نيوساوث ويلز

لمعلومات عن the historical region of Canada، انظر New Britain (Canada).

"NSW" redirects here. For other uses, see NSW (توضيح).

نيوساوث ويلز
Flag Coat of arms
Slogan or nickname	The First State The Premier State
Motto(s)	Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites (Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine)
Other Australian states and territories
Capital city	Sydney
Demonym	New South Welshman
Government	Constitutional monarchy
- Governor	Margaret Beazley
- Premier	Gladys Berejiklian (LP)
Australian state
- Established as Colony	26 January 1788
- Responsible government	6 June 1856
- Became Australian state	1 January 1901
- Australia Act	3 March 1986
Area
- Total	809٬444 كم² (5th) 312٬528 sq mi
- Land	800٬642 كم² 309٬130 sq mi
- المياه	8٬802 طك² (1.09%) 3٬398 sq mi
السكان (December 2018)
- السكان	8٬046٬070 (1st)
- Density	10.05/km² (3rd) 26 /sq mi
Elevation
- Highest point	Mount Kosciuszko 2،228 m (7،310 ft)
Gross state product (2017–18)
- Product ($m)	$593٬275 (1st)
- ن.م.إ. للفرد	$74٬955 (3rd)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+10 (AEST) UTC+11 (AEDT) UTC+9:30 (ACST) (Broken Hill) UTC+10:30 (ACDT) (Broken Hill) UTC+10:30 (LHST) (Lord Howe Island) UTC+11:00 (LHDT) (Lord Howe Island)
التمثيل الفدرالي
- مقاعد مجلس النواب	48/150
- مقاعد مجلس الشيوخ	12/76
Abbreviations
- الرمز البريدي	NSW
- ISO 3166-2	AU-NSW
Emblems
- الزهرة	Waratah (Telopea speciosissima)
- الحيوان	Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
- الطائر	Kookaburra (Dacelo gigas)
- السمكة	Blue groper (Achoerodus viridis)
- المعدن أو الحجر	Black Opal
- Fossil	Mandageria fairfaxi
- Colours	Sky blue (Pantone 291)
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.nsw.gov.au
Footnotes	Coordinates Emblems

نيوساوث ويلز (بالإنجليزية: New South Wales) هي أقدم ولايات أستراليا وأكثرها اكتظاظاً بالسكان، حيث بلغ عدد سكانها 6764600 نسمة في نهاية مارس عام 2005. تقع جنوب شرق أستراليا، شمال ولاية فكتوريا، وجنوب ولاية كوينزلاند. تأسست عام 1788.

تغطي نيوساوث ويلز مساحة قدرها 809444 كم²، وهي خامس أكبر ولاية أسترالية. عاصمة الولاية هي مدينة سيدني، أقدم وأكبر مدن أستراليا، والتي تعتبر مركزاً اقتصادياً هاماً في البلاد.

 تاريخ

 أبورجيني (السكان الأصليون)

المقالة الرئيسية: أستراليا ما قبل التاريخ

The original inhabitants of New South Wales were the Aboriginal tribes who arrived in Australia about 40,000 to 60,000 years ago. Before European settlement there were an estimated 250,000 Aboriginal people in the region.

The Wodi wodi people, who spoke a variant of the Dharawal language, are the original custodians of an area south of Sydney which was approximately bounded by modern Campbelltown, Shoalhaven River and Moss Vale and included the Illawarra.

The Bundjalung people are the original custodians of parts of the northern coastal areas.

There are other Aboriginal peoples whose traditional lands are within what is now New South Wales, including the Wiradjuri, Gamilaray, Yuin, Ngarigo, Gweagal, and Ngiyampaa peoples.

 1788—الاستيطان البريطاني

Founding of the settlement of Port Jackson at Botany Bay in New South Wales in 1788 – Thomas Gosse

في عام 1770، اكتشف القبطان جيمس كوك الساحل الشرقي لهولندا الجديدة (التي أخذت اسمها من هولندا)، والتي أصبحت الآن نيوساوث ويلز، التي أخذت هي الأخرى اسمها من جنوب ويلز. وفي عام 1788، أسس القبطان آرثر فيليب مستعمرة بريطانية جزائية في ميناء جاكسون، والتي هي الآن مدينة سيدني.

In 1770, James Cook charted the unmapped eastern coast of the continent of New Holland, now Australia, and claimed the entire coastline that he had just explored as British territory. Contrary to his instructions, Cook did not gain the consent of the Aboriginal inhabitants. Cook originally named the land New Wales, but on his return voyage to Britain he settled on the name New South Wales.

In January 1788 Arthur Phillip arrived in Botany Bay with the First Fleet of 11 vessels, which carried over a thousand settlers, including 736 convicts. A few days after arrival at Botany Bay, the fleet moved to the more suitable Port Jackson, where Phillip established a settlement at the place he named Sydney Cove (in honour of the Secretary of State, Lord Sydney) on 26 January 1788. This date later became Australia's national day, Australia Day. Governor Phillip formally proclaimed the colony on 7 February 1788 at Sydney. Phillip, as Governor of New South Wales, exercised nominal authority over all of Australia east of the 135th meridian east between the latitudes of 10°37'S and 43°39'S, and "all the islands adjacent in the Pacific Ocean". The area included modern New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania. He remained as governor until 1792.

The settlement was initially planned to be a self-sufficient penal colony based on subsistence agriculture. Trade and shipbuilding were banned to keep the convicts isolated. However, after the departure of Governor Phillip, the colony's military officers began acquiring land and importing consumer goods obtained from visiting ships. Former convicts also farmed land granted to them and engaged in trade. Farms spread to the more fertile lands surrounding Paramatta, Windsor and Camden, and by 1803 the colony was self-sufficient in grain. Boat building was developed to make travel easier and exploit the marine resources of the coastal settlements. Sealing and whaling became important industries.

In March 1804, Irish convicts led around 300 rebels in the Castle Hill Rebellion, an attempt to march on Sydney, commandeer a ship, and sail to freedom. Poorly armed, and with their leader Philip Cunningham captured, about 100 troops and volunteers routed the main body of insurgents at Rouse Hill. At least 39 convicts were killed in the uprising and subsequent executions.

Lachlan Macquarie (governor 1810–1821) commissioned the construction of roads, wharves, churches and public buildings, sent explorers out from Sydney, and employed a planner to design the street layout of Sydney. A road across the Blue Mountains was completed in 1815, opening the way for large scale farming and grazing in the lightly wooded pastures west of the Great Dividing Range.

Map of the south eastern portion of Australia, 1850

In 1825 Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) became a separate colony and the western border of New South Wales was extended to the 129th meridian east (now the West Australian border).

New South Wales established a military outpost on King George Sound in Western Australia in 1826 which was later transferred to the Swan River colony.^:61

In 1839, the UK decided to formally annex at least part of New Zealand to New South Wales. It was administered as a dependency until becoming the separate Colony of New Zealand on 3 May 1841.

From the 1820s, squatters increasingly established unauthorised cattle and sheep runs beyond the official limits of the settled colony. In 1836, an annual licence was introduced in an attempt to control the pastoral industry, but booming wool prices and the high cost of land in the settled areas encouraged further squatting. The expansion of the pastoral industry led to violent episodes of conflict between settlers and traditional Aboriginal landowners, such as the Myall Creek massacre of 1838. By 1844 wool accounted for half of the colony's exports and by 1850 most of the eastern third of New South Wales was controlled by fewer than 2,000 pastoralists.

The transportation of convicts to New South Wales ended in 1840, and in 1842 a Legislative Council was introduced, with two-thirds of its members elected and one-third appointed by the governor. Former convicts were granted the vote, but a property qualification meant that only one in five adult males were enfranchised.

By 1850 the settler population of New South Wales had grown to 180,000, not including the 70,000 living in the area which became the separate colony of Victoria in 1851.

 1850s to 1890s

George Street, Sydney, 1883, by Alfred Tischbauer)

Mr E.H. Hargraves, The Gold Discoverer of Australia, 12 February 1851 returning the salute of the gold miners

In 1856 New South Wales achieved responsible government with the introduction of a bicameral parliament comprising a directly elected Legislative Assembly and a nominated Legislative Council. William Charles Wentworth was prominent in this process, but his proposal for a hereditary upper house was widely ridiculed and subsequently dropped.

The property qualification for voters had been reduced in 1851, and by 1856 95 per cent of adult males in Sydney, and 55 per cent in the colony as a whole, were eligible to vote. Full adult male suffrage was introduced in 1858. In 1859 Queensland became a separate colony.

In 1861 the NSW parliament legislated land reforms intended to encourage family farms and mixed farming and grazing ventures. The amount of land under cultivation subsequently increased from 246,000 acres in 1861 to 800,000 acres in the 1880s. Wool production also continued to grow, and by the 1880s New South Wales produced almost half of Australia's wool. Coal had been discovered in the early years of settlement and gold in 1851, and by the 1890s wool, gold and coal were the main exports of the colony.

The NSW economy also became more diversified. From the 1860s, New South Wales had more people employed in manufacturing than any other Australian colony. The NSW government also invested strongly in infrastructure such as railways, telegraph, roads, ports, water and sewerage. By 1889 it was possible to travel by train from Brisbane to Adelaide via Sydney and Melbourne. The extension of the rail network inland also encouraged regional industries and the development of the wheat belt.

In the 1880s trade unions grew and were extended to lower skilled workers. In 1890 a strike in the shipping industry spread to wharves, railways, mines, and shearing sheds. The defeat of the strike was one of the factors leading the Trades and Labor Council to form a political party. The Labor Electoral League won a quarter of seats in the NSW elections of 1891 and held the balance of power between the Free Trade Party and the Protectionist Party.

The suffragette movement was developing at this time. The Womanhood Suffrage League of New South Wales was founded in 1891.

 1901—Federation of Australia

A Federal Council of Australasia was formed in 1885 but New South Wales declined to join. A major obstacle to the federation of the Australian colonies was the protectionist policies of Victoria which conflicted with the free trade policies dominant in New South Wales. Nevertheless, the NSW premier Henry Parkes was a strong advocate of federation and his Tenterfield Oration in 1889 was pivotal in gathering support for the cause. Parkes also struck a deal with Edmund Barton, leader of the NSW Protectionist Party, whereby they would work together for federation and leave the question of a protective tariff for a future Australian government to decide.

In early 1893 the first citizens' Federation League was established in the Riverina region of New South Wales and many other leagues were soon formed in the colony. The leagues organised a conference in Corowa in July 1893 which developed a plan for federation. The new NSW premier, George Reid, endorsed the "Corowa plan" and in 1895 convinced the majority of other premiers to adopt it. A constitutional convention held sessions in 1897 and 1898 which resulted in a proposed constitution for a Commonwealth of federated states. However, a referendum on the constitution failed to gain the required majority in New South Wales after that colony's Labor party campaigned against it and premier Reid gave it such qualified support that he earned the nickname "yes-no Reid".

The premiers of the other colonies agreed to a number of concessions to New South Wales (particularly that the future Commonwealth capital would be located in NSW), and in 1899 further referendums were held in all the colonies except Western Australia. All resulted in yes votes, with the yes vote in New South Wales meeting the required majority. The Imperial Parliament passed the necessary enabling legislation in 1900 and Western Australia subsequently voted to join the new federation. The Commonwealth of Australia was inaugurated on 1 January 1901, and Barton was sworn in as Australia's first prime minister.

 1901 to 1945

A corner grocery store during the Great Depression, Riley & Fitzroy Streets, Surry Hills, Sydney, 21 August 1934

The first post-federation NSW governments were Progressive or Liberal Reform and implemented a range of social reforms with Labor support. Women won the right to vote in NSW elections in 1902, but were ineligible to stand for parliament until 1918. Labor increased its parliamentary representation in every election from 1904 before coming to power in 1910 with a majority of one seat.

The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 saw more NSW volunteers for service than the federal authorities could handle, leading to unrest in camps as recruits waited for transfer overseas. In 1916 NSW premier William Holman and a number of his supporters were expelled from the Labor party over their support for military conscription. Holman subsequently formed a Nationalist government which remained in power until 1920. Despite a huge victory for Holman's pro-conscription Nationalists in the elections of March 1917, a second referendum on conscription held in December that year was defeated in New South Wales and nationally.

Following the war, NSW governments embarked on large public works programs including road building, the extension and electrification of the rail network and the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. The works were largely funded by loans from London, leading to a debt crisis after the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. New South Wales was hit harder by the depression than other states, and by 1932 one third of union members in the state were unemployed, compared with 20 per cent nationally.

Labor won the November 1930 NSW elections and Jack Lang became premier for the second time. In 1931 Lang proposed a plan to deal with the depression which included a suspension of interest payments to British creditors, diverting the money to unemployment relief. The Commonwealth and state premiers rejected the plan and later that year Lang's supporters in the Commonwealth parliament brought down James Scullin's federal Labor government. The NSW Lang government subsequently defaulted on overseas interest payments and was dismissed from office in May 1932 by the governor, Sir Phillip Game.

The following elections were won comfortably by the United Australia Party in coalition with the Country Party. Bertram Stevens became premier, remaining in office until 1939, when he was replaced by Alexander Mair.

A contemporary study by sociologist A. P. Elkin found that the population of New South Wales responded to the outbreak of war in 1939 with pessimism and apathy. This changed with the threat of invasion by Japan, which entered the war in December 1941. In May 1942 three Japanese midget submarines entered Sydney harbour and sank a naval ship, killing 29 men aboard. The following month Sydney and Newcastle were shelled by Japanese warships. American troops began arriving in the state in large numbers. Manufacturing, steelmaking, shipbuilding and rail transport all grew with the war effort and unemployment virtually disappeared.

A Labor government led by William McKell was elected in May 1941. The McKell government benefited from full employment, budget surpluses, and a co-operative relationship with John Curtin's federal Labor government. McKell became the first Labor leader to serve a full term and to be re-elected for a second. The Labor party was to govern New South Wales until 1965.

 Post-war period

The Labor government introduced two weeks of annual paid leave for most NSW workers in 1944, and the 40-hour working week was implemented by 1947. The post-war economic boom brought near-full employment and rising living standards, and the government engaged in large spending programs on housing, dams, electricity generation and other infrastructure. In 1954 the government announced a plan for the construction of an opera house on Bennelong Point. The design competition was won by Jørn Utzon. Controversy over the cost of the Sydney Opera House and construction delays became a political issue and was a factor in the eventual defeat of Labor in 1965 by the conservative Liberal Party and Country Party coalition led by Robert Askin.

The Askin government promoted private development, law and order issues and greater state support for non-government schools. However, Askin, a former bookmaker, became increasingly associated with illegal bookmaking, gambling and police corruption.

In the late 1960s, a secessionist movement in the New England region of the state led to a 1967 referendum on the issue which was narrowly defeated. The new state would have consisted of much of northern NSW including Newcastle.

The Sydney Opera House was completed in 1973 and has become a World Heritage Site.

Askin's resignation in 1975 was followed by a number of short-lived premierships by Liberal Party leaders. When a general election came in 1976, the ALP under Neville Wran came to power. Wran was able to transform this narrow one seat victory into landslide wins (known as Wranslides) in 1978 and 1981.

After winning a comfortable though reduced majority in 1984, Wran resigned as premier and left parliament. His replacement Barrie Unsworth struggled to emerge from Wran's shadow and lost a 1988 election against a resurgent Liberal Party led by Nick Greiner. The Greiner government embarked on an efficiency program involving public sector cost-cutting, the corporatisation of government agencies and the privatisation of some government services. An Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) was created. Greiner called a snap election in 1991 which the Liberals were expected to win. However, the ALP polled extremely well and the Liberals lost their majority and needed the support of independents to retain power.

In 1992, Greiner was investigated by ICAC for possible corruption over the offer of a public service position to a former Liberal MP. Greiner resigned but was later cleared of corruption. His replacement as Liberal leader and Premier was John Fahey, whose government narrowly lost the 1995 election to the ALP under Bob Carr, who was to become the longest serving premier of the state.

The Carr government (1995–2005) largely continued its predecessors' focus on the efficient delivery of government services such as health, education, transport and electricity. There was an increasing emphasis on public-private partnerships to deliver infrastructure such as freeways, tunnels and rail links. The Carr government gained popularity for its successful organisation of international events, especially the 2000 Sydney Olympics, but Carr himself was critical of the federal government over its high immigration intake, arguing that a disproportionate number of new migrants were settling in Sydney, putting undue pressure on state infrastructure.

Carr unexpectedly resigned from office in 2005 and was replaced by Morris Iemma, who remained premier after being re-elected in the March 2007 state election, until he was replaced by Nathan Rees in September 2008. Rees was subsequently replaced by Kristina Keneally in December 2009, who became the first female premier of New South Wales. Keneally's government was defeated at the 2011 state election and Barry O'Farrell became Premier on 28 March. On 17 April 2014 O'Farrell stood down as Premier after misleading an ICAC investigation concerning a gift of a bottle of wine. The Liberal Party then elected Treasurer Mike Baird as party leader and Premier. Baird resigned as Premier on 23 January 2017, and was replaced by Gladys Berejiklian.

On 23 March 2019, Berejiklian led the Coalition to a third term in office. She maintained high personal approval ratings for her management of a bushfire crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. However, Berejiklian resigned as premier on 5 October 2021, following the opening of an ICAC investigation into her actions between 2012 and 2018. She was replaced by Dominic Perrottet.

 الجغرافيا

المقالة الرئيسية: Geography of New South Wales

The Snowy Mountains

Mount Wilson in the Blue Mountains during autumn

مدن ولاية نيوساوث ويلز الثلاثة الرئيسية من الشمال إلى الجنوب هم: نيوكاسل، وسيدني، ووولونغونغ، ويقع جميعها على الساحل. المدن الأخرى المعروفة في الولاية هي: ألبري، وبروكن هيل، ودوبو، وميناء ماكواري، وتاموورث، وآرمدال، وإنفيريل، وليسمور، ونورا، وغريفيث، وكوينبيان، وجيرابومبيرا، وليتون، وواغا واغا، وغوولبورن، وميناء كوفس.

تجاور نيوساوث ويلز كوينزلاند من الشمال، وجنوب أستراليا من الغرب، وولاية فكتوريا من الجنوب. يواجه ساحلها بحر تاسمان.

New South Wales is bordered on the north by Queensland, on the west by South Australia, on the south by Victoria and on the east by the Coral and Tasman Seas. The Australian Capital Territory and the Jervis Bay Territory form a separately administered entity that is bordered entirely by New South Wales. The state can be divided geographically into four areas. New South Wales's three largest cities, Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong, lie near the centre of a narrow coastal strip extending from cool temperate areas on the far south coast to subtropical areas near the Queensland border. Gulaga National Park in the South Coast features the southernmost subtropical rainforest in the state.

The Illawarra region is centred on the city of Wollongong, with the Shoalhaven, Eurobodalla and the Sapphire Coast to the south. The Central Coast lies between Sydney and Newcastle, with the Mid North Coast and Northern Rivers regions reaching northwards to the Queensland border. Tourism is important to the economies of coastal towns such as Coffs Harbour, Lismore, Nowra and Port Macquarie, but the region also produces seafood, beef, dairy, fruit, sugar cane and timber.

The Southern Highlands

The Great Dividing Range extends from Victoria in the south through New South Wales to Queensland, parallel to the narrow coastal plain. This area includes the Snowy Mountains, the Northern, Central and Southern Tablelands, the Southern Highlands and the South West Slopes. Whilst not particularly steep, many peaks of the range rise above 1،000 متر (3،281 ft), with the highest Mount Kosciuszko at 2،228 m (7،310 ft). Skiing in Australia began in this region at Kiandra around 1861. The relatively short ski season underwrites the tourist industry in the Snowy Mountains. Agriculture, particularly the wool industry, is important throughout the highlands. Major centres include Armidale, Bathurst, Bowral, Goulburn, Inverell, Orange, Queanbeyan and Tamworth.

There are numerous forests in New South Wales, with such tree species as Red Gum Eucalyptus and Crow Ash (Flindersia australis), being represented. Forest floors have a diverse set of understory shrubs and fungi. One of the widespread fungi is Witch's Butter (Tremella mesenterica).

The western slopes and plains fill a significant portion of the state's area and have a much sparser population than areas nearer the coast. Agriculture is central to the economy of the western slopes, particularly the Riverina region and Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area in the state's south-west. Regional cities such as Albury, Dubbo, Griffith and Wagga Wagga and towns such as Deniliquin, Leeton and Parkes exist primarily to service these agricultural regions. The western slopes descend slowly to the western plains that comprise almost two-thirds of the state and are largely arid or semi-arid. The mining town of Broken Hill is the largest centre in this area.

One possible definition of the centre for New South Wales is located 33 كيلومتر (21 mi) west-north-west of Tottenham.

 Climate

Köppen climate types in New South Wales

A little more than half of the state has an arid to semi arid climate, where the rainfall averages from 150 إلى 500 ميليمتر (5.9 إلى 19.7 in) a year throughout most of this climate zone. Summer temperatures can be very hot, while winter nights can be quite cold in this region. Rainfall varies throughout the state. The far north-west receives the least, less than 180 mm (7 in) annually, while the east receives between 700 و 1،400 mm (28 و 55 in) of rain.

The climate along the flat, coastal plain east of the range varies from oceanic in the south to humid subtropical in the northern half of the state, right above Wollongong. Rainfall is highest in this area; however, it still varies from around 800 ميليمتر (31 in) to as high as 3،000 ميليمتر (120 in) in the wettest areas, for example Dorrigo. In the state's south, on the westward side of the Great Dividing Range, rainfall is heaviest in winter due to cold fronts which move across southern Australia, while in the north, around Lismore, rain is heaviest in summer from tropical systems and occasionally even cyclones. During late winter, the coastal plain is relatively dry due to foehn winds that originate from the Great Dividing Range; the mountain range block the moist, westerly cold fronts that arrive from the Southern Ocean, whereby providing generally clear conditions on the leeward side.

The climate in the southern half of the state is generally warm to hot in summer and cool in the winter. The seasons are more defined in the southern half of the state, especially as one moves inland towards South West Slopes, Central West and the Riverina region. The climate in the northeast region of the state, or the North Coast, bordering Queensland, is hot and humid in the summer and mild in winter. The Northern Tablelands, which are also on the North coast, have relatively mild summers and cold winters, due to their high elevation on the Great Dividing Range.

Peaks along the Great Dividing Range vary from 500 متر (1،640 ft) to over 2،000 متر (6،562 ft) above sea level. Temperatures can be cool to cold in winter with frequent frosts and snowfall, and are rarely hot in summer due to the elevation. Lithgow has a climate typical of the range, as do the regional cities of Orange, Cooma, Oberon and Armidale. Such places fall within the subtropical highland (Cwb) variety. Rainfall is moderate in this area, ranging from 600 إلى 800 mm (24 إلى 31 in).

Snowfall is common in the higher parts of the range, sometimes occurring as far north as the Queensland border. On the highest peaks of the Snowy Mountains, the climate can be subpolar oceanic and even alpine on the higher peaks with very cold temperatures and heavy snow. The Blue Mountains, Southern Tablelands and Central Tablelands, which are situated on the Great Dividing Range, have mild to warm summers and cold winters, although not as severe as those in the Snowy Mountains.

The highest maximum temperature recorded was 49.7 °C (121 °F) at Menindee in the west of the state on 10 January 1939. The lowest minimum temperature was −23 °C (−9 °F) at Charlotte Pass in the Snowy Mountains on 29 June 1994. This is also the lowest temperature recorded in the whole of Australia excluding the Antarctic Territory.

بيانات المناخ لـ New South Wales
الشهر	ينا	فب	مار	أبر	ماي	يون	يول	أغس	سبت	أكت	نوف	ديس	السنة
القصوى القياسية °س (°ف)	49.7 (121.5)	48.5 (119.3)	45.0 (113.0)	40.0 (104.0)	34.4 (93.9)	31.0 (87.8)	31.7 (89.1)	37.8 (100.0)	39.6 (103.3)	43.9 (111.0)	46.8 (116.2)	48.9 (120.0)	49.7 (121.5)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف)	−5.6 (21.9)	−7.0 (19.4)	−7.2 (19.0)	−13.0 (8.6)	−13.4 (7.9)	−23.0 (−9.4)	−19.6 (−3.3)	−20.6 (−5.1)	−16.7 (1.9)	−12.0 (10.4)	−9.4 (15.1)	−7.0 (19.4)	−23.0 (−9.4)
Source: Bureau of Meteorology

 السكان

انظر أيضاً: Demographics of Sydney, List of population demographics of New South Wales by local government area, and Demographics of Australia

The estimated resident population since 1981

The estimated population of New South Wales at the end of December 2021 was 8,095,430 people, representing approximately 31.42% of nationwide population.

In June 2017 Sydney was home to almost two-thirds (65.3%) of the NSW population.

 المدن والبلدات

Sydney is Australia's most populous city.

Newcastle

Wollongong

Population by Statistical Area Level 4 and 3

NSW rank	Statistical Area Level 2	Population (30 June 2014)	10-year growth rate	Population density (people/km2)
1	Greater Sydney	4,940,628	15.7	397.4
2	Newcastle and Lake Macquarie	368,131	9.0	423.1
3	Illawarra	296,845	9.3	192.9
4	Hunter Valley excluding Newcastle	264,087	16.2	12.3
5	Richmond Tweed	242,116	8.9	23.6
6	Capital region	220,944	10.9	4.3
7	Mid North Coast	212,787	9.2	11.3
8	Central West	209,850	7.9	3.0
9	New England and North West	186,262	5.3	1.9
10	Riverina	158,144	4.7	2.8
11	Southern Highlands and Shoalhaven	146,388	10.4	21.8
12	Coffs Harbour-Grafton	136,418	7.6	10.3
13	Far West and Orana	119,742	0.3	0.4
14	Murray	116,130	4.0	1.2
	New South Wales	7,518,472	10.4	13.0

Population by Significant Urban Area

NSW rank	Significant Urban Area	Population (30 June 2018/2021 Census)	Australia rank	10-year growth rate
1	Sydney	4,835,206	1	19.3
–	Gold Coast – Tweed Heads	654,073	6	–
2	Newcastle – Maitland	505,489	7	11.3
3	Gosford (Central Coast)	338,567	9	19.5
4	Wollongong	312,167	11	11.2
–	Albury – Wodonga	97,274	20	14.9
5	Coffs Harbour	71,822	25	11.8
6	Wagga Wagga	67,609	28	6.7
7	Albury	56,093	30	14.9
8	Port Macquarie	47,973	33	15.6
9	Tamworth	42,872	34	10.9
10	Orange	40,493	36	12.9
11	Bowral – Mittagong	39,887	37	13.5
12	Dubbo	38,392	39	12.2
13	Nowra – Bomaderry	37,420	42	14
14	Bathurst	33,801	43	15.0
15	Lismore	28,720	49	−0.9
16	Nelson Bay	28,051	50	13.2
17	Tweed Heads– Tweed Heads South
18	Taree	26,448	55	2.3
19	Ballina	26,381	55	10.1
20	Morisset – Cooranbong	25,309	57	15.1
21	Armidale	24,504	58	7.0
22	Goulburn	23,835	59	12
23	Forster – Tuncurry	21,159	65	7.3
24	Griffith	20,251	66	11.5
25	St Georges Basin – Sanctuary Point	19,251	68	19.1
26	Grafton	19,078	69	3.5
27	Camden Haven	17,835	73	12.4
28	Broken Hill	17,734	74	−9.5
29	Batemans Bay	16,485	78	4.4
30	Singleton	16,346	79	−0.6
31	Ulladulla	16,213	81	11.8
32	Kempsey	15,309	84	5.8
33	Lithgow	12,973	93	4.8
34	Mudgee	12,410	95	21.5
35	Muswellbrook	12,364	96	5.0
36	Parkes	11,224	98	2.1
New South Wales		7,480,228	N/A	17.6

 Ancestry and immigration

Country of Birth (2021)

Birthplace	Population
Australia	5,277,497
China	247,595
England	231,385
India	208,962
New Zealand	118,527
Philippines	106,930
Vietnam	97,995
Nepal	64,946
Lebanon	63,293
Iraq	55,353
South Korea	53,046
South Africa	42,347

At the تعداد 2021, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:

• English (29.8%)
• Australian (28.6%)
• Irish (9.1%)
• Scottish (7.7%)
• Chinese (7.2%)
• Italian (3.7%)
• Indian (3.2%)
• Indigenous (3.0%)
• German (3.0%)
• Lebanese (2.2%)
• Filipino (1.9%)
• Greek (1.8%)
• Vietnamese (1.5%)
• Dutch (1.1%)
• Maltese (1.0%)

At the تعداد 2021, there were 2,794,666 people living in New South Wales that were born overseas, accounting for 34.6% of the population. Only 43.7% of the population had both parents born in Australia.

3.4% of the population, or 278,043 people, identified as Indigenous Australians (Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) in 2021.

 Language

According to the تعداد 2021, 29.5% of people in New South Wales speak a language other than English at home with Mandarin (3.4%), Arabic (2.8%), Cantonese (1.8%), Vietnamese (1.5%) and Hindi (1.0%) being the most popular.

 Religion

Religious Affiliations in New South Wales (2021 Census)

  Christianity (47.6%)

  No Religious Affiliation (33.2%)

  Islam (4.3%)

  Hinduism (3.4%)

  Buddhism (2.8%)

  Other (8.7%)

In the تعداد 2021, Christianity was the primary religious affiliation in New South Wales (NSW), comprising 47.6% of the population, mostly Roman Catholicism (22.4%) and Anglicanism (11.9%). This percentage has declined over time, while the number of people identifying with no religious affiliation has risen. In 2016, the Christian affiliation rate was 55.2%, and in 1971 it was 88.4%. About 33.2% of people in NSW reported having no religious affiliation in 2021.

About 12.1% of the population in 2021 identified with a non-Christian religion, with Islam (4.3%), Hinduism (3.4%), and Buddhism (2.8%) being the most common.

 الاقتصاد

المقالة الرئيسية: اقتصاد نيو ساوث ويلز

The Sydney Harbour Bridge is an important tourist attraction for New South Wales and a globally recognised image of Australia itself.

Port Kembla is notable for its steelworks industry, with many ships utilising the port.

 الزراعة

انظر أيضاً: Agriculture in Australia

Aerial view of mixed crops near Coolamon

The Hunter Valley is known for its vineyards and wineries.

 الثقافة

The Big Golden Guitar in Tamworth represents the city's country music culture.

 الولايات الشقيقة

New South Wales in recent history has pursued bilateral partnerships with other federated states/provinces and metropolises through establishing a network of sister state relationships. The state currently has 7 sister states:

• Guangdong, China (since 1979)
• Tokyo, Japan (since 1984)
• Ehime, Japan (since 1999)
• North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (since 1989)
• Seoul, South Korea (since 1991)
• Jakarta, Indonesia (since 1994)
• California, United States (since 1997)

 انظر أيضاً

• قالب:Books-inline
• Outline of Australia
• Index of Australia-related articles
• Geology of New South Wales
• NSW Volunteer of the Year
• Postage stamps and postal history of New South Wales
• Selection (Australian history)
• Squattocracy
• Territorial evolution of Australia

 وصلات خارجية

• Official NSW Website
• NSW Parliament
• Official NSW Tourism Website
• New South Wales at the Open Directory Project
• Geographic data related to نيوساوث ويلز at OpenStreetMap