داروين، الإقليم الشمالي

هذا المقال هو عن the city of Darwin. إذا كنت تريد the local government area، انظر مدينة داروين.

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داروين Northern Territory
Darwin CBD Darwin Waterfront Convention Centre Parliament House Government House
داروين Location in Australia
Coordinates	12°26′17″S 130°50′28″E
Population	139٬902 (2021) (17th)
• Density	44٫2196/km2 (114٫5283/sq mi)
Established	1869
Area	3٬163٫8 km2 (1٬221٫6 sq mi) (2011 urban)
Time zone	ACST (UTC+9:30)
Location	1٬679 km (1٬043 mi) from Cairns 2٬616 km (1٬626 mi) from Adelaide 2٬652 km (1٬648 mi) from Perth 2٬846 km (1٬768 mi) from Brisbane 3٬127 km (1٬943 mi) from Canberra
LGA(s)	Darwin, Palmerston, Litchfield
County	Palmerston County
Territory electorate(s)	Port Darwin (and 14 others)
Federal division(s)	Solomon, Lingiari
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall 32.2 °C 90 °F 23.4 °C 74 °F 1٬811٫7 mm 71.3 in

Darwin, Northern Territory Capital city, Australia

داروين Darwin []ˈdɑrwɪn[]، هي مدينة-عاصمة الإقليم الشمالي، أستراليا. تقع داروين على بحر تيمور، وتعتبر أكبر المدن في الإقليم الشمالي ذو الكثافة السكانية المنخفضة، حيث يبلغ عدد سكانها 136.245 نسمة. وهي أصغر وأقصى المدن العواصم الأسترالية شمالاً، وتمثل مركز توپ إند الإقليمي.

قرب داروين من جنوب شرق آسيا يجعلها بوابة أسترالية هامة لبلدان مثل إندونسيا وتيمور الشرقية. طريق ستوارت السريع يبدأ في داروين، وينتهي في پورت أوگوستا في أستراليا الجنوبية. بُنيت المدينة على منحدر منخفض يشرف على مرفأ. تنتشر ضواحيهأ في بعض الناطق، بدءاً من لي پوينت في الشمال وتمتد حتى بريماه في الشرق. پاست بريماه، طريق ستوارت السريع يمتد حتى مدينة پالمرستون التابعة لدارون وضواحيها. منطقة داروين، مثل بقية مناطق توپ إند، تتمتع بمناخ إستوائي، مع موسم أمطار وموسم الجفاف. تشتهر المدينة لطقسه الدافيء-الحار في جميع أقوات السنة. لتعرضها لنشاط الأعاصير خلال موسم الأمطار، تواجه داروين الأمطار الموسمية الثقيلة وضربات البرق القوية. أثناء موسم الجفاف، تتمتع المدينة بمنظر السماء الزرقاء ونسيم البحر العليل القادم من الميناء الخلاب.

منطقة داروين الكبرى موطن لشعب اللاراكيا. في 9 سبتمبر 1839، أبرحت إتش إم إس بيگل لميناء داروين في مهمتها لمسح المنطقة. أطلق جون كلمنتس ويكهام على المنطقة اسم "پورت داروين" تكريماً لزميل ملاحتهم الراحل تشارلز داروين، الذي أبحر معهم أثناء رحلتهم السابقة والتي انتهت في أكتوبر 1836. عام 1869 أصبحت تلك المستوطنة بلدة پالمرتسون، وأعيد تسميتها بداروين عام 1911. بعد أن تم بنائها بالكامل تقريباً مرتين، الأولى بسبب الغارات الجوية اليابانية أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية، والثانية بعد أن دمرها إعصار تراسي عام 1974، أصبحت المدينة واحدة من أحدث عواصم أستراليا.

 التاريخ

المقالة الرئيسية: تاريخ داروين

انظر أيضاً: تاريخ الإقليم الشمالي

 تاريخ السكان الأصليين

The Aboriginal people of the Larrakia language group are the traditional custodians and earliest known inhabitants of the greater Darwin area. Their name for the area is Garramilla, pronounced []ɡa:rəmɪlə[] and meaning "white stone", referring to the colour of rock and sea cliffs found in the area. They had trading routes with Southeast Asia (see Macassan contact with Australia) and imported goods from as far afield as South and Western Australia. Established songlines penetrated throughout the country, allowing stories and histories to be told and retold along the routes. The extent of shared songlines and history of multiple clan groups within this area is contestable.

 Pre-20th century

The Dutch visited Australia's northern coastline in the 1600s and landed on the Tiwi Islands only to be attacked by the Tiwi peoples. The Dutch created the first European maps of the area. This accounts for the Dutch names in the area, such as Arnhem Land and Groote Eylandt. During this period, Dutch explorers named the region around Darwin—sometimes including nearby Kimberley—variations of "Van Diemen's Land", after the VOC governor-general Anthony van Diemen. This should not be confused with the more general and prolonged use of the same name for Tasmania.

The first Briton to see Darwin harbour appears to have been Lieutenant John Lort Stokes of إتش‌إم‌إس Beagle on 9 September 1839. The ship's captain, Commander John Clements Wickham, named the port after Charles Darwin, the British naturalist who had sailed with him when he served as first lieutenant on the earlier second expedition of the Beagle.

A map of Port Darwin, (1870)

In 1863, the Northern Territory was transferred from New South Wales to South Australia. In 1864 South Australia sent B. T. Finniss north as Government Resident to survey and found a capital for its new territory. Finniss chose a site at Escape Cliffs, near the entrance to Adelaide River, about 60 كيلومتر (37 mi) northeast of the modern city. This attempt was short-lived, and the settlement abandoned by 1865. On 5 February 1869, George Goyder, the Surveyor-General of South Australia, established a small settlement of 135 people at Port Darwin between Fort Hill and the escarpment. Goyder named the settlement Palmerston after British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston. In 1870, the first poles for the Overland Telegraph were erected in Darwin, connecting Australia to the rest of the world. The discovery of gold by employees of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line digging holes for telegraph poles at Pine Creek in the 1880s spawned a gold rush, which further boosted the colony's development.

Mitchell Street, 1879

In February 1872 the brigantine Alexandra was the first private vessel to sail from an English port directly to Darwin, carrying people many of whom were coming to recent gold finds.

Port Darwin, 1886

In early 1875 Darwin's white population had grown to approximately 300 because of the gold rush. On 17 February 1875 the إس‌إس Gothenburg left Darwin en route for Adelaide. The approximately 88 passengers and 34 crew (surviving records vary) included government officials, circuit-court judges, Darwin residents taking their first furlough, and miners. While travelling south along the north Queensland coast, the Gothenburg encountered a cyclone-strength storm and was wrecked on a section of the Great Barrier Reef. Only 22 men survived, while between 98 and 112 people perished. Many passengers who perished were Darwin residents, and news of the tragedy severely affected the small community, which reportedly took several years to recover.

In the 1870s, relatively large numbers of Chinese settled at least temporarily in the Northern Territory; many were contracted to work the goldfields and later to build the Palmerston to Pine Creek railway. By 1888 there were 6,122 Chinese in the Northern Territory, mostly in or around Darwin. The early Chinese settlers were mainly from Guangdong Province. The Chinese community established Darwin Chinatown. At the end of the 19th century, anti-Chinese feelings grew in response to the 1890s economic depression, and the White Australia policy meant many Chinese left the territory. But some stayed, became British subjects, and established a commercial base in Darwin.

 Early 20th century

Smith Street in the 1930s

The Northern Territory was initially settled and administered by South Australia, until its transfer to the Commonwealth in 1911. In the same year, the city's official name changed from Palmerston to Darwin.

The Japanese bombings of Darwin

The period between 1911 and 1919 was filled with political turmoil, particularly with trade union unrest, which culminated on 17 December 1918. Led by Harold Nelson, some 1,000 demonstrators marched to Government House at Liberty Square in Darwin, where they burnt an effigy of the Administrator of the Northern Territory, John Gilruth, and demanded his resignation. The incident became known as the Darwin Rebellion. Their grievances were against the two main Northern Territory employers: Vestey's Meatworks and the federal government. Both Gilruth and the Vestey company left Darwin soon afterward.

On 18 October 1918, during the Spanish flu pandemic, the SS Mataram sailing from Singapore with infectious diseases arrived in Darwin.

In 1931, the 17 remaining patients from the leprosarium at Cossack, Western Australia were moved to Darwin, after it closed down. It was at a time when many Aboriginal people who were thought to have leprosy or other infectious diseases were sent to lock hospitals and leprosariums under the Aborigines Act 1905, which gave the Chief Protector of Aborigines powers to arrest and send any Indigenous person suspected of having a range of diseases to one of these institutions.

Around 10,000 Australian and other Allied troops arrived in Darwin at the outset of World War II to defend Australia's northern coast. On 19 February 1942 at 9:57 am, 188 Japanese warplanes attacked Darwin in two waves. It was the same fleet that had bombed Pearl Harbor, though considerably more bombs were dropped on Darwin than on Pearl Harbor. The attack killed at least 243 people and caused immense damage to the town, airfields, and aircraft. These were by far the most serious attacks on Australia in time of war, in terms of fatalities and damage. They were the first of many raids on Darwin.

Darwin Chinatown which lay within the heart of Darwin was razed to the ground by the Japanese bombing and was never rebuilt. Northern Territory administrator Aubrey Abbott wanted to eliminate the Chinese community and forcibly seized their land as it was considered prime real estate.

Darwin was further developed after the war, with sealed roads constructed connecting the region to Alice Springs to the south and Mount Isa to the southeast, and Manton Dam built in the south to provide the city with water. On Australia Day (26 January) 1959, Darwin was granted city status.

 1970-اليوم

Remains of Palmerston Town Hall, destroyed by Cyclone Tracy

On 25 December 1974, Darwin was struck by Cyclone Tracy, which killed 71 people and destroyed over 70% of the city's buildings, including many old stone buildings such as the Palmerston Town Hall, which could not withstand the lateral forces the winds generated. After the disaster, 30,000 of the population of 46,000 were evacuated in the biggest airlift in Australia's history. The town was rebuilt with newer materials and techniques during the late 1970s by the Darwin Reconstruction Commission, led by former Brisbane Lord mayor Clem Jones. A satellite city of Palmerston was built 20 km (12 mi) east of Darwin in the early 1980s.

On 17 September 2003, the Adelaide–Darwin railway was completed, with the opening of the Alice Springs–Darwin standard gauge line.

 Aviation history

Darwin Aviation Heritage Centre – 1st Ultralight – Hover Bird

Darwin hosted many of aviation's early pioneers. On 10 December 1919, Captain Ross Smith and his crew landed in Darwin and won a £10,000 prize from the Australian government for completing the first flight from London to Australia in under 30 days. Smith and his crew flew a Vickers Vimy, G-EAOU, and landed on an airstrip that has become Ross Smith Avenue.

Other aviation pioneers include Amy Johnson, Amelia Earhart, Sir Charles Kingsford Smith and Bert Hinkler. The original QANTAS Empire Airways Ltd Hangar, a registered heritage site, was part of the original Darwin Civil Aerodrome in Parap and is now a museum that still bears scars from the bombing of Darwin during World War II.

Darwin was home to Australian and U.S. pilots during the war, with airstrips built in and around Darwin. Today Darwin provides a staging ground for military exercises.

Darwin was a compulsory stopover and checkpoint in the London-to-Melbourne Centenary Air Race in 1934. The official name of the race was the MacRobertson Air Race. Winners of the race were Tom Campbell Black and C. W. A. Scott.

The following is an excerpt from Time magazine, 29 October 1934:

Third Day. Biggest sensation of the race came just before dawn on the third day, when burly Lieutenant Scott and dapper Captain Black flew their scarlet Comet into Darwin. They had covered the last 300 ميل [480 km] over water on one motor, risked death landing on a field made soggy by the first rain in seven months. Said sandy-haired Lieutenant Scott: "We've had a devil of a trip." But they had flown 9000 ميل [14000 km] in two days, had broken the England to Australia record of 162 hr. in the unbelievable time of 52hr. 33 min., were only 2000 ميل [3200 km] from their goal at Melbourne.

The Darwin Aviation Museum is about 8 km (5 mi) from the city centre on the Stuart Highway and is one of only three places outside the United States where a B-52 bomber (on permanent loan from the United States Air Force) is on public display.

 الجغرافيا

أفق داروين من إيست پوينت في 2007.

Darwin is a coastal city, situated along the western shoreline of the Northern Territory. The water meets the land from the Beagle Gulf, which extends out into the Timor Sea. The central business district occupies a low bluff overlooking Darwin Harbour to the south, beyond which lie East Arm, Middle Arm, Northern Territory, and, across the gulf, West Arm. Middle Arm has an industrial precinct on the peninsula, which is being promoted as a sustainable development area that will include plants for industries such as low-emission petrochemicals, renewable hydrogen, and carbon capture storage. The city is flanked by Frances Bay to the east and Cullen Bay to the west.

The rest of the city is relatively flat and low-lying, and areas bordering the coast are home to recreational reserves, extensive beaches, and excellent fishing.

 المدينة والضواحي

المقالة الرئيسية: قائمة ضواحي داروين

خريطة داروين موضح عليها الضواحي.

شارع ميتشل، داروين.

Darwin and its suburbs spread in an approximately triangular shape, with the older southwestern suburbs—and the city itself—forming one corner, the newer northern suburbs another, and the eastern suburbs, progressing towards Palmerston, forming the third.

The older part of Darwin is separated from the newer northern suburbs by Darwin International Airport and RAAF Base Darwin. Palmerston is a satellite city 20 km (12 mi) east of Darwin that was established in the 1980s and is one of Australia's fastest-growing municipalities. Darwin's rural areas, including Howard Springs, Humpty Doo and Berry Springs, are experiencing strong growth.

Darwin city centre

Darwin's central business district (CBD) is bounded by Daly Street in the northwest, McMinn Street in the northeast, Mitchell Street on the southwest, and Bennett Street on the southeast. The CBD has been the focus of a number of major projects, such as the billion-dollar redevelopment of the Stokes Hill wharf waterfront area, including a convention centre with seating for 1,500 people and approximately 4،000 متر مربع (43،000 sq ft) of exhibition space. The developers announced that this includes hotels, residential apartments, and public space. The city's main industrial areas are along the Stuart Highway toward Palmerston, centred on Winnellie. The area's largest shopping precinct is Casuarina Square.

The most expensive residential areas stand along the coast in suburbs such as the marina of Cullen Bay, Larrakeyah, Bayview and Brinkin. These low-lying regions are at risk during cyclones and higher tides, but adequate drainage and stringent building regulations have reduced the potential damage to buildings or injury to residents. The inner northern suburbs are home to lower-income households, although low-income Territory Housing units are scattered throughout the metropolitan area. The suburb of Lyons was part of a multi-stage land release and development in the Northern Suburbs; planning, development and construction took place from 2004 to 2009. More recent developments near Lyons subdivision includes the suburb of Muirhead.

 المناخ

عاصفة في موسم الأمطار في مساء شهر يناير.

Darwin has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) with distinct wet and dry seasons, and the average maximum temperature is similar year round. The Australian Building Codes Board classifies it as Climate Zone 1 under the National Construction Code (NCC). Climate zones are a broad classification of climate zones in the NCC ranging from one to eight, categorising the different climates of Australia. The sun passes directly overhead in mid-October and mid-February. The dry season runs from about May to September, during which nearly every day is sunny, and afternoon relative humidity averages around 30%. The hottest months are October and November, just before the onset of the main rain season. The temperature is usually below 35 °C (95 °F), but the heat index sometimes rises above 45 °C (113 °F) due to humidity levels. The wet season runs generally between December and March, with a transition towards the dry season in April.

The average temperature of the sea ranges from 25.8 °C (78.4 °F) in July to 31.5 °C (88.7 °F) in December.

 Dry season

The driest period of the year, seeing about 5 mm (0.20 in) of monthly rainfall on average, is between May and September. In the coolest months, June and July, the daily minimum temperature may dip as low as 14 °C (57 °F), but very rarely lower, and a temperature lower than 10 °C (50 °F) has never been recorded in the city centre. Outer suburbs away from the coast occasionally record temperatures as low as 5 °C (41 °F) in the dry season. Because of its long dry season, Darwin has the second-highest average daily hours of sunshine (8.4) of any Australian capital, with the most sunshine from April to November; only Perth, Western Australia, averages more (8.8).

 Wet season

The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains. Most rainfall occurs between December and March when thunderstorms are common, and afternoon relative humidity averages over 70 percent during the wettest months. It does not rain every day during the wet season, but most days have plentiful cloud cover; January averages under six hours of bright sunshine daily. This cloud cover means the wet season is not the hottest period of the year, despite daytime hours being the longest at this time. The 3pm dewpoint average in the wet season is around 24.0 °C (75.2 °F). Darwin's highest daily rainfall verified by the Bureau of Meteorology is 367.6 ميليمتر (14.47 in), which fell when Cyclone Carlos bore down on the Darwin area on 16 February 2011. February 2011 was also Darwin's wettest month ever recorded, with 1،110.2 ميليمتر (43.71 in) at the airport.

 Extremes

Extreme temperatures at the Darwin Post Office Station have ranged from 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) on 17 October 1892 to 13.4 °C (56.1 °F) on 25 June 1891; extreme temperatures at the Darwin Airport station (which is farther from the coast and routinely records cooler temperatures than the post office station, which is in Darwin's CBD) have ranged from 38.9 °C (102.0 °F) on 18 October 1982 to 10.4 °C (50.7 °F) on 29 July 1942. The highest minimum temperature on record is 30.7 °C (87.3 °F) on 18 January 1928 for the post office station and 29.7 °C (85.5 °F) on both 25 November 1987 and 17 December 2014 for the airport station. The lowest maximum temperature on record is 18.4 °C (65.1 °F) on 3 June 1904 for the post office station and 21.1 °C (70.0 °F) on 14 July 1968 for the airport station.

For a 147‑day period during the 2012 dry season, from 5 May to 29 September, Darwin recorded no precipitation. Prolonged periods of no precipitation are common in the dry season in Northern Australia (particularly in the Northern Territory and northern regions of Western Australia), although a no-rainfall event of this extent is rare.

Darwin occupies one of the most lightning-prone areas in Australia. On 31 January 2002 an early-morning squall line produced over 5,000 cloud-to-ground lightning strikes within a 60-كيلومتر (37 mi) radius of Darwin alone—about three times the amount of lightning that Perth experiences on average in an entire year.

بيانات المناخ لـ مطار داروين (1941–الآن)
الشهر	ينا	فب	مار	أبر	ماي	يون	يول	أغس	سبت	أكت	نوف	ديس	السنة
القصوى القياسية °س (°ف)	36.1 (97.0)	36.0 (96.8)	36.0 (96.8)	36.7 (98.1)	36.0 (96.8)	34.5 (94.1)	34.8 (94.6)	37.0 (98.6)	37.7 (99.9)	38.9 (102.0)	37.3 (99.1)	37.0 (98.6)	38.9 (102.0)
متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف)	31.8 (89.2)	31.4 (88.5)	31.9 (89.4)	32.7 (90.9)	32.0 (89.6)	30.6 (87.1)	30.6 (87.1)	31.4 (88.5)	32.6 (90.7)	33.2 (91.8)	33.3 (91.9)	32.6 (90.7)	32.0 (89.6)
متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف)	24.8 (76.6)	24.7 (76.5)	24.5 (76.1)	24.0 (75.2)	22.1 (71.8)	19.9 (67.8)	19.3 (66.7)	20.4 (68.7)	23.0 (73.4)	24.9 (76.8)	25.3 (77.5)	25.3 (77.5)	23.2 (73.8)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف)	20.2 (68.4)	17.2 (63.0)	19.2 (66.6)	16.0 (60.8)	13.8 (56.8)	12.1 (53.8)	10.4 (50.7)	13.1 (55.6)	14.3 (57.7)	19.0 (66.2)	19.3 (66.7)	19.8 (67.6)	10.4 (50.7)
متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches)	426.3 (16.78)	374.6 (14.75)	319.0 (12.56)	102.2 (4.02)	21.2 (0.83)	1.8 (0.07)	1.2 (0.05)	4.9 (0.19)	15.3 (0.60)	70.6 (2.78)	141.7 (5.58)	250.8 (9.87)	1٬729٫6 (68.08)
Average rainy days	21.3	20.4	19.6	9.3	2.2	0.6	0.4	0.6	2.3	6.9	12.4	16.9	112.9
متوسط الرطوبة النسبية (%)	70	72	67	52	43	38	37	40	47	52	58	65	53
Mean monthly ساعات سطوع الشمس	176.7	162.4	210.8	261	297.6	297	313.1	319.3	297	291.4	252	213.9	3٬092٫2
Source:

بيانات المناخ لـ Darwin PO (City Center) 1882-1942
الشهر	ينا	فب	مار	أبر	ماي	يون	يول	أغس	سبت	أكت	نوف	ديس	السنة
القصوى القياسية °س (°ف)	37.7 (99.9)	38.3 (100.9)	37.8 (100.0)	38.3 (100.9)	37.4 (99.3)	35.8 (96.4)	36.7 (98.1)	37.1 (98.8)	38.3 (100.9)	40.4 (104.7)	38.8 (101.8)	38.8 (101.8)	40.4 (104.7)
متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف)	32.4 (90.3)	32.2 (90.0)	32.7 (90.9)	33.5 (92.3)	32.6 (90.7)	31.2 (88.2)	30.6 (87.1)	31.7 (89.1)	33.0 (91.4)	34.1 (93.4)	34.2 (93.6)	33.6 (92.5)	32.6 (90.7)
متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف)	25.2 (77.4)	25.0 (77.0)	24.9 (76.8)	24.4 (75.9)	22.6 (72.7)	20.8 (69.4)	19.7 (67.5)	20.9 (69.6)	23.3 (73.9)	25.1 (77.2)	25.5 (77.9)	25.6 (78.1)	23.6 (74.5)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف)	20.2 (68.4)	20.5 (68.9)	20.0 (68.0)	18.9 (66.0)	15.7 (60.3)	13.4 (56.1)	13.7 (56.7)	14.7 (58.5)	17.2 (63.0)	20.4 (68.7)	16.7 (62.1)	20.8 (69.4)	13.4 (56.1)
متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches)	393.2 (15.48)	329.7 (12.98)	257.0 (10.12)	102.6 (4.04)	14.3 (0.56)	3.0 (0.12)	1.3 (0.05)	1.6 (0.06)	12.8 (0.50)	51.6 (2.03)	124.0 (4.88)	241.8 (9.52)	1٬532٫9 (60.34)
Average rainy days	18.4	17.8	16.0	7.3	1.4	0.6	0.2	0.3	1.7	5.0	10.0	14.3	93
Source:

 الديموغرافيا

الأعداد الرئيسية للسكان المولدين وراء البحار
بلد الميلاد	السكان (2011)
المملكة المتحدة	4,646
الفلپين	2,893
نيوزيلندا	2,505
الهند	1,346
اليونان	972
إندونسيا	915
الصين	789
ألمانيا	705
تايلند	623
ڤيتنام	567
ماليزيا	544
أيرلندا	449

الأعداد التاريخية لسكان داروين

السنة	تعداد	±%
1911	1٬082	—
1921	1٬399	+29.3%
1933	1٬566	+11.9%
1947	2٬538	+62.1%
1954	8٬071	+218.0%
1961	15٬477	+91.8%
1966	21٬671	+40.0%
1971	37٬100	+71.2%
1976	44٬200	+19.1%
1981	61٬412	+38.9%
1986	75٬360	+22.7%
1991	86٬415	+14.7%
1996	95٬829	+10.9%
2001	106٬842	+11.5%
2006	105٬991	−0.8%
2009	124٬800	+17.7%
2010	127٬500	+2.2%
2014	146٬400	+14.8%

 القانون والحكومة

الجمعية التشريعية للإقليم الشمالي

داخل الجمعية التشريعية

 الاقتصاد

Knuckey Street in the Darwin CBD

The two largest economic sectors are mining and tourism. Given its location, Darwin serves as a gateway for Australian travellers to Asia.

Manunda Place

Mining and energy industry production exceeds $2.5 billion per annum. The most important mineral resources are gold, zinc, and bauxite, along with manganese and many others. The energy production is mostly off-shore with oil and natural gas from the Timor Sea, although there are significant uranium deposits near Darwin. Tourism employs 8% of Darwin residents and is expected to grow as domestic and international tourists now spend time in Darwin during the wet and dry seasons. Federal spending is also a major contributor to the local economy. Darwin's importance as a port is expected to grow, due to the increased exploitation of petroleum in the nearby Timor Sea and to the completion of the railway link and continued expansion in trade with Asia. During 2005, a number of major construction projects started in Darwin. One is the redevelopment of the Wharf Precinct, which includes a large convention and exhibition centre, apartment housing including Outrigger Pandanas and Evolution on Gardiner, retail and entertainment outlets including a large wave pool and safe swimming lagoon. The Chinatown project has also started with plans to construct Chinese-themed retail and dining outlets.

Darwin's Waterfront is a popular tourist hub

 Tourism

Tourism is one of Darwin's largest industries and a major employment sector for the Northern Territory. In 2005–2006, 1.38 million people visited the Northern Territory. They stayed for 9.2 million nights and spent over $1.5 billion. The tourism industry directly employed 8,391 Territorians in June 2006, and, when indirect employment is included, tourism typically accounts for more than 14,000 jobs across the Territory.

Darwin is a hub for tours to Kakadu National Park, Litchfield National Park and Katherine Gorge. The year is traditionally divided into the wet and dry seasons, but there are up to six traditional seasons in Darwin. It is warm and sunny from May to September. Humidity rises during the green season, from October to April, bringing thunderstorms and monsoonal rains that rejuvenate the landscape. Tourism is largely seasonal, with most tourists visiting during the cooler dry season, from April to September.

 Military

انظر أيضاً: Quadrilateral Security Dialogue

The military presence in both Darwin and the wider Northern Territory is a substantial source of employment. On 16 November 2011, Prime Minister Julia Gillard and President Barack Obama announced that the United States would station troops in Australia for the first time since World War II. The agreement between the U.S. and Australia would involve a contingent of 250 Marines arriving in Darwin in 2012, with the total number rising to a maximum of 2,500 troops by 2017 on six-month rotations as well as a supporting air element including F-22 Raptors, F-35 Joint Strike Fighters and KC-135 refuellers. China and Indonesia have expressed concern about the decision. Some analysts have argued that an expanded U.S. presence could pose a threat to security. Gillard announced that the first 200 U.S. Marines had arrived in Darwin from Hawaii on 3 April 2012. In 2013, further news of other expansion vectors aired in U.S. media, with no comment or confirmation from Australian authorities. The agreement between the two governments remains hidden from public scrutiny. Marine numbers based in Darwin increased to more than 1,150 by 2014. In a 2019 telephone survey of local residents, 51% of respondents had positive feelings about the U.S. troop presence, with 6% responding negatively. In late 2021, the U.S. Department of Defense signed a contract to create a 300 million لتر (79،000،000 US gal) fuel storage facility at East Arm.

Darwin hosts biennial multi-nation exercises named "Pitch Black"; in 2014 this involved military personnel from Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, and the United States.

 التعليم

للمزيد: قائمة مدارس الإقليم الشمالي

مكتبة جامعة تشارلز داروين.

 الثقافة

أسواق مانديل بيتش.

 الأحداث والمهرجانات

Didgeridoo and clapstick players performing at the Seabreeze Festival

 الفنون

مهرجان داروين.

 الترفيه

كاسورينا بيتش من الوجهات الشعبية لدى السياح والمحليين على حد سواء.

بحيرة ألكسندر

 الرياضة

المقالة الرئيسية: الرياضة في الإقليم الشمالي

 الإعلام

المقر الرئيسي لقناة داروين التاسعة والذي يقع في ضاحية ذى گاردنز الداخلية بالمدينة.

 البنية التحتية

مستشفى داروين الملكي.

 النقل

المقالة الرئيسية: النقل العام في داروين

الافتتاح الرسمي لمطار داروين الدولي عام 1991.

 السياحة

منطقة النزهات الواقعة في منتزه تشارلز داروين الوطني.

 تاريخ الطيران

مركز داروين لتراث الطيران.

 تواجد الجيش الأمريكي

انظر أيضاً: الحوار الأمني الرباعي

 مدن شقيقة

المقالة الرئيسية: مدينة داروين

 مشاهير المواطنين

• هاري تشان (1918–1969) رجل أعمال، عمدة وسياسي
• كين هامپتون (1935–1987) زعيم مجتمعي من السكان الأصليين وشماس أنگليكاني

 انظر أيضاً

• قائمة أفلام صورت في داروين
• قائمة عمد وعمد لوردات داروين
• قائمة أشخاص من داروين
• المناطق الحكومية المحلية في الإقليم الشمالي
• The Dire Earth Cycle، والتي تقع جزئياً في داروين.

 معرض الصور

إطعام الأسماك، داروين. في السوق، داروين 2014.

 وصلات خارجية

• وسائط متعلقة بـDarwin, Northern Territory من مشاع المعرفة.
• Darwin at the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001 Census).
• Darwin – Tourism Australia