رئيس الاحتياط الفدرالي

(تم التحويل من Chair of the Federal Reserve)
رئيس مجلس محافظي نظام الاحتياط الفدرالي
Seal of the United States Federal Reserve Board.svg
ختم مجلس المحافظين
Flag of the United States Federal Reserve.svg
علم نظام الاحتياط الفدرالي
Jerome H. Powell, Federal Reserve Chair.jpg
الحالي
جروم پاول
منذ 5 فبراير 2018
نظام الاحتياط الفدرالي الأمريكي
الأسلوبالسيد الرئيس
عضومجلس المحافظين
لجنة السوق المفتوح
يرأسهالكونگرس الأمريكي
المقعدمبنى إكلس
واشنطن دي سي
المعيـِّنرئيس الولايات المتحدة
طول المدةأربع سنوات قابلة للتجديد (كرئيس)
14 سنة غير قابلة للتجديد (كمحافظ)
المجلس التمثيليقانون الاحتياط الفدرالي
التشكل10 أغسطس 1914; 111 years ago (1914-08-10
أول شاغلتشارلز سمنر هاملين
النائبنائب رئيس الاحتياط الفدرالي
الراتبالجدول التنفيذي، المستوى الأول[1]
الموقع الإلكترونيfederalreserve.gov

رئيس مجلس محافظي الاحتياط الفدرالي، هو رئيس الاحتياط الفدرالي، وموظف تنفيذي نشط في مجلس محافظي نظام الاحتياط الفدرالي. يترأس الرئيس اجتماعات مجلس المحافظين.[2]

يشغل الرئيس منصبه لمدة أربع سنوات بعد ترشيحه من قبل رئيس الولايات المتحدة وتصديق مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي؛ ويشغل في الوقت نفسه عضوية مجلس المحافظين. يجوز للرئيس أن يشغل المنصب لعدة فترات، شريطة إعادة ترشيحه وتصديق مجلس الشيوخ في كل مرة؛ وكان وليام مكشسني مارتن (1951-1970) أطول الرؤساء خدمة، يليه آلان گرين‌سپان (1987-2006).

أدى جروم پاول اليمين كرئيس في 5 فبراير 2018.[3][4] والذي ترشح لمنصبه لأول مرة من قبل الرئيس دونالد ترمپ في 2 نوفمبر 2017،[5] وصدق على مجلس الشيوخ على ترشيحه. وترشح لفترة ثانية من قبل الرئيس جو بايدن وصدق على ترشيحه مجلس الشيوخ، وأدى اليمين في 23 مايو 2022.[6][7]

عملية التعيين

رؤساء الاحتياط الفدرالي (من اليسار إلى اليمين): جانت يلن، آلان گرين‌سپان، بن برنانكي، وپول ڤولكر. الصورة أُلتقطت في 1 مايو 2014، عندما كانت آلان رئيسة للاحتياط الفدرالي.

As stipulated by the Banking Act of 1935, the chairman is chosen by the president from among the sitting governors to serve four-year terms with the advice and consent of the Senate.[2][8][9][10] The Senate Committee responsible for vetting a Federal Reserve chair nominee is the Senate Committee on Banking.

مهام الرئيس

By law, at meetings of the board the chair presides, or in the absence of the chair, the vice chair presides. In the absence of the chair and the vice chair, the board elects a member to act as chair pro tempore.[11]

Under the chair's leadership, the Board's responsibilities include analysis of domestic and international financial and economic developments. The board also supervises and regulates the Federal Reserve Banks, exercises responsibility in the nation's payments system, and administers consumer credit protection laws.[12]

By custom, the chair also chairs the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), which directs short-term U.S. monetary policy. Although the statute and rules of the FOMC allow it to elect any member as its chair,[13] it has always chosen the chair of the Board in practice.

By law, the chair reports twice a year to Congress on the Federal Reserve's monetary policy objectives. The chair of the Federal Reserve also testifies before Congress on numerous other financial issues and meets periodically with the treasury secretary, who is a member of the president's Cabinet.[14]

قانون تضارب المصالح

The law applicable to the chair and all other members of the board provides (in part):

No member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall be an officer or director of any bank, banking institution, trust company, or Federal Reserve bank or hold stock in any bank, banking institution, or trust company; and before entering upon his duties as a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System he shall certify under oath that he has complied with this requirement, and such certification shall be filed with the secretary of the Board.[15]

الراتب

The chair of the Federal Reserve is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule,[1] thus earning the salary for that level (US$246,400, as of April 2024).[16]

قائمة رؤساء الاحتياط الفدرالي

The following is a list of past and present chairs of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. A chair serves for a four-year term after appointment, but may be reappointed for several further four-year terms. Since the Federal Reserve was established in 1914, the following people have served as chair.[أ][17][18]

الترتيب صورة الاسم
(وُلد–توفى) 		فترة المنصب [ب] مدة المنصب التعيين [ت]
بداية الفترة نهاية الفترة
- William-gibbs-mcadoo-desk.jpg McAdoo, William GibbsWilliam Gibbs McAdoo
(1863–1941) 		23 ديسمبر 1913 10 أغسطس 1914 230 days بحكم منصبه[ث]
1 HAMLIN, CHARLES S. ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, 1913- LCCN2016864808 (cropped).jpg Hamlin, CharlesCharles Hamlin
(1861–1938) 		10 أغسطس 1914 9 أغسطس 1916 1 years, 365 days وودرو ويلسون
2 W. P. G. Harding LCCN2016858906 (retouched).jpg Harding, WilliamWilliam Harding
(1864–1930) 		10 أغسطس 1916 9 أغسطس 1922 5 years, 364 days
3 Daniel R. Crissinger cropped.jpg Crissinger, DanielDaniel Crissinger
(1860–1942) 		1 مايو 1923 15 سبتمبر 1927 4 years, 137 days وارن هاردنگ
4 Chair Roy A Young 140501.jpg Young, RoyRoy Young
(1882–1960) 		4 أكتوبر 1927 31 أغسطس 1930 2 years, 331 days كالڤن كولدج
5 Portrait of Eugene Meyer.jpg Meyer, EugeneEugene Meyer
(1875–1959) 		16 سبتمبر 1930 10 مايو 1933 2 years, 236 days هربرت هوڤر
6 Eugene R Black 1934 (cropped).jpg Black, EugeneEugene Black
(1873–1934) 		19 مايو 1933 15 أغسطس 1934 1 years, 88 days فرانكلن روزڤلت
7 Marriner Eccles 1939 (cropped).jpg Eccles, MarrinerMarriner Eccles
(1890–1977) 		15 نوفمبر1934 31 يناير 1948[ج] 13 years, 77 days
8 00035 DUP (14083184875).jpg McCabe, ThomasThomas McCabe
(1893–1982) 		15 أبريل 1948 31 مارس 1951 2 years, 350 days هاري ترومان
9 William McChesney Martin jr.jpg McChesney Martin, WilliamWilliam McChesney Martin
(1906–1998) 		2 أبريل 1951 31 يناير 1970 18 years, 304 days هاري ترومان
دوايت أيزنهاور
جون كندي
ليندون جونسون
10 ArthurBurns USArmyPhoto 1955.jpg Burns, ArthurArthur Burns
(1904–1987) 		1 فبراير 1970 31 يناير 1978[ح] 7 years, 364 days رتشارد نكسون
جيرالد فورد
11 G. William Miller.jpg Miller, WilliamWilliam Miller
(1925–2006) 		8 مارس 1978 6 أغسطس 1979 1 years, 151 days جيمي كارتر
12 Paulvolcker.jpg پول ڤولكر
(1927–2019) 		6 أغسطس 1979 11 أغسطس 1987 8 years, 5 days جيمي كارتر
رونالد ريگان
13 Alan Greenspan color photo portrait.jpg آلان گرين‌سپان
(و. 1926) 		11 أغسطس 1987[خ] 31 يناير 2006 18 years, 173 days رونالد ريگان
جورج بوش الأب
بيل كلنتون
جورج بوش الابن
14 Ben Bernanke official portrait.jpg بن برنانكي
(و. 1953) 		1 فبراير 2006 31 يناير 2014 7 years, 364 days جورج بوش الابن
باراك أوباما
15 Janet Yellen official Federal Reserve portrait.jpg جانت يلن
(و. 1946) 		3 فبراير 2014 3 فبراير 2018 4 years, 0 day باراك أوباما
16 Jerome H. Powell, Federal Reserve Chair.jpg جروم پاول
(و. 1953) 		5 فبراير 2018[د] الحالي 7 years, 360 days دونالد ترمپ
جو بايدن

انظر أيضاً

الهوامش

  1. ^ The position was established as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board on December 23, 1913; thereafter became Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on August 23, 1935; and re-aligned to be gender-neutral after Yellen became the first female officeholder on February 3, 2014.
  2. ^ The start date given here for each officeholder is the day they took the oath of office, and the end date is the day of their term expiration, resignation, or retirement.
  3. ^ A fixed term with reappointment for the Chair, then known as Governor, was not added to the Federal Reserve Act until the Banking Act of 1935 (P.L. 74-305, 49 Stat. 684).
  4. ^ Upon enactment of the Federal Reserve Act on December 23, 1913, the United States secretary of the treasury became ex officio chairman of the Federal Reserve Board and a member of the Reserve Bank Organization Committee (RBOC); all appointed officeholders, from William Gibbs McAdoo to Henry Morgenthau Jr., concurrently served in the position until the Banking Act of 1935 was signed into law on Aug. 23, 1935, which became effective on Feb. 1, 1936. That legislation ceased ex-officio membership, and the active executive officer (previously called the governor of the Federal Reserve Board) became the chairman of the Board of Governors. For purposes of this list, the governor has been perceived as the head of the Federal Reserve System since the establishment of that position on August 10, 1914, because the treasury secretary is a political appointee who can be dismissed by the president of the United States at any time, whereas the Federal Reserve has been created as an independent government agency.
  5. ^ Served as chairman pro tempore from February 3 to April 15, 1948.
  6. ^ Served as chairman pro tempore from February 1 to March 8, 1978.
  7. ^ Served as chairman pro tempore from March 3 to June 20, 1996, while awaiting confirmation by the United States Senate for his third term as chairman.
  8. ^ Served as chair pro tempore from February 5 to May 23, 2022, while awaiting confirmation by the United States Senate for his second term as chair.

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب 5 U.S.C. § 5312
  2. ^ أ ب see 12 U.S.C. § 242
  3. ^ "Jerome H. Powell sworn in as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System". Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2018-02-06. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  4. ^ Cox, Jeff (2018-02-05). "Jerome Powell takes the reins at the Fed amid market sell-off, jump in yields". CNBC (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Archived from the original on 2018-02-05. Retrieved 2022-02-06.
  5. ^ Gensler, Lauren (November 2, 2017). "Trump Taps Jerome Powell As Next Fed Chair In Call For Continuity". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  6. ^ "Jerome H. Powell sworn in for second term as Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System". Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2022-05-23. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  7. ^ Saphir, Ann (2022-05-23). "Powell sworn in to second four-year term as U.S. Fed chief". Reuters (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Archived from the original on September 2, 2022.
  8. ^ "The Fed - Board Members". Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. February 21, 2018. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
  9. ^ "The Structure of the Federal Reserve System". Federalreserve.gov. Archived from the original on April 23, 2015. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
  10. ^ Federal Reserve (يناير 16, 2009). "Board of Governors FAQ". Federal Reserve. Archived from the original on يناير 17, 2009. Retrieved يناير 16, 2009.
  11. ^ see 12 U.S.C. § 244
  12. ^ "The Structure and Functions of the Federal Reserve System". www.federalreserveeducation.org. February 21, 2019. Archived from the original on November 13, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
  13. ^ see FOMC Rules of Organisation at https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/rules_authorizations.htm
  14. ^ "Chair of the Federal Reserve Board". www.stlouisfed.org. February 12, 2019. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
  15. ^ 12 U.S.C. § 244
  16. ^ "Rates of Basic Pay for the Executive Schedule" (PDF). OPM. 2022-01-01. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 8, 2022. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
  17. ^ "Chairs". Membership of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1914–present. The Federal Reserve Board. March 1, 2025 [updated as required]. Archived from the original on February 12, 2022.
  18. ^ "People: Federal Reserve Chair". Federal Reserve System.

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