Ĝ
| G with circumflex | |
|---|---|
| Ĝ ĝ | |
| Gx gx, Gh gh | |
 | |
| الاستخدام | |
| نظام الكتابة | Latin |
| النوع | alphabetic |
| لغة المنشأ | Esperanto, Aleut language, Khinalug language, Toba Qom language |
| الاستخدام الصوتي |
|
| Unicode codepoint | U+011C, U+011D |
| التاريخ | |
| التطور | |
| مكافئات الترجمة الحرفية | Г̑ г̑, Ӷ ӷ, Гг гг |
| تنويعات | Gx gx, Gh gh |
| أخرى | |
| جزء من سلسلة عن |
 |
|---|
Ĝ or ĝ (G circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to a voiced postalveolar affricate [] or a voiced retroflex affricate [] or a voiced circumflex type pharynvelar consonant.
While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĝ is based on the letter g, which has this sound in English and Italian before the vowels i and e (with some exceptions in English), to better preserve the shape of borrowings from those languages (such as ĝenerala from general) than Slavic đ (Serbo-Croatian) or dž would.[1]
Ĝ is the ninth letter in Esperanto orthography. Although it is written as gx and gh respectively in the x-system and h-system workarounds, it is normally written as G with a circumflex: ĝ.
Uses of Ĝ in other languages
In Haida, a language isolate, the letter ĝ was sometimes used to represent pharyngeal voiced fricative [].
In Aleut, an Eskaleut language, ĝ represents a voiced uvular fricative []. The corresponding voiceless Aleut sound is represented by x̂.
In Dutch, the letter ĝ is used in some phrase books and dictionaries for pronunciation help. It represents a plosive [], because g is pronounced as a fricative [] in Dutch.
In some transcriptions of Sumerian, ĝ is used to represent the velar nasal [].
Character mappings
| الحرف | Ĝ | ĝ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
| يونيكود | 284 | U+011C | 285 | U+011D |
| UTF-8 | 196 156 | C4 9C | 196 157 | C4 9D |
| Numeric character reference | Ĝ | Ĝ | ĝ | ĝ |
انظر أيضاً
References
- ^ "Unicode Character "Ĝ" (U+011C)". Compart. Oak Brook, IL: Compart AG. 2021. Retrieved 2024-02-17.