بوپوموفو Bopomofo

"Zhuyin" redirects here. For the mythological creature, see Zhulong (mythology).

Bopomofo
The word "encyclopedia" (bǎikē quánshū) written in bopomofo (b-ai-k-c q-yu-en-sh-u)
النوع	with diacritics for tones Semisyllabary
المخترع	Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation Introduced by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China
الفترة الزمنية	Mainland China (1918–1958) Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (1960–2016; as a supplement to Hanyu Pinyin) Taiwan (1945–present)
النظم الوالدة	Oracle bone script Seal script Clerical script Bopomofo
النظم الابنة	Cantonese bopomofo، Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols، Suzhou Phonetic Symbols، Hmu Phonetic Symbols، Matsu Fuchounese bopomofo
الاتجاه	Left-to-right
ISO 15924	Bopo, 285
مرادف اليونيكود	Bopomofo
نطاق اليونيكود	U+3100–U+312F (Bopomofo) U+31A0–U+31BF (Bopomofo Extended)

Mandarin Phonetic Symbols
الصينية التقليدية	注音符號
الحروف المبسطة	注音符号
النقحرة المندرينية الفصحى هان‌يو پن‌ين Zhùyīn fúhào بوپوموفو ㄓㄨˋ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄠˋ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Juh'in fwuhaw ويد-جايلز Chu4-yin1 fu2-hao4 پن‌ين تونگ‌يونگ Jhù-yin fú-hào MPS2 Jùyīn fúhàu IPA [tʂû.ín fǔ.xɑ̂ʊ] يوى: كانتونية رومنة يل Jyuyām Fùhhóu جيوتپنگ Zyu3 jam1 fu4 hou2 IPA [tsy˧ jɐm˥ fu˩ hɔw˧˥] مين الجنوبية هوك‌ين POJ Chù-im hû-hō تاي-لو Tsù-im hû-hō

بوپوموفو Bopomofo، وتُدعى أيضاً ژوين فوهاو ( []dʒuːˌjɪn fuːˈhaʊ[] joo-YIN foo-HOW; 注音符號; Zhùyīn fúhào; 'phonetic symbols'), or simply Zhuyin, is a transliteration system for Standard Chinese and other Sinitic languages. It is the principal method of teaching Chinese Mandarin pronunciation in Taiwan. It consists of 37 characters and five tone marks, which together can transcribe all possible sounds in Mandarin Chinese.

Bopomofo was first introduced in China during the 1910s by the Beiyang government, where it was used alongside Wade–Giles, a romanization system which used a modified Latin alphabet. Today, Bopomofo is more common in Taiwan than on the mainland, and is used as the primary electronic input method for Taiwanese Mandarin, as well as in dictionaries and other non-official documents.

 المصطلحات

Bopomofo is the name used for the system by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Unicode. Analogous to how the word alphabet is derived from the names of the first two letters alpha and beta, the name bopomofo derives from the first four syllabographs in the system's conventional lexicographic order: ㄅ, ㄆ, ㄇ, and ㄈ.

In Taiwan the system is commonly known by its official name قالب:Zhp, or simply as قالب:Zhp. In official documents, it is occasionally called Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I (國語注音符號第一式), abbreviated as قالب:Zht, to distinguish it from the Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (MPS II) system published in 1984. Formerly, the system was named قالب:Zhp and قالب:Zhp.

 التاريخ

 الأصول

المقالة الرئيسية: Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation § Phonetic symbols

The Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation, led by Wu Zhihui from 1912 to 1913, created a system called Zhuyin Zimu, which was based on Zhang Binglin's shorthand. It was used as the official phonetic script to annotate the sounds of the characters in accordance with the Old National Pronunciation. A draft was released on 11 July 1913, by the Republic of China National Ministry of Education, but it was not officially proclaimed until 23 November 1928. It was first named Guóyīn Zìmǔ 'national pronunciation alphabet', but in April 1930 was renamed Zhùyīn Fúhào 'phonetic symbols' to address fears that the alphabetic system might independently replace Chinese characters.

 الاستخدام الحديث

A guide on how to typeset Bopomofo alongside characters. (1936, Li Jinxi)

Bopomofo is the predominant phonetic system in teaching reading and writing in elementary school in Taiwan. In elementary school, particularly in the lower years, Chinese characters in textbooks are often annotated with Bopomofo as ruby characters as an aid to learning. Additionally, one children's newspaper in Taiwan, the Mandarin Daily News, annotates all articles with Bopomofo ruby characters.

It is also the most popular way for Taiwanese to enter Chinese characters into computers and smartphones and to look up characters in a dictionary.

In teaching Mandarin, Taiwan institutions and some overseas communities such as Filipino Chinese use Bopomofo.

Bopomofo is shown in a secondary position to Hanyu Pinyin in all editions of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian from the 1960 edition to the current 2016 edition (7th edition).

Bopomofo is also used to transcribe other Chinese languages, most commonly Taiwanese Hokkien and Cantonese, however its use can be applied to practically any variety in handwriting (because not all letters are encoded). Outside of Chinese, Bopomofo letters are also used in Hmu and Ge languages by a small number of Hmu Christians.

 الرموز

Table of Bopomofo, with romanization given in Gwoyeu Romatzyh

Bopomofo in Regular, Handwritten Regular & Cursive formats

The Bopomofo characters were created by Zhang Binglin, taken mainly from "regularized" forms of ancient Chinese characters, the modern readings of which contain the sound that each letter represents. The consonants are listed in order of place of articulation, from the front of the mouth to the back, /b/, /p/, /m/, /f/, /d/, /t/, /n/, /l/ etc.

Origin of bopomofo symbols

Consonants

Bopomofo	Origin	IPA	Pinyin	WG	Example
ㄅ	From 勹, the ancient form and current top portion of 包 bāo, "to wrap up; package"	[]	b	p	包 bāo ㄅㄠ
ㄆ	From 攵, a variant form of 攴 pū, "to knock lightly".	[]	p	pʻ	撲 pū ㄆㄨ
ㄇ	From 冂, the archaic character and current "cover" radical 冖 mì.	[]	m	m	冞 mí ㄇㄧˊ
ㄈ	From the "right open box" radical 匚 fāng.	[]	f	f	匪 fěi ㄈㄟˇ
ㄪ	From 万, a simplification of 萬 wàn, "ten thousand". Not used in Mandarin anymore.	[]	v	v	尾 wěi ㄨㄟˇ (万ㄟˇ)
ㄉ	From 𠚣, archaic form of 刀 dāo, "blade". Compare the Shuowen seal .	[]	d	t	地 dì ㄉㄧˋ
ㄊ	From 𠫓 tū, an upside-down form of 子 zǐ and an ancient form of 突 tū ( and in seal script)	[]	t	tʻ	提 tí ㄊㄧˊ
ㄋ	From /𠄎, ancient form of 乃 nǎi, "to be" (a copula in Classical Chinese).	[]	n	n	你 nǐ ㄋㄧˇ
ㄌ	From 𠠲, archaic form of 力 lì, "power".	[]	l	l	利 lì ㄌㄧˋ
ㄍ	From the obsolete character 巜 guì/kuài, "ditch".	[]	g	k	告 gào ㄍㄠˋ
ㄎ	From the archaic character, now "breath" or "sigh" component 丂 kǎo.	[]	k	kʻ	考 kǎo ㄎㄠˇ
ㄫ	From 兀 wù, "towering". Not used in Mandarin anymore.	[]	ng	ng	五 wǔ ㄨˇ (ㄫㄨˇ)
ㄏ	From the archaic character and current radical 厂 hǎn.	[]	h	h	好 hǎo ㄏㄠˇ
ㄐ	From the archaic character 丩 jiū.	[]	j	ch	叫 jiào ㄐㄧㄠˋ
ㄑ	From the archaic character 𡿨 quǎn, graphic root of the character 巛 chuān, "river" (modern 川).	[]	q	chʻ	巧 qiǎo ㄑㄧㄠˇ
ㄬ	From the archaic character 广 yǎn, "dotted cliff". Not used in Mandarin anymore.	[]	gn	gn	眼 yǎn ㄧㄢˇ (广ㄧㄢˇ)
ㄒ	From 丅, an ancient form of 下 xià, "under".	[]	x	hs	小 xiǎo ㄒㄧㄠˇ
ㄓ	From /𡳿, archaic form of 之 zhī, a genitive marker in Classical Chinese.	[]	zhi, zh-	ch	知 zhī ㄓ; 主 zhǔ ㄓㄨˇ
ㄔ	From the character and radical 彳 chì	[]	chi, ch-	chʻ	吃 chī ㄔ; 出 chū ㄔㄨ
ㄕ	From 𡰣, an ancient form of 尸 shī	[]	shi, sh-	sh	是 shì ㄕˋ; 束 shù ㄕㄨˋ
ㄖ	Modified from the seal script form of 日 rì, "day" or "sun".	[]~[]	ri, r-	j	日 rì ㄖˋ; 入 rù ㄖㄨˋ
ㄗ	From the archaic character and current radical 卩 jié, dialectically zié ([]; قالب:Zh-no-labels in Wade–Giles)	[]	zi, z-	ts	字 zì ㄗˋ; 在 zài ㄗㄞˋ
ㄘ	From 𠀁, archaic form of 七 qī, dialectically ciī ([]; قالب:Zh-no-labels in Wade–Giles). Compare semi-cursive form and seal-script .	[]	ci, c-	tsʻ	詞 cí ㄘˊ; 才 cái ㄘㄞˊ
ㄙ	From the archaic character 厶 sī, which was later replaced by its compound 私 sī.	[]	si, s-	s	四 sì ㄙˋ; 塞 sāi ㄙㄞ

Rhymes and medials

Bopomofo	Origin	IPA	Pinyin	WG	Example
ㄚ	From 丫 yā	[]	a	a	大 dà ㄉㄚˋ
ㄛ	From the obsolete character 𠀀 hē, inhalation, the reverse of 丂 kǎo, which is preserved as a phonetic in the compound 可 kě.	[]	o	o	多 duō ㄉㄨㄛ
ㄜ	Derived from its allophone in Standard Chinese, ㄛ o	[]	e	o/ê	得 dé ㄉㄜˊ
ㄝ	From 也 yě, "also". Compare the Warring States bamboo form	[]	-ie/ê	eh	爹 diē ㄉㄧㄝ
ㄞ	From 𠀅 hài, archaic form of 亥.	[]	ai	ai	晒 shài ㄕㄞˋ
ㄟ	From 乁 yí, an obsolete character meaning 移 yí, "to move".	[]	ei	ei	誰 shéi ㄕㄟˊ
ㄠ	From 幺 yāo	[]	ao	ao	少 shǎo ㄕㄠˇ
ㄡ	From 又 yòu	[]	ou	ou	收 shōu ㄕㄡ
ㄢ	From the archaic character 𢎘 hàn "to bloom", preserved as a phonetic in the compound 犯 fàn	[]	an	an	山 shān ㄕㄢ
ㄣ	From 𠃉, archaic variant of 鳦 yǐ or 乚 yà (乚 is  yǐn according to other sources)	[]	en	ên	申 shēn ㄕㄣ
ㄤ	From 尢 wāng	[]	ang	ang	上 shàng ㄕㄤˋ
ㄥ	From 𠃋, archaic form of 肱 gōng	[]	eng	êng	生 shēng ㄕㄥ
ㄦ	From 儿, the bottom portion of 兒 ér used as a cursive and simplified form	[]	er	êrh	而 ér ㄦˊ
ㄧ	From 一 yī, "one"	[]	y, yi, -i	i	以 yǐ ㄧˇ; 逆 nì ㄋㄧˋ
ㄨ	From 㐅, ancient form of 五 wǔ, "five". Compare the transitory form 𠄡.	[]	w, wu, -u	u/w	努 nǔ ㄋㄨˇ; 我 wǒ ㄨㄛˇ
ㄩ	From the ancient character 凵 qū, which remains as a radical	[]	yu, -ü	ü/yü	雨 yǔ ㄩˇ; 女 nǚ ㄋㄩˇ
ㄭ	From the character 帀. It represents the fricative vowel of ㄓ，ㄔ，ㄕ，ㄖ，ㄗ，ㄘ，ㄙ，though it is not used after them in transcription.	[]~[], []~[]	-i	ih/ŭ	資 zī ㄗ; 知 zhī ㄓ; 死 sǐ ㄙˇ

 الكتابة

 ترتيب الخبطات

Bopomofo is written in the same stroke order rule as Chinese characters. ㄖ is written with three strokes, unlike the character from which it is derived (الصينية: 日; پن‌ين: rì), which has four strokes.

ㄧ can be written as a vertical line () or a horizontal line (); both are accepted forms. Traditionally, it should be written as a horizontal line in vertical writing, and a vertical line in horizontal writing. The People's Republic of China almost exclusively uses horizontal writing, so the vertical form (in the rare occasion that Bopomofo is used) has become the standard form there. Language education in the Republic of China generally uses vertical writing, so most people learn it as a horizontal line, and use a horizontal form even in horizontal writing. In 2008, the Taiwanese Ministry of Education decided that the primary form should always be the horizontal form, but that the vertical form is accepted alternative. Unicode 8.0.0 published an errata in 2014 that updates the representative glyph to be the horizontal form. Computer fonts may only display one form or the other, or may be able to display both if the font is aware of changes needed for vertical writing.

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Bopomofo is occasionally unofficially handwritten as syllable blocks, similar to Hangul, however this is not considered an accepted form by the People's Republic of China nor the Republic of China, and is unsupported by Unicode.

 العلامات النغمية

As shown in the following table, tone marks for the second, third, and fourth tones are shared between bopomofo and pinyin. In bopomofo, the mark for first tone is usually omitted but can be included, while a dot above indicates the fifth tone (also known as the neutral tone). In pinyin, a macron (overbar) indicates the first tone, and the lack of a marker usually indicates the fifth (light) tone.

Tone	Bopomofo		Pinyin
	Tone Marker	Unicode Name	Tone Marker	Unicode Name
1	ˉ	Modifier Letter Macron (usually omitted)	[]	Combining Macron
2	ˊ	Modifier Letter Acute Accent	[]	Combining Acute Accent
3	ˇ	Caron	[]	Combining Caron
4	ˋ	Modifier Letter Grave Accent	[]	Combining Grave Accent
5	˙	Dot Above	[]	Middle Dot (usually omitted)

Unlike Hanyu Pinyin, Bopomofo aligns well with the Chinese characters in books whose texts are printed vertically, making Bopomofo better suited for annotating the pronunciation of vertically oriented Chinese text.

When used in conjunction with Chinese characters, Bopomofo is typically placed to the right of the Chinese character vertically in both vertical print and horizontal print or to the top of the Chinese character in a horizontal print (see Ruby characters).

 مثال

Below is an example for the word "bottle" (پن‌ين: píngzi):

瓶 ㄆ ㄧ ㄥˊ 子 ˙ ㄗ

,

瓶 ㄆ ㄧ ㄥˊ 子 ˙ ㄗ

or

ㄆㄧㄥˊ ˙ㄗ 瓶 子

 نقحرة إرهوا

Words rhotacized as a result of erhua are spelled with ㄦ attached to the syllable (like 歌兒(ㄍㄜㄦ)

gēr). In case the syllable uses other tones than the 1st tone, the tone mark is attached to the penultimate letter standing for syllable nucleus, but not to ㄦ (e.g. 哪兒(ㄋㄚˇㄦ)
nǎr; 一(ㄧ)

點兒(ㄉㄧㄢˇㄦ)

yīdiǎnr; 好(ㄏㄠˇ)

玩兒(ㄨㄢˊㄦ)

hǎowánr).

 مقارنة

 Pinyin

Bopomofo and pinyin are based on the same Mandarin pronunciations; hence there is a one-to-one correspondence between the two systems:

IPA and pinyin counterparts of Bopomofo finals

		Rhyme
			ㄚ	ㄛ	ㄜ	ㄝ	ㄞ	ㄟ	ㄠ	ㄡ	ㄢ	ㄣ	ㄤ	ㄥ	ㄦ
Medial		[] (ㄭ) 1 -i	[] ㄚ a -a	[] ㄛ 3 o -o 3	[] ㄜ e -e	[] ㄝ ê	[] ㄞ ai -ai	[] ㄟ ei -ei	[] ㄠ ao -ao	[] ㄡ ou -ou	[] ㄢ an -an	[] ㄣ en -en	[] ㄤ ang -ang	[] ㄥ eng -eng	[] ㄦ er
	ㄧ	[] ㄧ yi -i	[] ㄧㄚ ya -ia	[] ㄧㄛ yo		[] ㄧㄝ ye -ie	[] ㄧㄞ yai		[] ㄧㄠ yao -iao	[] ㄧㄡ you -iu	[] ㄧㄢ yan -ian	[] ㄧㄣ yin -in	[] ㄧㄤ yang -iang	[] ㄧㄥ ying -ing
	ㄨ	[] ㄨ wu -u	[] ㄨㄚ wa -ua	[] ㄨㄛ 3 wo -uo 3			[] ㄨㄞ wai -uai	[] ㄨㄟ wei -ui			[] ㄨㄢ wan -uan	[] ㄨㄣ wen -un	[] ㄨㄤ wang -uang	[] ㄨㄥ weng -ong 4
	ㄩ	[] ㄩ yu -ü 2				[] ㄩㄝ yue -üe 2					[] ㄩㄢ yuan -üan 2	[] ㄩㄣ yun -ün 2		[] ㄩㄥ yong -iong

¹ Not written.

² ⟨-ü⟩ is written as ⟨-u⟩ after ⟨j-⟩, ⟨q-⟩, ⟨x-⟩, or ⟨y-⟩.

³ ⟨ㄨㄛ⟩/⟨-uo⟩ is written as ⟨ㄛ⟩/⟨-o⟩ after ⟨ㄅ⟩/⟨b-⟩, ⟨ㄆ⟩/⟨p-⟩, ⟨ㄇ⟩/⟨m-⟩, ⟨ㄈ⟩/⟨f-⟩.

⁴ ⟨weng⟩ is pronounced [] (written as ⟨-ong⟩) when it follows an initial.

 Chart

Vowels a, e, o, i

IPA	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]
پن‌ين	a	o	e	ai	ei	ao	ou	an	en	ang	eng	er	ong	yi	ye	you	yan	yin	ying
Tongyong Pinyin	a	o	e	ai	ei	ao	ou	an	en	ang	eng	er	ong	yi	ye	you	yan	yin	ying
Wade-Giles	a	o	o/ê	ai	ei	ao	ou	an	ên	ang	êng	êrh	ung	i	yeh	yu	yen	yin	ying
Zhuyin	ㄚ	ㄛ	ㄜ	ㄞ	ㄟ	ㄠ	ㄡ	ㄢ	ㄣ	ㄤ	ㄥ	ㄦ	ㄨㄥ	ㄧ	ㄧㄝ	ㄧㄡ	ㄧㄢ	ㄧㄣ	ㄧㄥ
مثال	阿	哦	俄	艾	黑	凹	偶	安	恩	昂	冷	二	中	一	也	又	言	音	英

Vowels u, y

IPA	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]
پن‌ين	wu	wo	wei	wai	wan	wen		weng		yu	yue	yuan	yun	yong
Tongyong Pinyin	wu	wo	wei	wai	wan		wun		wong	yu	yue	yuan	yun	yong
Wade-Giles	wu	wo	wei	wai	wan	wên		wêng		yü	yüeh	yüan	yün	yung
Zhuyin	ㄨ	ㄨㄛ	ㄨㄟ	ㄨㄞ	ㄨㄢ	ㄨㄣ		ㄨㄥ		ㄩ	ㄩㄝ	ㄩㄢ	ㄩㄣ	ㄩㄥ
مثال	五	我	位	外	完	文		翁		玉	月	元	云	用

Non-sibilant consonants

IPA	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]
پن‌ين	b	p	m	feng		diu	dui	t	nü	lü	ger	k	he
Tongyong Pinyin	b	p	m		fong	diou	duei	t	nyu	lyu	ger	k	he
Wade-Giles	p	p'	m	fêng		tiu	tui	t'	nü	lü	kêrh	k'	ho
Zhuyin	ㄅ	ㄆ	ㄇ	ㄈㄥ		ㄉㄧㄡ	ㄉㄨㄟ	ㄊ	ㄋㄩ	ㄌㄩ	ㄍㄜㄦ	ㄎ	ㄏㄜ
مثال	玻	婆	末	封		丟	兌	特	女	旅	歌儿	可	何

Sibilant consonants

IPA	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]
Pinyin	jian	jiong	qin	xuan	zhe	zhi	che	chi	she	shi	re	ri	ze	zuo	zi	ce	ci	se	si
Tongyong Pinyin	jian	jyong	cin	syuan	jhe	jhih	che	chih	she	shih	re	rih	ze	zuo	zih	ce	cih	se	sih
Wade-Giles	chien	chiung	ch'in	hsüan	chê	chih	ch'ê	ch'ih	shê	shih	jê	jih	tsê	tso	tzŭ	ts'ê	tz'ŭ	sê	szŭ
Zhuyin	ㄐㄧㄢ	ㄐㄩㄥ	ㄑㄧㄣ	ㄒㄩㄢ	ㄓㄜ	ㄓ	ㄔㄜ	ㄔ	ㄕㄜ	ㄕ	ㄖㄜ	ㄖ	ㄗㄜ	ㄗㄨㄛ	ㄗ	ㄘㄜ	ㄘ	ㄙㄜ	ㄙ
مثال	件	窘	秦	宣	哲	之	扯	赤	社	是	惹	日	仄	左	字	策	次	色	斯

الطبقات

IPA	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]
پن‌ين	mā	má	mǎ	mà	ma
Tongyong Pinyin	ma	má	mǎ	mà	må
Wade-Giles	ma1	ma2	ma3	ma4	ma0
Zhuyin	ㄇㄚ	ㄇㄚˊ	ㄇㄚˇ	ㄇㄚˋ	ㄇㄚ・
مثال(تقليدية/مبسطة)	媽/妈	麻/麻	馬/马	罵/骂	嗎/吗

 Use outside Standard Mandarin

Bopomofo symbols for non-Mandarin Chinese varieties are added to Unicode in the Bopomofo Extended block.

 Taiwanese Hokkien

المقالة الرئيسية: Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols

In Taiwan, Bopomofo is used to teach Taiwanese Hokkien, and is also used to transcribe it phonetically in contexts such as on storefront signs, karaoke lyrics, and film subtitles.

Three letters no longer used for Mandarin are carried over from the 1913 standard:

Bopomofo	IPA	GR	Pinyin
ㄪ	[]	v	v
ㄫ	[]	ng	ng
ㄬ	[]	gn	gn

23 more letters were added specifically for Taiwanese Hokkien:

Bopomofo	IPA	TL	Derivation
ㆠ	[]	b	ㄅ with voicing circle
ㆣ	[]	g	ㄍ with voicing circle
ㆢ	[]	ji	ㄐ with voicing circle
ㆡ	[]	j	ㄗ with voicing circle
ㆨ	[]	ir	ㄨ and ㄧ combined (?)
ㆦ	[]	oo	from ㄛ
ㆤ	[]	e	from ㄝ
ㆩ	[]	ann	ㄚ with nasal curl
ㆧ	[]	onn	ㆦ with nasal curl
ㆥ	[]	enn	ㆤ with nasal curl
ㆪ/ㆳ	[]	inn	ㄧ with nasal curl
ㆫ	[]	unn	ㄨ with nasal curl
ㆮ	[]	ainn	ㄞ with nasal curl
ㆯ	[]	aunn	ㄠ with nasal curl
ㆰ	[]	am	ㄚ and ㄇ combined
ㆱ	[]	om	ㆦ and ㄇ combined
ㆲ	[]	ong
ㆬ	[]	m	ㄇ with syllabic stroke
ㆭ	[]	ng	ㄫ with syllabic stroke
ㆴ	[]	-p	small ㄅ
ㆵ	[]	-t	small ㄉ
ㆻ/ㆶ	[]	-k	small ㄍ (and variant small ㄎ)
ㆷ	[]	-h	small ㄏ

Two tone marks were added for the additional tones: ˪, ˫

 Cantonese

المقالة الرئيسية: Cantonese Bopomofo

The following letters are used in Cantonese.

Bopomofo	IPA	Jyutping
ㆼ	[]	gw
ㆽ	[]	kw
ㆾ	[]	eo
ㆿ	[]	a

If a syllable ends with a consonant other than -an or -aan, the consonant's letter is added, then followed by a final middle dot.

-ㄞ is used for [] (aai) (e.g. 敗, ㄅㄞ baai6, "to be defeated").

-ㄣ is used for [] (an) (e.g. 跟, ㄍㄣ gan1, "to follow"), and -ㄢ is used for [] (aan) (e.g. 間, ㄍㄢ gaan1, "within"). Other vowels that end with -n use -ㄋ· for the final ㄋ. (e.g. 見, ㄍㄧㄋ· gin3, "to see").

-ㄡ is used for [] (au). (e.g. 牛, ㄫㄡ, ngau4, "cow") To transcribe [] (ou), it is written as ㄛㄨ (e.g. 路, ㄌㄛㄨ lou6, "path").

ㄫ is used for both initial ng- (as in 牛, ㄫㄡ, ngau4) and final -ng (as in 用, ㄧㄛㄫ·, jung⁶ "to use").

ㄐ is used for [] (z) (e.g. 煑, ㄐㄩ zyu2, "to cook") and ㄑ is used for [] (c) (e.g. 全, ㄑㄩㄋ· cyun4, "whole").

During the time when Bopomofo was proposed for Cantonese, tones were not marked.

 Computer uses

 Input method

An example of a Bopomofo keypad for Taiwan

A typical keyboard layout for Bopomofo on computers

Bopomofo can be used as an input method for Chinese characters. It is one of the few input methods that can be found on most modern personal computers without having to download or install any additional software. It is also one of the few input methods that can be used for inputting Chinese characters on certain cell phones.. On the QWERTY keyboard, the symbols are ordered column-wise top-down (e.g. 8+I+K+,)

 Unicode

المقالة الرئيسية: Bopomofo (Unicode block) and Bopomofo Extended (Unicode block)

Bopomofo was added to the Unicode Standard in October 1991 with the release of version 1.0.

The Unicode block for Bopomofo is U+3100–U+312F: قالب:Unicode chart Bopomofo

Additional characters were added in September 1999 with the release of version 3.0.

The Unicode block for these additional characters, called Bopomofo Extended, is U+31A0–U+31BF:

Unicode 3.0 also added the characters U+02EA ˪ modifier letter yin departing tone mark and U+02EB ˫ modifier letter yang departing tone mark, in the Spacing Modifier Letters block. These two characters are now (since Unicode 6.0) classified as Bopomofo characters.

Tonal marks for bopomofo Spacing Modifier Letters
Tone	Tone Marker	Unicode	Note
1 Yin Ping (Level)	ˉ	U+02C9	Usually omitted
2 Yang Ping (Level)	ˊ	U+02CA
3 Shang (Rising)	ˇ	U+02C7
4 Qu (Departing)	ˋ	U+02CB
4a Yin Qu (Departing)	˪	U+02EA	For Minnan and Hakka languages
4b Yang Qu (Departing)	˫	U+02EB	For Minnan and Hakka languages
5 Qing (Neutral)	˙	U+02D9

 See also

• Chinese input methods for computers
• Fanqie
• Furigana
• Hangul
• Kana
• Ruby character
• Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
• Zhuyin table

 External links

ابحث عن bopomofo في
قاموس المعرفة.

• The Manual of The Phonetic Symbols of Mandarin Chinese
• Unicode reference glyphs for "bopomofo" (PDF). (69.6 KB) and "extended bopomofo" (PDF). (61.6 KB)
• Bopomofo annotations – adds inline and pop-up annotations with bopomofo pronunciation and English definitions to Chinese text or web pages.
• Mandarin Dictionary – needs Chinese font for Big5 encoding
• Chinese Phonetic Conversion Tool – converts between Pinyin, Bopomofo and other phonetic systems
• Chinese Romanization Converter – converts between Hanyu Pinyin, Wade–Giles, Gwoyeu Romatzyh and other known or (un-)common Romanization systems
• Bopomofo -> Wade-Giles -> Pinyin -> Word List
• NPA->IPA National Phonetic Alphabet (bopomofo) spellings of words transliterated into the International Phonetic Alphabet. The vowel values have been verified against the official IPA site. See IPA help preview, SIL International website. See IPA help preview, SIL International website. (Accessed 23 December 2010).
• Bopomofo to Pinyin converter and reverse
• bopomofo syllable chart, with Hanyu Pinyin equivalents
• Pinyin Annotator – adds bopomofo (bopomofo) or pinyin on top of any Chinese text, prompts alternative pronunciations to homonyms, has the option of exporting into OpenOffice Writer for further editing
• 《請利用螢幕上的小鍵盤輸入注音符號》 – online keyboard for bopomofo which can turn it into Chinese characters
• Online Bopomofo Input Method Editor 免费在线中文输入法，使用注音