قائمة الأحجار الكريمة حسب الصنف
(تم التحويل من List of gemstones by species)
هذه هي قائمة الأحجار الكريمة، مرتبة حسب الصنف والنوع.
المعادن
There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as:
A–B
- Actinolite
- Nephrite (var.)
- Adamite
- Aegirine
- Afghanite
- Agrellite
- Algodonite
- Alunite
- Amblygonite
- Analcime
- Anatase
- Andalusite
- Andesine
- Anglesite
- Anhydrite
- Annabergite
- Anorthite
- Antigorite
- Apatite
- Apophyllite
- Aragonite
- Arfvedsonite
- Asbestos
- Astrophyllite
- Atacamite
- Augelite
- Austinite
- Axinite group:
- Azurmalachite
- Azurite
- Baryte
- Bastnaesite
- Bayldonite
- Benitoite
- Beryl subgroup:
- Beryllonite
- Beudantite
- Bismutotantalite
- Biotite
- Boleite
- Boracite
- Bornite
- Brazilianite
- Breithauptite
- Brookite
- Brucite
- Bustamite
- Bytownite
C–F
- Calcite
- Manganoan calcite (var.)
- Caledonite
- Canasite
- Cancrinite
- Carletonite
- Carnallite
- Cassiterite
- Catapleiite
- Cavansite
- Celestite
- Ceruleite
- Cerussite
- Chabazite
- Chalcopyrite
- Chambersite
- Charlesite
- Charoite
- Childrenite
- Chiolite
- Chondrodite
- Chrysoberyl
- Alexandrite (var.)
- Cymophane
- Chromite
- Chrysocolla
- Chrysotile
- Cinnabar
- Clinochlore
- Clinohumite
- Clinozoisite
- Clintonite
- Cobaltite
- Colemanite
- Cordierite
- Iolite (var.)
- Cornwallite
- Corundum
- Ruby (var.)
- Sapphire (var.)
- Golden sheen sapphire
- Covellite
- Creedite
- Crocoite
- Cryolite
- Cuprite
- Danburite
- Datolite
- Descloizite
- Diamond
- Diaspore
- Dickinsonite
- Diopside
- Dioptase
- Dolomite
- Dumortierite
- Ekanite
- Elbaite
- Emerald
- Trapiche emerald (var.)
- Enstatite
- Eosphorite
- Epidote
- Erythrite
- Esperite
- Ettringite
- Euclase
- Eudialyte
- Euxenite
- Fayalite
- Feldspar subgroup:
- Fergusonite
- Ferroaxinite
- Fluorapatite
- Fluorapophyllite
- Fluorite
- Forsterite
- Friedelite
G–L
- Gadolinite
- Gahnite
- Gahnospinel
- Garnet group:
- Pyralspite
- Ugrandite
- Almandine-pyrope
- Andradite-grossular
- Grandite (Mali garnet)
- Pyrope-almandine-spessartine
- Pyrope-spessartine
- Gaspeite
- Gaylussite
- Gibbsite
- Glaucophane
- Goethite
- Goosecreekite
- Grandidierite
- Gypsum
- Gyrolite
- Halite
- Hambergite
- Hanksite
- Hardystonite
- Hauyne
- Helenite
- Hematite
- Hemimorphite
- Herderite
- Hexagonite
- Hibonite
- Hiddenite
- Hodgkinsonite
- Holtite
- Howlite
- Huebnerite
- Humite
- Hureaulite
- Hurlbutite
- Hyperitdiabas
- Ilmenite
- Inderite
- Jade
- Jasper
- Jeremejevite
- Kainite
- Kämmererite
- Kaolinite
- Kornerupine
- Kutnohorite
- Kurnakovite
- Kyanite
- Langbeinite
- Lawsonite
- Lazulite
- Lazurite
- Legrandite
- Lepidolite
- Leucite
- Leucophanite
- Linarite
- Lizardite
- Londonite
- Ludlamite
- Ludwigite
M–Q
- Magnesite
- Malachite
- Marialite-meionite
- Wernerite (var.)
- Marcasite
- Meliphanite
- Mellite
- Mesolite
- Microcline
- Microlite
- Milarite
- Millerite
- Mimetite
- Monazite
- Mordenite
- Mottramite
- Muscovite
- Fuchsite (var.)
- Musgravite
- Nambulite
- Narsarsukite
- Natrolite
- Nepheline
- Neptunite
- Nickeline (Niccolite)
- Nosean
- Nuummite
- Olivine
- Opal
- Painite
- Palygorskite
- Papagoite
- Pargasite
- Parisite
- Pectolite
- Pentlandite
- Peridot
- Periclase
- Perthite
- Petalite (castorite)
- Pezzottaite
- Phenakite
- Phlogopite
- Phosgenite
- Phosphophyllite
- Phosphosiderite
- Piemontite
- Pietersite
- Plumbogummite
- Pollucite
- Polyhalite
- Poudretteite
- Powellite
- Prehnite
- Prismatine
- Prosopite
- Proustite
- Psilomelane
- Pumpellyite
- Chlorastrolite (var.)
- Purpurite
- Pyrite
- Pyrargyrite
- Pyromorphite
- Pyrophyllite
- Pyroxmangite
- Pyrrhotite
- Quartz
- Amethyst (var.)
- Ametrine (var.)
- Aventurine (var.)
- Chalcedony (var.)
- Citrine (var.)
- Druzy (var.)
- Flint (var.)
- Herkimer diamond (var.)
- Milky quartz (var.)
- Prasiolite (var.)
- Radiolarite (var.)
- Rose quartz (var.)
- Rock crystal (var.)
- Shocked quartz (var.)
- Smoky quartz (var.)
- Quartzite
R–Z
- Realgar
- Rhodizite
- Rhodochrosite
- Rhodonite
- Richterite
- Riebeckite
- Crocidolite (var.)
- Rosasite
- Rutile
- Samarskite
- Sanidine
- Sapphirine
- Sarcolite
- Scapolite
- Scheelite
- Schizolite
- Scorodite
- Selenite
- Sellaite
- Senarmontite
- Sepiolite (Meerschaum)
- Sérandite
- Seraphinite
- Serendibite
- Serpentine subgroup
- Shattuckite
- Shigaite
- Shortite
- Shungite
- Siderite
- Sillimanite
- Simpsonite
- Sinhalite
- Smaltite
- Smithsonite
- Sodalite
- Hackmanite (var.)
- Sogdianite
- Sperrylite
- Spessartite
- Sphalerite
- Spinel
- Ceylonite (var.)
- Spodumene
- Spurrite
- Staurolite
- Stibiotantalite
- Stichtite
- Stolzite
- Strontianite
- Strontium titanate
- Sulfur
- Sugilite
- Bustamite (var.)
- Richterite (var.)
- Sylvite
- Taaffeite
- Talc
- Tantalite
- Tektites
- Tephroite
- Thomsonite
- Thaumasite
- Tinaksite
- Titanite (sphene)
- Topaz
- Tourmaline subgroup:
- Achroite (var.)
- Chrome (var.)
- Dravite
- Elbaite
- Fluor-liddicoatite
- Indicolite
- Olenite
- Paraiba (var.)
- Rossmanite
- Rubellite (var.)
- Tremolite
- Hexagonite (var.)
- Triphylite
- Triplite
- Tugtupite
- Turquoise
- Ulexite
- Ussingite
- Vanadinite
- Variscite
- Väyrynenite
- Vesuvianite (idocrase)
- Californite (var.)
- Villiaumite
- Vivianite
- Vlasovite
- Wardite
- Wavellite
- Weloganite
- Whewellite
- Wilkeite
- Willemite
- Witherite
- Wollastonite
- Wulfenite
- Wurtzite
- Xonotlite
- Yugawaralite
- Zektzerite
- Zeolites
- Zincite
- Zinnwaldite
- Zircon
- Jacinth (var.)
- Zoisite
- Zultanite
- Zunyite
Artificial and lab created
There are a number of artificial and lab grown minerals used to produce gemstones. These include:
- Lab alexandrite
- Lab corundum
- Cubic zirconia
- Lab diamond
- Lab emerald
- Fordite
- Gadolinium gallium garnet
- Lab moissanite
- Synthetic opal
- Metal-coated crystals hyped as rainbow quartz
- Lab spinel
- Synthetic turquoise
- Terbium gallium garnet
- Trinitite
- Yttrium aluminium garnet
- Yttrium iron garnet
Organic
There are a number of organic materials used as gems, including:
Rocks
Some rocks are used as gems, including:
- Anthracite
- Anyolite
- Bauxite
- Concretions
- Bloodstone (Heliotrope)
- Eilat stone
- Epidosite
- Glimmerite
- Goldstone (glittering glass)
- Hawk's eye
- Helenite (artificial glass made from volcanic ash)
- Iddingsite
- Kimberlite
- Lamproite
- Lapis lazuli
- Libyan desert glass
- Llanite
- Maw sit sit
- Moldavite
- Obsidian
- Apache tears
- Pallasite
- Peridotite (also known as olivinite)
- Siilinjärvi carbonatite
- Soapstone (also known as steatite)
- Tactite
- Tiger's eye
- Unakite
Chatoyant gems
Some minerals made into gemstones may display a chatoyancy or cat's eye effect, these include:[1]
- Actinolite
- Andalusite
- Apatite
- Beryl
- Beryllium
- Beryllonite
- Calcite
- Cerussite
- Chrysoberyl
- Danburite
- Diaspore
- Diopside
- Enstatite
- Garnet
- Grandidierite
- Hawk's eye
- Hypersthene
- Iolite
- Kornerupine
- Kunzite
- Kyanite
- Moonstone
- Opal
- Peridot
- Peristerite (Albite variety)
- Pezzottaite
- Phenakite
- Prasiolite
- Prehnite
- Quartz
- Rhodonite
- Rutile
- Scapolite
- Selenite
- Serpentine
- Sillimanite
- Smoky Quartz
- Spinel
- Sunstone
- Tanzanite
- Tiger's Eye
- Topaz
- Tourmaline
- Ulexite
- Zircon
Asterism
See also
References
- ^ Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the World, 5th edition, 2013 ISBN 978-1454909538
Further reading
- Gemstones of the World revised 5th edition, 2013 by Walter Schumann ISBN 978-1454909538
- Smithsonian Handbook: Gemstones by Cally Hall, 2nd ed. 2002 ISBN 978-0789489852
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