179 2,326,18 136

المناخ

Shaoguan has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with short, mild, damp winters, rainy springs, long, hot, and humid summers, and relatively sunny autumns. Due to the city's location far inland, winters are significantly cooler than in the rest of the province, with freezing rain possible in the nearby mountain passes in some years. Winter begins dry and relatively sunny but becomes progressively cloudier and damper. Spring is the cloudiest and wettest season, with the sun shining less than 30% of the time. The annual rainfall is around 1،600 mm (63 in), much of it delivered from April thru June. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 10.3 °C (50.5 °F) in January to 29.0 °C (84.2 °F) in July; the annual mean is 20.5 °C (68.9 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 16% in March to 54% in July, the city receives 1,617 hours of bright sunshine annually.

بيانات المناخ لـ Shaoguan, elevation 121 m (397 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2020)
الشهر ينا فب مار أبر ماي يون يول أغس سبت أكت نوف ديس السنة
القصوى القياسية °س (°ف) 27.8
(82.0) 		30.5
(86.9) 		32.6
(90.7) 		35.4
(95.7) 		36.4
(97.5) 		38.5
(101.3) 		40.4
(104.7) 		40.3
(104.5) 		38.5
(101.3) 		36.6
(97.9) 		34.0
(93.2) 		28.5
(83.3) 		40.4
(104.7)
متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف) 14.9
(58.8) 		17.2
(63.0) 		19.7
(67.5) 		25.1
(77.2) 		29.0
(84.2) 		31.5
(88.7) 		33.8
(92.8) 		33.7
(92.7) 		31.4
(88.5) 		27.9
(82.2) 		22.8
(73.0) 		17.2
(63.0) 		25.3
(77.6)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) 10.3
(50.5) 		12.7
(54.9) 		15.6
(60.1) 		20.9
(69.6) 		24.7
(76.5) 		27.3
(81.1) 		28.8
(83.8) 		28.4
(83.1) 		26.2
(79.2) 		22.2
(72.0) 		17.0
(62.6) 		11.7
(53.1) 		20.5
(68.9)
متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف) 7.2
(45.0) 		9.6
(49.3) 		12.8
(55.0) 		17.8
(64.0) 		21.6
(70.9) 		24.4
(75.9) 		25.4
(77.7) 		24.9
(76.8) 		22.6
(72.7) 		18.1
(64.6) 		13.1
(55.6) 		8.0
(46.4) 		17.1
(62.8)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) −2.5
(27.5) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		0.9
(33.6) 		5.7
(42.3) 		12.7
(54.9) 		16.6
(61.9) 		20.1
(68.2) 		20.1
(68.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		6.3
(43.3) 		1.6
(34.9) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−4.3
(24.3)
متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches) 78.1
(3.07) 		88.9
(3.50) 		189.7
(7.47) 		207.1
(8.15) 		303.3
(11.94) 		288.5
(11.36) 		151.7
(5.97) 		144.1
(5.67) 		93.3
(3.67) 		46.2
(1.82) 		64.9
(2.56) 		56.9
(2.24) 		1٬712٫7
(67.42)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 10.9 12.1 18.6 17.0 18.3 18.7 14.1 14.0 10.3 5.9 7.6 7.8 155.3
متوسط الرطوبة النسبية (%) 77 78 82 81 81 81 77 78 78 73 75 74 78
Mean monthly ساعات سطوع الشمس 87.2 77.7 66.8 88.5 123.9 145.8 214.1 198.8 171.9 171.4 137.5 125.8 1٬609٫4
نسبة السطوع المحتمل للشمس 26 24 18 23 30 36 51 50 47 48 42 38 36
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[11][12]NOAA[13]
Source 2: Weather China[14]

مناظر طبيعية

  • Zhongshan Park

    Zhongshan Park

  • Central Shaoguan

    Central Shaoguan

  • Guangdong Grand Canyon in Shaoguan

    Guangdong Grand Canyon in Shaoguan

  • Nanhua Temple

    Nanhua Temple

  • Fields in Shaoguan

    Fields in Shaoguan

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات ومراجع

  1. ^ Guăngdōng: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  2. ^ 广东省统计局、国家统计局广东调查总队 (August 2016). 《广东统计年鉴－2016》. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-7837-7. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22.
  3. ^ "Search result of CHINA: Guăngdōng at citypopulation website".
  4. ^ De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas
  5. ^ How was Seochew candy born ? (in Vietnamese)
  6. ^ Seochew candy - a spring gift in Namdinh (in Vietnamese)
  7. ^ Seochew candy - a delicate gift for guests from near to far (in Vietnamese)
  8. ^ Namdinh sticky rice with pork belly - a delicious traditional dish that is famous from far to wide (in Vietnamese)
  9. ^ Cầm 200.000 đồng đi khắp Nam Định, ăn 'thả ga' nhiều món ngon, lạ miệng
  10. ^ the Yearbook of Shaoguan. "Natural geography". Shaoguan Government.
  11. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in الصينية المبسطة). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in الصينية المبسطة). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  13. ^ "Shaoguan Climate Normals 1991-2020" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). NOAA.
  14. ^ 韶关 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in الصينية). Weather China. Retrieved 27 November 2022.

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