ميشل سيفر

ميشل سيفر
Michel Siffre
Michel SiffreP1010680mod.jpg
سيفر في 2009
وُلِدَ
Michel Augustin Francis Siffre

(1939-01-03)3 يناير 1939
نيس، فرنسا
توفي25 أغسطس 2024(2024-08-25) (aged 85)
نيس، فرنسا
المدرسة الأمالسوربون (DES (fr))
المهنةعالم كهوف

ميشل أوگوستان فرانسيس سيفر (فرنسية: [sifʁ]; 3 يناير 1939 – 25 أغسطس 2024) كان جيولوجياً وعالم كهوف ومستكشف تحت الأرض فرنسي. وقد اشتهر بشكل خاص بتجارب علم الأحياء الزمني التي أجراها على نفسه.

النشأة والعائلة التعليم

وُلِد سيفر ونشأ في نيس، فرنسا.[1] والداه كانا جان ولوسي (روكيه) سيفر.[1]

وقد حصل على درجة في الجيولوجيا في 1960 من السوربون.[1]

السيرة

أسس سيفر المعهد الفرنسي لعلم الكهوف (Institut français de spéléologie) [أ] in 1962.[2]

Véronique Le Guen ومانيكان وميشل سيفر
تجربة الساعة البيولوجية .

Initially, Siffre was planning to study a newly discovered glacier 70 km (43 mi) from Nice by remaining within it for 15 days.[3] However, inspired by the space race, he extended the duration and examined how humans experience time by spending 62[4] or 63 days[1] without time cues, cloistered 130 m (430 ft)[5] below the surface in the abyss of Scarasson (Punta Marguareis) in the Maritime Alps between France and Italy.[1] beginning July 1962.[6] Subsequently, he designed or organized over a dozen underground experiments for other speleologists.

In 1972, Siffre performed a more extensive underground experiment, staying six months in Midnight Cave[3] in southern[1] Texas.[7] After the experiment, he concluded that without time cues, he adjusted to a 48-hour rather than a 24-hour cycle.[3] NASA studied his work,[ب] as did the French Army[1] and the US government.[4]

He conducted geology work in Sri Lanka and Guatemala, and he wrote books and delivered lectures about caves.[1]

Siffre underwent an additional cave excursion from November 1999 to February 2000. He celebrated the New Year there, but missed the actual date by three days.[1]

الحياة الشخصية والوفاة

After his 1972 experiment, Siffre suffered both acute and lasting effects, recovering from the isolation physically, mentally and emotionally only partially.[8] In debt from the experiment's significant costs (even though some of it was paid through government funding),[3] Siffre and his wife Nathalie divorced.[1]

Siffre died from pneumonia at age 85 in Nice on 25 August 2024.[1][9]

منشورات

  • Hors du temps. L'expérience du 16 juillet 1962 au fond du gouffre de Scarasson par celui qui l'a vécue, Julliard, 1963
  • Des merveilles sous la terre, Hachette, cop. 1976
  • Stalactites, stalagmites, cop. 1984
  • L'or des gouffres: découvertes dans les jungles mayas, Flammarion, 1979
  • Dans les abîmes de la terre, Flammarion, 1975
  • La France des grottes et cavernes, Privat, 1999
  • A la recherche de l'art des cavernes du pays Maya, A. Lefeuvre, 1979
  • Découvertes dans les grottes mayas, Arthaud, 1993
  • Beyond Time, translated by Herma Briffault, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

  1. ^ مع عدم الخلط بينه وبين الاتحاد الفرنسي لعلم الكهوف
  2. ^ Several astronauts[من؟] reported experiences similar to those experienced in underground experiments such as loss of short-term memory to being isolated from external time references.[citation needed]

المراجع

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز Risen, Clay (24 September 2024). "Michel Siffre, 85, Who Studied Mind From the Depths of Caves". The New York Times. p. B11. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  2. ^ Drouin, Philippe. "Publications départementales et locales" [Departmental and local publications] (PDF). Spelunca Memoires (in الفرنسية). Fédération français de spéléologie. p. 24. ISSN 0249-0544. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  3. ^ أ ب ت ث Siffre, Michel (Summer 2008). "Caveman: an interview with Michel Siffre". Cabinet. No. 30. Interviewed by Josh Foer. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  4. ^ أ ب Spalding, Katie (April 2, 2025). Holly Large (ed.). "The Man Who Went Into A Cave And Accidentally Invented An Entire Field Of Biology". iflscience.com. Retrieved April 6, 2025.
  5. ^ Burke, Olivia (29 April 2024). "Man who lived in cave with no concept of time ended up experiencing unbelievable effect on his body clock". LADbible.com (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  6. ^ "Michel Siffre et son horloge de chair" [Michel Siffre and his body clock]. Le Monde (in الفرنسية). 22 July 2004. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009.
  7. ^ Dubuc, Damien (2017-05-05). "Michel Siffre : « Sous terre sans repère, c'est le cerveau qui crée le temps »" [Underground without reference, it is the brain that creates time]. Le Monde (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 2018-04-28.
  8. ^ Spinney, Laura (August 8, 2018). "This man spent months alone underground – and it warped his mind". New Scientist. Retrieved April 6, 2025.
  9. ^ "Addio a Michel Siffre, pioniere degli esperimenti di isolamento" [Farewell to Michel Siffre, pioneer of isolation experiments]. scintilena.com (in الإيطالية). 25 August 2024. Archived from the original on 26 August 2024.
  • Schut, Pierre-Olaf (2007). Une histoire culturelle de la spéléologie [A Cultural History of Speleology] (in الفرنسية). L’Harmattan. ISBN 978-2296033917.
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