احتجاجات لوس أنجلس يونيو 2025

احتجاجات لوس أنجلس يونيو 2025
جزء من الاحتجاجات الأمريكية على الترحيل الجماعي 2025، أزمة الحدود الأمريكية المكسيكية، والاحتجاجات ضد دونالد ترمپ أثناء الاحتجاجات ضد الرئاسة الثانية لدونالد ترمپ
CA Guard and protestors, June 2025.jpg
الحرس الوطني الأمريكي والمحتجين في 9 يونيو.
التاريخ6 يونيو 2025 – الحاضر
المكان
مدن پاراماونت، لوس أنجلس وكومپتون بولاية كاليفورنيا، الولايات المتحدة
السبب
الأهدافإنهاء عمليات الترحيل الجماعي التي تنفذها وكالة إنفاذ قوانين الهجرة والجمارك
الطرق
الوضعمستمرة
أطراف الصراع الأهلي
الشخصيات الرئيسية
*لا توجد قيادة رسوية*
العدد
1.000+ محتج (بحسب و.ج.) (6 يونيو)[15]
الضحايا والخسائر
3 مصابون على الأقل [19]
253 معتقل [20][21]
8 مصابون على الأقل [19][22]
5 5 خيول مصابة[23]
إصابة ما لا يقل عن 30 صحفي على يد قوات إنفاذ القانون [24]

في 6 يونيو 2025، اندلعت احتجاجات في لوس أنجلس بعد أن داهمت وكالة إنفاذ قوانين الهجرة والجمارك عدة مواقع في المدينة لاعتقال أشخاص يُزعم تورطهم في الهجرة غير الشرعية إلى الولايات المتحدة وانتهاكات أخرى. تحولت عدة احتجاجات إلى أعمال عنف بعد اشتباك المتظاهرين مع شرطة لوس أنجلس ووكالة إنفاذ قوانين الهجرة والجمارك. ظلت معظم الاحتجاجات سلمية، ووقعت في منطقة تمتد لخمسة مباني تقريباً في وسط مدينة لوس أنجلس.[ب]

في 7 يونيو، اندلعت اشتباكات بين المتظاهرين والقوات الفدرالية في مدينتي پاراماونت وكومپتون خلال مداهمات. ثم أصدر الرئيس دونالد ترمپ قراراً بإضفاء الصفة الفدرالية على حرس كاليفورنيا الوطني، داعياً إلى نشر 2000 فرد من الحرس في المدينة. وقد نُظمت الاحتجاجات وشاركت فيها العديد من المجموعات والمتظاهرين المستقلين. في 9 يونيو، أذن الرئيس بنشر 2000 فرد إضافي من الحرس الوطني، وأمر الپنتاگون بنشر 700 جندي من مشاة للانتشار في المدينة، والذين وصلوا في اليوم التالي.

ووصف المنتدقون، بمن فيهم حاكم ولاية كاليفورنيا گاڤن نوسم، الاستجابة العسكرية بأنها سابقة لأوانها، ومثيرة للجدل، وسلطوية، وأنها تسعى لتحقيق مكاسب سياسية.[32][30][33] أُعتقل عدد من المتظاهرين، كما أصيب العديد من رجال الأمن والمتظاهرين.

خلفية

انظر أيضاً: الترحيل الجماعي في الرئاسة الثانية لدونالد ترمپ

في نوفمبر 2024، بعد فوز دونالد ترمپ في الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية 2024، أعلن مجلس مدينة لوس أنجلس المدينة كمدينة ملاذ.[34][35] أثارت سياسة الهجرة التي انتهجها ترمپ قلق سكان كاليفورنيا من المهاجرين.[36] وحذر مسؤولون في إدارة ترمپ من أن المدن التي تعتبر ملاذاً آمناً للمهاجرين ستكون هدفاً لجهود قمع الهجرة.[37] خلال حملته الرئاسية لعام 2024، قال ترمپ أنه سيستخدم الجيش لفض الاحتجاجات دون موافقة حكام الولايات، وهي الإجراءات التي أقنعه مساعدوه بالتراجع عنها خلال فترة رئاسته الأولى.[38] كما صرح بأنه سيستخدم الجيش ضد "العدو الداخلي".[39]

في مايو 2025، بدأت إدارة ترمپ في تنفيذ استراتيجية الترحيل التي تضمنت استهداف أماكن العمل.[40]

الأحداث

6 يونيو

At approximately 9:15 a.m. PDT on Friday morning, an immigration raid was conducted within the Los Angeles Fashion District; two other raids occurred at a clothing wholesaler and a Home Depot in Westlake.[41][42] Agents present at the raid were identified with Federal Bureau of Investigation, Homeland Security Investigations, and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives patches.[42] Homeland Security Investigations stated that 44 people were arrested for suspected immigration violations and one person was arrested for obstruction.[43][44] Bill Essayli, the acting United States attorney for the Central District of California, said that David Huerta, the California president of the Service Employees International Union, was arrested for blocking a vehicle and charged with felony conspiracy to impede an officer.[45][42] Huerta was injured and taken to the hospital, where he was transferred to the Metropolitan Detention Center.[46] Angelica Salas, the director of the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles, stated that there were seven raids in which 45 people had been detained.[34]

Clashes between protesters and ICE agents in riot gear occurred near the Westlake Home Depot. ICE also arrested several people at a clothing store and clashed with activists.[47] Crowds formed in the evening outside the Metropolitan Detention Center.[43] Approximately 200 protesters remained at the facility by 7 p.m. PDT, when the Los Angeles Police Department declared the protest to be an unlawful assembly and ordered protesters to disperse.[5] LAPD was brought to stop civil unrest after crowds graffitied slogans on a federal court building and gathered outside a jail.[48] After "some protesters hurled chunks of broken concrete toward officers," the Los Angeles Police Department engaged in intense standoffs with protestors in which tear gas, pepper spray, and flash-bang grenades were used to disperse the crowd.[47][48] The police department authorized the use of less-lethal munitions the following hour.[5][47] This was followed at 8:24 p.m. PDT by a citywide tactical alert.[46]

7 يونيو

Protests continued through Saturday.[49] According to Peggy Lemons, the mayor of Paramount, California, a confrontation near a Home Depot in Paramount began after protesters observed Department of Homeland Security (DHS) officers staging near a local branch building.[50][ت] The DHS estimated that one thousand people were protesting and had surrounded the building.[49][54] According to The New York Times, the protests have delayed processing of detainees.[49] California Governor Gavin Newsom announced that California Highway Patrol units would be deployed to protect Los Angeles freeways.[55] By June 7, 118 undocumented immigrants had been arrested in Los Angeles, according to the DHS.[56]

In Paramount, protestors blocked a street with shopping carts and a recycling bin. Federal agents then deployed flash bang grenades and pepper balls, injuring two people.[57] Protesters threw rocks and cement at Border Patrol cars.[58] World Socialist Web Site reporters reportedly sustained injuries while documenting the protests, including a reporter who was shot in the back with a rubber bullet by a US immigration officer.[59] According to an attorney with the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles, some protestors were throwing bricks, and others looked injured.[57] At 2:30 p.m. PDT, LAPD issued a dispersal order using loudspeakers. Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department deputies then used tear gas against the protesters to disperse them. One ICE agent sustained injuries after a rock thrown by a protestor struck the windshield on the vehicle they were driving and cut their hand.[19] At around 8 p.m. PDT, two people were arrested on suspicion of assaulting police officers, including one who allegedly threw a Molotov cocktail, causing minor injuries to three deputies.[19] Nick Stern, a British photojournalist, was struck by less-lethal police rounds while reporting on protests near a Home Depot in Paramount, a location often used for hiring migrant workers for day labor. He underwent surgery.[60]

Protesters also gathered at the Metropolitan Detention Center in Downtown Los Angeles, with law enforcement forming a skirmish line to disperse the protesters.[61][62] Shortly before 11 p.m. PDT, protestors threw an object at and hit a police cruiser as it was leaving the area at an intersection in Downtown Los Angeles.[63] By night, the protests reached Compton, where several demonstrators threw glass bottles filled with a substance that reportedly smelled like gasoline.[64][65]

In an interview with Fox News, White House Executive Associate Director of Enforcement and Removal Operations Tom Homan announced that the National Guard would be sent into Los Angeles that night.[66] That evening, President Donald Trump signed a memorandum deploying 2,000 members of the California National Guard to the protests; the memorandum specifies that the deployment will last for either 60 days, or for a length of time "at the discretion of the secretary of defense".[65][67] Trump invoked 10 U.S.C. § 12406 to nationalize the National Guard.[68][69] In a tweet, Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth stated that active duty Marines were on "high alert" at Camp Pendleton.[70][71]

8 يونيو

حرس كاليفورنيا الوطني في المدينة، 8 يونيو.

Protests died down in the early morning but were still ongoing, with organizers calling for another day of protesting.[72] At 11:30 a.m. PDT, Centro CSO held a rally followed by a march to the detention center in downtown Los Angeles.[73][74] Protests outside of Los Angeles City Hall occurred at around 2 p.m. PDT.[75]

Three hundred California Army National Guard troops from the 79th Infantry Brigade Combat Team[76] were deployed to three separate locations in Los Angeles;[77][78] most of the troops were seen outside of federal buildings.[78] Under the direction of Hegseth, approximately 500 active-duty Marines from the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms were put on a "prepared to deploy status".[79][80] At the Metropolitan Detention Center, the National Guard and DHS officers used smoke and pepper spray to displace protesters and open a path for the DHS, Border Patrol, and other military vehicles to enter the facility.[81] National Guard troops also arrived outside the downtown Los Angeles Detention Center.[82] Police had arrived to join the National Guard by noon.[78][المصدر لا يؤكد ذلك]

Homan commented, while speaking to NBC News, that "someone's going to lose their life" if the protests continue, also noting that governor of California Gavin Newsom and mayor of Los Angeles Karen Bass could potentially face federal charges over the response to the ICE raids.[78][83] Trump later threatened to "have troops everywhere" if the protests spread to other cities and said "if we see danger to our country and our citizens", the Marines would be deployed to the city.[84]

At 2:30 p.m. PDT, the LAPD Central Division announced that the City of Los Angeles is on "tactical alert".[85] The LAPD Central Division later announced that less-lethal munitions had been authorized for use to disperse the protest, people throwing objects at officers would be arrested, and that the Incident Commander had declared an unlawful assembly.[86] Two LAPD officers were injured after motorcyclists attempted to breach a skirmish line and hit them at a protest in the Alameda and Temple area. Both riders were detained and the officers were treated at the scene.[22] The Los Angeles Police Department announced that a number of people were arrested at the Civic Center area of Downtown Los Angeles, including several people who were detained and handcuffed with zip ties.[87]

Before 4 p.m., protestors entered the US 101 freeway in downtown Los Angeles and blocked traffic, causing police to subsequently shut down the freeway in both directions.[88] The LAPD announced that parts of the freeway and multiple streets were closed to drivers as a result of protests.[89] Police reported people were shooting fireworks at officers. Rocks, scooters and cinder blocks were thrown at police cars. People attempted to set police cruisers on fire. Protesters also threw cinder blocks at police officers and at other people.[90] Five Waymo driverless cars were vandalized, set alight, and destroyed. LAPD officials warned that burning lithium-ion batteries releases toxic gasses.[91] The following day, Waymo suspended service and removed their vehicles in Downtown Los Angeles, however a spokesperson said they do not believe the cars were intentionally targeted. The service remained in operation in other areas of Los Angeles.[92] At around 4 p.m. PDT, Newsom sent a letter to Secretary Hegseth requesting him to rescind Trump's order to deploy the National Guard, calling it a "serious breach of state sovereignty".[93]

By night, the LAPD also announced on their social media that the entire downtown Los Angeles area was considered to be an unlawful assembly and urged everyone to leave the area.[94][95]

The LAPD reported that looting had occurred at stores in the area of 6th Street and Broadway (downtown Los Angeles),[96][97] as well as near 8th Street and Broadway.[98] Several fires were also reported to have been set in dumpsters and trash bins. Numerous buildings, including the Los Angeles Police Department headquarters, the United States Courthouse, and the old Los Angeles Times Building, were tagged with graffiti. At least one store had windows shattered by alleged looters.[99] Multiple windows at the Los Angeles Police Department headquarters were also broken.[99]

The United States Northern Command established a formal task force, Task Force 51, to coordinate the military response. An official statement said "as USNORTHCOM's land component command, U.S. Army North stood up Task Force 51, with a two-star general, as the ground command and control element over the Title 10 forces."[76] The task force is commanded by Major General Scott M. Sherman.[100]

Late in the night, the City of Glendale decided to terminate its detention agreement with ICE, in part as a reaction to the protests and unrest in Los Angeles.[101]

9 يونيو

In the early afternoon, SEIU organized a rally at Grand Park with thousands of participants.[102][103] Senators Adam Schiff (D-CA) and Alex Padilla (D-CA) sent a letter to the Department of Homeland Security and Department of Justice demanding that a review of the arrest of Huerta be performed.[104] Huerta was released later that afternoon from custody on a $50,000 bond.[105] Centro CSO held a press conference followed by a rally at Mariachi Plaza at 5:30 p.m. PDT, followed by a march to Hollenbeck Police Station in Boyle Heights.

Protestors vandalized a federal building with graffiti and chanted "National Guard, Out of LA", "ICE out of LA", "Trump out of LA" and "Shame on you" in the streets. Guards with riot shields warned protestors to stay off of the property and stick to the sidewalk.[106] After night fell, many protestors were detained with zip-ties before being loaded onto a Los Angeles Police Department bus. Other protestors threw objects at police, including fireworks. A CNN crew and two security personnel working with the crew were briefly detained but were later released with no charges filed.[107] A Telemundo news van was also vandalized by protestors.[108] Police threw flash bangs and shot rubber bullets at a crowd of protestors downtown after telling people to clear the area and stop throwing things on a loudspeaker.[109] Several stores were looted including an Apple Store, an Adidas store, a jewelry store, and pharmacies.[110] The words "No ICE" were spray painted on broken store windows.[111] Around 30 people smashed the doors of a CVS store to steal from it. Museums were vandalized.[112] The Los Angeles Police Department declared a tactical alert adding that "all uniformed personnel are to remain on duty".[113] As of 9:30 PDT, police officers and deputies still maintained a large presence, but all protesters had left the area, and a cleanup effort had begun to clear debris in the streets, sweep up glass, and paint over messages/graffiti.[114]

Speaking to reporters at the White House, Trump described the protesters as "insurrectionists".[115] Many in the media speculated that this language could give him a rationale for invoking the 1807 Insurrection Act.[45] Trump further indicated that he believes that Governor Newsom should be arrested, saying, "I would do it if I were Tom", referring to Tom Homan, whom Newsom has taunted to go to California to arrest him. Newsom responded shortly after, saying: "This is a day I hoped I would never see in America" and "this is an unmistakable step toward authoritarianism."[116]

Trump wrote on Truth Social:

"If they spit, we will hit." This is a statement from the President of the United States concerning the catastrophic Gavin Newscum inspired Riots going on in Los Angeles. The Insurrectionists have a tendency to spit in the face of the National Guardsmen/women, and others. These Patriots are told to accept this, it's just the way life runs. But not in the Trump Administration. IF THEY SPIT, WE WILL HIT, and I promise you they will be hit harder than they have ever been hit before. Such disrespect will not be tolerated![117][118]

By midday, the number of National Guard troops deployed to Los Angeles had increased from 300[76] to 1,000.[16] CNN and NBC 4 Los Angeles reported that, per the Pentagon, 700 Marines from Marine Corps Base Twentynine Palms—drawn from the 2nd Battalion, 7th Marines—would deploy to Los Angeles alongside the National Guard.[18][76][119][120][121] The same day, an additional 2,000 National Guard members were authorized by Trump for deployment, bringing the total to more than 4,100.[16][17]

Late Monday night, the San Francisco Chronicle published a leaked letter from Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem to US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth that requested "[d]irection to DoD forces to either detain, just as they would at any federal facility guarded by military, lawbreakers under Title 18 until they can be arrested and processed by federal law enforcement, or arrest them." Noem also asked for "drone surveillance support" as well as weapons and logistics assistance in Los Angeles.[13]

10 يونيو

Further protests occurred in the afternoon of June 10 in the downtown area outside the 300 North Los Angeles Street Federal Building, the Edward R. Roybal Federal Building, and the Metropolitan Detention Center.[122][123][124] The gathering was declared an unlawful assembly by the LAPD slightly after 2 p.m.[122][123] Police began arrests of the protesters around 3 p.m. following a dispersal order.[122] Protestors also again moved onto the US 101 freeway briefly, before being dispersed by police.[125][126][127]

By June 10, the number of National Guard members deployed to Los Angeles had reached 2,100.[128][129] National Guardsmen began being seen accompanying and protecting ICE agents as they made immigration arrests.[130][131] The 700 Marines that had been deployed also arrived in the greater Los Angeles area on this day.[128][129] قالب:Social media post Mayor Bass declared a local emergency and announced a curfew over a one square mile area of Los Angeles' downtown from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m., due to concerns over the vandalism that had occurred during the protests over the previous days.[132][133][134]

الوقع

اعتقال المواطنين الأجانب

إندونيسيا

On June 10, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that the Indonesian consulate in Los Angeles (id) has obtained information related to ICE detention of two Indonesian citizens during the raid and reportedly is coordinating with local authorities for their access to consular assistance. The identities of the two Indonesian citizens are ESS, a 53-year-old woman, and CT, a 48-year-old man. ESS was arrested because of her illegal immigrant status, while CT was arrested because he had a record of drug violations and entered the US illegally.[135][136][137]

المكسيك

Carlos González Gutiérrez, the consul general of Mexico in Los Angeles, announced that at least 11 Mexican nationals were arrested by June 7, and that they would be offered legal services.[46] The following day, Mexican president Claudia Sheinbaum confirmed that 35 Mexican nationals had been arrested, and commented in a press conference that "[t]hey are not criminals".[138] On June 9, Sheinbaum urged U.S. authorities to respect due process and human rights.[139]

الاحتجاجات في مدن أخرى

On June 8, a solidarity protest outside the ICE office in San Francisco occurred. The protest ended with police arresting 148 people. Two police officers were injured during the protests in the city. Several buildings and vehicles were damaged.[140][141][142]

In New York City, another solidarity protest occurred outside of the 26 Federal Plaza, ending with police taking multiple people into custody.[143] Two dozen more were also arrested while protesting at the Trump Tower.[144] Later, hundreds of protesters would later gather in the streets of New York, whilst holding signs saying "ICE out of New York City."[145] In Santa Ana, several people were arrested during protests in front of the Santa Ana Federal Building.[146] Police in multiple cities used tear gas to disperse protesters, including in Austin[147] and Buford, Georgia.[148]

Solidarity protests were also held in other cities, including Boston,[149] Portland, Maine,[150] Salt Lake City,[151] Hartford,[152] Tampa,[153] Sacramento,[154] Dallas,[155] San Antonio,[156] Phoenix,[157] Atlanta,[158] Seattle,[159] Philadelphia,[160] Detroit,[161] Washington D.C.[162] Baltimore,[163] Chicago,[164] Louisville,[165] Raleigh,[166] Denver,[167] Jacksonville,[168] and Omaha.[169]

عنف الدولة تجاه الصحفيين

The Associated Press reported that by June 10, over two dozen journalists had been arrested or "roughed up" by law enforcement, which led press freedom groups to question whether or not they were being deliberately targeted.[170] Reporters Without Borders reported 31 attacks on journalists, of which 27 were from law enforcement.[170] The Committee to Protect Journalists, the First Amendment Coalition and Freedom of the Press Foundation expressed concern in a letter to DHS Secretary Kristi Noem that "federal officers appear to have deliberately targeted journalists who were doing nothing more than their job covering the news."[170] The secretary of the Los Angeles Press Club reported that the organization had documented more than 30 incidents of reporters, photographers, and other media professionals that were affected by police actions, that ranged from searching of journalists materials and bags, to firing tear gas and rubber bullets at them.[24]

أستراليا

On June 8, Lauren Tomasi, a reporter for Australia's Nine News, was struck on the leg by a rubber bullet while reporting on the protests outside the Metropolitan Detention Center in downtown Los Angeles, where police were beginning to disperse the protesters.[171][172][173] Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese called the shooting "targeted" and said he had raised the issue with the Trump administration.[174] The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade released a statement declaring that "all journalists should be able to do their work safely".[175] Albanese also described the footage of the reporter being shot by an officer as "horrific" and intends to raise the issue with the Trump administration over the incident.[174][176] Albanese and Senator Matt Canavan both said Tomasi's shooting appeared targeted, with Canavan adding he had only seen part of the footage and was "loth to jump to conclusions".[174][175]

That same day, while covering the protests, crew members from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation were struck by tear gas.[177] On June 10, the same crew were struck by pepper pellets.[178]

المملكة المتحدة

British reporter and photographer Nick Stern underwent emergency surgery on June 8, 2025, after being shot by a less-than-lethal 3-بوصة (75 mm) projectile. He had an open wound and his injuries will require physical therapy.[78] On June 9, an ITV presenter for the program Good Morning Britain was shot with a rubber bullet during a broadcast segment.[179]

الولايات المتحدة

On June 7, World Socialist Web Site reporters reportedly sustained injuries while documenting the protests, including a reporter who was shot in the back with a rubber bullet by a US immigration officer.[59] That same day, a reporter with the Southern California News Group reported that she had been shot by officers with pepper ball bullets.[24]

On June 9, Toby Canham, a news photographer with the New York Post was recording California Highway Patrol officers stationed under a freeway to document the protests and response. While filming, one of the California Highway Patrol officers reportedly turned their weapon towards the gathered reporters and shot, striking Canham in the forehead with a rubber bullet.[180][181]

تحليل

أفادت رويترز أن الاحتجاجات كانت أقوى رد فعل محلي على الرئيس ترمپ منذ توليه منصبه في يناير،[182] وأصبحت نقطة محورية في نقاش وطني حول الهجرة، والاحتجاج، واستخدام القوة الفدرالية في الشؤون الداخلية، وحدود السلطة الرئاسية، وحرية التعبير والتجمع.[32] كما أفادت التقارير أن استخدام الأقنعة والبالاكلاڤا من قبل عملاء وكالة الهجرة والجمارك أثار مخاوف بشأن الافتقار إلى المساءلة وتكتيكات الترهيب.[183]

على الرغم من وقوع بعض أعمال العنف، إلا أن معظم الاحتجاجات كانت سلمية.[ب] كان قرار ترمپ بإضفاء الطابع الفدرالي على الحرس الوطني دون تعاون حاكم الولاية هو المرة الأولى التي يُتخذ اتخاذ مثل هذا الإجراء منذ مسيرات سلما إلى مونتگمري عام 1965.[184]

استخدمت إدارة ترمپ وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي لتسليط الضوء على أعنف الاشتباكات بين المحتجين والسلطات الفدرالية، على الرغم من أن العديد منها ظلت سلمية.[30] استخدم المحتجين العلم المكسيكي كرمز،[185][186] الذي صورته الإدارة على أنه دليل على "غزو أجنبي".[30] خلال الاحتجاجات، سرعان ما انتشرت صور مزيفة ومعلومات مضللة ونظريات مؤامرة بسرعة على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، حيث أشارت معظمها زوراً إلى أن المدينة بأكملها غارقة في العنف وأعربت عن الغضب تجاه المهاجرين والديمقراطيين وأشادت بترمپ.[31]

ووصفت نيويورك تايمز إدارة ترمپ بأنها تسعى إلى المواجهة مع الحاكم نوسم في "مواجهة مع منافس سياسي بارز في ولاية زرقاء عميقة حول قضية جوهرية في أجندته السياسية"،[30] الذي وصفته رويترز بأنه يسمح لترمپ "بالترويج لسياساته المتشددة في مجال الهجرة بينما يزعم أن كاليفورنيا عاجزة عن وقف العنف دون تدخله"".[187].

مقارنة بأعمال شغب لوس أنجلس 1992

وصف الباحثون الاحتجاجات بأنها مختلفة تماماً ولا تحمل "مقارنة تذكر" بأعمال شغب لوس أنجلس 1992، حيث أشار الكثيرون إلى أن الاحتجاجات الحالية كانت سلمية إلى حد كبير، ولم تكن موجهة ضد السكان، وألحقت أضراراً قليلة نسبياً بالمنازل أو الشركات، ولم تكن واسعة النطاق لكنها محصورة في امتداد خمسة مربعات من وسط مدينة لوس أنجلس.[29][28]

في 10 يونيو، استنكر الاتحاد الأمريكي الكوري في لوس أنجلس تغريدةً نشرها دونالد ترمپ الابن، كتب فيها لنجعل الكوريين على الأسطح عظماءً من جديد!"، مرفقةً بصورة رجل على سطح مبنى، في إشارةٍ إلى أعمال الشغب التي شهدتها لوس أنجلس 1002، والتي أطلق خلالها الأمريكان الكوريون النار على الناهبين الذين هاجموا متاجرهم. ودعا الاتحاد إلى عدم استغلال هذا الحدث سياسياً لأي غرض سوى القول إن مداهمات وكالة الهجرة والجمارك افتقرت إلى الإجراءات القانونية الواجبة.[188]

قال هيونگ‌وون كانگ، المصور الصحفي الذي التقط الصورة التي نشرها ترمپ الابن على تويتر، إن صورته تم إخراجها من سياقها من قبله وأنه على اتصال مع محامي لاتخاذ إجراء قانوني بعد أن لم يستجب ترمپ الابن لطلبه بإزالتها من حسابه.[188]

استخدام الجيش

حرس كاليفورنيا الوطني في مواجهة المحتجين في لوس أنجلس، 10 يونيو.

وصفت نيويورك تايمز عملية إضفاء الطابع الفدرالي على حرس كاليفورنيا الوطني ونشره بأنها "محاولة من جانب ترمپ لتجاوز حدود السلطة الرئاسية وإثارة الانتقادات بأنه يؤجج الوضع لتحقيق مكاسب سياسية" من خلال تصوير الأحداث على أنها "تهديد وجودي للبلاد"،[30] واحتضان خطاب أمة تحت الحصار مع قول ترمپ إنه بحاجة إلى "تحرير لوس أنجلس" من "غزو المهاجرين".[189]

وشملت اللغة العسكرية الأخرى الإشارة إلى المحتجين باعتبارهم "متمردين" و"حشود متمردة عنيفة"، وأنهم يهددون السيادة الأمريكية، وأنه بحاجة إلى منع لوس أنجلس من "الاحتراق بالكامل"، وأنه لن يسمح "بغزو مدينة أمريكية واحتلالها من قبل عدو أجنبي".[190]

ووصفت الإيكونوميست الاستجابة بأنها لم تولي سوى اهتماماً ضئيلاً لاستعادة النظام،[191] وذكرت أن هدفها هو "خلق المواجهة" وتأجيج "دورة من الاحتجاج والعنف والقمع" لصالح الإدارة.[33] ووصفت پوليتيكو رد فعل ترمپ بأنه كان مدفوعاً بمحاولة تجنب تكرار احتجاجات جورج فلويد عندما نُصح بعدم نشر الجيش، باعتباره تصرفاً بناءً على اعتقاده بتفويض الحكم من قبل الناخبين الذي غذى فوزه في انتخابات 2024، وكان بمثابة تحذير لقادة المدن والولايات الآخرين.[190]

في 9 يونيو، أمر ترمپ بإرسال 2000 جندي إضافي من الحرس الوطني و700 من مشاة البحرية لدخول لوس أنجلس بعد أن قال إن الوضع "تحت السيطرة بشكل جيد للغاية".[192] وذكرت القيادة الشمالية الأمريكية أن القوات ستعمل تحت إشراف "قوة المهام 51" التي تشير إلى التسمية العسكرية لقوات المنطقة الجنوبية.[192] قدر الپنتاگون أن النشر الكامل لنحو 4000 من الحرس الوطني و700 من مشاة البحرية سيستغرق 60 يوماً وسيكلف حوالي 134 مليون دولار.[193]

مشروعية نشر الحرس الوطني والجيش

أفادت نيويورك تايمز أن العديد من علماء القانون وصفوا الأساس القانوني لترمپ لنشر الحرس الوطني بأنه غير مصرح به بموجب قوانينه المذكورة، وأنه بدلاً من ذلك بدا وكأنه يعلن حالات طوارئ مشكوك فيها لتجميع السلطة التنفيذية.[189] ووصفت پوليتيكو الأساس القانوني الذي ذكره ترمپ بأنه "أساس واهي ومصطنع لمثل هذه الخطوة النادرة والدراماتيكية" وفقاً للعديد من الباحثين القانونيين، ومن المحتمل أن يؤدي إلى تأجيج دورة من الاضطرابات المتزايدة.[194]

وقال محللون أنه من غير الواضح بموجب أي سلطة نشر ترمپ قوات مشاة البحرية العاملة في لوس أنجلس،[192] وأفادت أسوشيتد پرس أن الپنتاگون "يعمل جاهداً" على وضع قواعد اشتباك للمشاة البحرية الذين سيتم تسليحهم بأسلحتهم الخدمية القياسية.[195] تساءل أستاذ القانون ستڤ ڤلادك عن قانونية الإجراءات التي اتخذها وزير الدفاع پيت هِگسِث أثناء الاستجابة، والتي يعتقد ڤلادك أنها تتجاوز الإعلان المحدود الذي أصدره الرئيس ترمپ لحماية الممتلكات والأفراد.[38]

وأفادت صحيفة ميليتري تايمز أن عمليات النشر العسكرية أثارت مخاوف قانونية وسياسية كبيرة لدى خبراء ومسؤولين سابقين في وزارة الدفاع، الذين أشاروا إلى أن أوامرها الرسمية بحماية الممتلكات الفدرالية وضعت الجيش في "مهمة محرجة وخطيرة محتملة" قد "تجعل الوحدات تبدو وكأنها تنفذ القانون" وتجره إلى صراعات حزبية. كما وصفت الأمر التنفيذي لترمپ بنشر الجيش في المدن التي "يُحتمل أن تشهد احتجاجات" بأنه واسع النطاق، وقد يسمح للقوات بالعمل في مدن أخرى.[196] ووصف اللواء السابق پول إيتون عملية النشر بأنها مثال على تسييس الجيش ومقدمة محتملة لاستخدام قانون التمرد.[39]

أعلن الحاكم نوسم في وقت مبكر من صباح يوم 9 يونيو أن مكتبه ينوي مقاضاة إدارة ترمپ لنشرها الحرس الوطني دون التشاور مع مكتبه، واصفاً ذلك بأنه "غير قانوني وغير أخلاقي".[99] رفع المدعي العام لولاية كاليفورنيا روب بونتا الدعوى في وقت لاحق من نفس اليوم في محكمة منطقة كاليفورنيا الشمالية،[197] حيث أثسندت للقاضي تشارلز بريير، شقيق قاضي المحكمة العليا السابق ستيڤن بريير.[198][199] في اليوم التالي، قدم بونتا طلباً طارئاً للحصول على أمر تقييدي مؤقت، مؤكداً أن فدرلة الحرس الوطني لا يضر بسيادة الولاية ويستنزف مواردها فحسب، بل "يؤدي إلى تصعيد التوترات وتعزيز الاضطرابات المدنية (بدلاً من إخمادها)".[200] رفض بريير طلب بونتا بإصدار حكم طارئ، ووافق على طلب إدارة ترمپ بمنحها مزيداً من الوقت للرد على ملف الحاكم. أمام الحكومة الفدرالية حتى الساعة الثانية ظهراً بتوقيت شرق الولايات المتحدة يوم الأربعاء لتقديم ردها. وكتب بريير أن الولاية ستُتاح لها فرصة تقديم اعتراضها قبل جلسة الاستماع المقررة يوم الخميس 12 يونيو.[201]

ردود الفعل

كاليفورنيا

محلياً

Los Angeles mayor Karen Bass criticized the raids, stating that "[a]s Mayor of a proud city of immigrants, who contribute to our city in so many ways, I am deeply angered by what has taken place. These tactics sow terror in our communities and disrupt basic principles of safety in our city",[43] later adding that "[w]e will not stand for this."[202] On June 7, she declared, "Everyone has the right to peacefully protest, but [...] violence and destruction are unacceptable, and those responsible will be held accountable."[203] Bass also mentioned that Los Angeles was used as a "test case" by the federal government.[204]

The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department denied involvement in the raids.[205] The Los Angeles Police Department also denied involvement in civil immigration enforcement.[206]

Los Angeles FC fans held a silent protest at BMO Stadium for 90 minutes and displayed tifos criticising the ICE raids during their June 8 game against Sporting Kansas City.[207]

The National Hockey League stated that they were monitoring the situation in anticipation of the 2025 NHL entry draft, which is set to take place at the Peacock Theater at L.A. Live on June 27 and 28.[208]

CONCACAF stated that they were also monitoring the situation in anticipation to the 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup, where games are set to be played at SoFi Stadium and Dignity Health Sports Park. Concerns were also raised about the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup games set to be played at the Rose Bowl.[209][210]

ولائياً

California Governor Gavin Newsom condemned David Huerta's detention.[42] Representatives Jimmy Gomez, Luz Rivas, Norma Torres, and Lou Correa visited the detention center where the detained were held; Gomez alleged that they "didn't have access to food and water on a schedule" nor "access to their medicines".[43]

In a televised speech Newsom later criticized President Trump's decision to mobilize the California National Guard,[50] saying that it was "purposefully inflammatory" and that it would "only escalate tensions";[211][212] he also urged protesters to "never use violence" and to "speak out peacefully".[213] In response to Trump's authorization of an additional 2,000 National Guardsmen to be sent Los Angeles, Newsom described the move as "reckless" and "disrespectful to our troops".[16] According to The New York Times, California Democrats had privately expressed concern that Trump would nationalize the state's national guard, but acknowledged that their legal options would be limited.[214] The Financial Times wrote that the order to deploy National Guardsmen would "intensify tensions between the Trump administration and California".[215] California sued the Trump administration over the decision to bypass the governor in nationalizing the national guard.[216]

Senators Adam Schiff and Alex Padilla condemned the mobilization of the National Guard to Los Angeles. Padilla called the mobilization "a completely inappropriate and misguided mission",[217] while Schiff described it as "unprecedented", and stated that the action "is designed to inflame tensions, sow chaos, and escalate the situation".[217]

وطنياً

The Trump administration urged Democrats to condemn the protests and accused "the Left" of having incited the protests;[46] the DHS accused Karen Bass and Gavin Newsom of contributing to alleged violence.[54] Donald Trump later praised the National Guard.[218] In a speech at Fort Bragg commemorating the 250th anniversary of the United States Army, Trump described the protesters as both "animals" and "a foreign enemy," stating that "we will liberate Los Angeles and make it free, clean, and safe again."[219] US Vice President JD Vance condemned the protests, calling the protesters "insurrectionists",[220] and "far-left rioters",[221][بحاجة لمصدر غير رئيسي] and called for "decisive leadership".[222][بحاجة لمصدر غير رئيسي] He later took aim at Newsom, tweeting at him to "do your job".[223] Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem warned that protesters would be prosecuted.[49] Federal Bureau of Investigation director Kash Patel responded to Bass's tweet vowing to "not stand for this" with, "We will".[43] Todd Lyons, the acting Director of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, criticized the Los Angeles Police Department for purportedly not responding to the protests for over two hours.[49] Dan Bongino, the deputy director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, stated that the bureau would investigate the protests.[224]

Stephen Miller, the White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy and the Homeland Security Advisor to the President, tweeted, "Deport the invaders, or surrender to insurrection."[225] Miller additionally claimed that if the protests continued, the United States would cease to exist.[34] Retired major general Paul Eaton criticized Trump's deployment of national guard troops to Los Angeles, mentioning they are used as politicization.[226][227]

Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders denounced the Trump administration as moving the United States rapidly into the realm of authoritarianism.[228] Rhode Island Senator Jack Reed criticized Trump's decision to send 700 Marines to Los Angeles as an attempt to "us[e] the military as a political weapon".[229] Delaware Senator Chris Coons also criticized the deployment of U.S. Marines, stating, "It is unfortunate...to mobilize U.S. Marines who are trained for the Pacific, not for the streets of Los Angeles.” Both Coons and Connecticut Senator Chris Murphy accused the Trump administration of using the protests as a distraction from other matters, such as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.[230]

New York Representative Dan Goldman, Mississippi Representative Bennie Thompson, and former U.S. Capitol Police officer Harry Dunn, the latter of whom was present during the January 6 Capitol attack in 2021, accused the Trump administration of hypocrisy, perceiving a disparity between Trump's responses to the Capitol attack and the Los Angeles protests. Goldman stated, "Donald Trump pardoned 1,500 cop-beaters and insurrectionists, defied court orders, and weaponized prosecutions against his political opponents, yet he now pretends to care about 'law and order' when Americans protest his efforts to deport non-violent, non-criminal immigrants without due process."[231]

Conversely, Democratic Senator John Fetterman accused the Democratic Party of not condemning violence within the protests, writing, "My party loses the moral high ground when we refuse to condemn setting cars on fire, destroying buildings, and assaulting law enforcement."[232] Kentucky Senator Rand Paul criticized the Democratic Party's response to the protests as "appalling", stating, "You got a city on fire. You got people marching with foreign flags, people marching with a Mexican flag in L.A., resisting federal law, interfering with federal law. You have the governor and the mayor, both Democrats, saying they will interfere and will not uphold federal law.” Arkansas Senator Tom Cotton called for “an overwhelming show of force to end the riots" in an op-ed in The Wall Street Journal. Both Cotton and Florida Senator Rick Scott blamed the Democrats for the protests.[230]

After protesters vandalized and set five Waymo self-driving cars alight on June 8, the company responded by shutting down service to downtown Los Angeles[92] and limiting service in San Francisco.[233]

دولياً

The governments or consulates of China, Indonesia, Japan, and the United Kingdom have issued advisories to their citizens in Los Angeles in response to the protests.[234][235][236][237] The government of Hong Kong also warned citizens travelling to the United States to practise safety precautions amid ongoing protests.[238]

المكسيك

Mexican Senate President Gerardo Fernández Noroña displayed an 1830 map of Mexico highlighting the Mexican Cession (which includes all of California), which was taken by the United States in 1848 after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican–American War while speaking about the protests, stating that Spanish is the most spoken language in the city and that he would agree to build Trump's border wall around the old borders.[239]

إيران

The Government of Iran used the protests to mock the Trump administration, with an account affiliated with the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces posting an image of protestors carrying Mexican flags, captioned "Make Mexico Great Again!".[240] The Tehran Times published a headline reading "Make America Quashed Again", parodying the Trump slogan "Make America Great Again".[240][241]

استطلاعات الرأي

A YouGov poll of 4,200 U.S. adults found that 36% approved of the protests, 45% disapproved, and 19% were unsure. The same poll found that 47% disapproved of Trump's deployment of U.S. Marines to the area, compared to 34% who approved.[232][242]

انظر أيضاً

الهوامش

  1. ^ The California state government is in an ongoing political feud with the Trump administration.
  2. ^ أ ب Sources describe the majority of protests as peaceful and contained to a small part of the city.[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]
  3. ^ Protests at the Home Depot in Paramount were motivated by reports of an immigration raid at the location. However, officials told the BBC that the reports of a raid at the Home Depot were false.[51][52] Both the BBC and the Washington Examiner called the Home Depot reports "misinformation".[52][53]

المصادر

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  2. ^ Roderick-Fitch, Sarah (June 8, 2025). "National Guardsmen arrive in response to LA's 'violent mobs'". Circleville Herald. Archived from the original on June 9, 2025. Retrieved June 9, 2025.
  3. ^ Detrow, Scott (June 8, 2025). "Union leader detained at ICE raid in Los Angeles". NPR. Retrieved June 9, 2025.
  4. ^ Taxin, Amy; Dearen, Jason (June 9, 2025). "California labor leader charged with impeding officer during immigration crackdown". Associated Press. Retrieved June 9, 2025.
  5. ^ أ ب ت ث Jeong, Helen (June 7, 2025) [June 6, 2025]. "LAPD declares unlawful assembly on ICE raid protest in downtown LA". NBC 4 Los Angeles. Retrieved June 9, 2025.
  6. ^ Im Mi-na (June 9, 2025). "[르포] 전쟁터 방불...LA 불법이민단속 반발시위 현장 '일촉즉발'" [(Report) Reminiscent of a war zone... LA illegal immigration crackdown protest site 'on the brink']. Yonhap News Agency (in الكورية). Retrieved June 9, 2025.
  7. ^ Molina, Alejandra (June 8, 2025). "Boyle Heights protesters demonstrate peacefully, encounter tear gas outside detention center in downtown L.A." Boyle Heights Beat. Retrieved June 9, 2025.
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