حسن البلقية

Hassanal Bolkiah حسن البلقية‎
Hassanal Bolkiah in 2024
Sultan of Brunei
العهد	5 October 1967 – present
التتويج	1 August 1968
سبقه	Omar Ali Saifuddien III
Heir apparent	Al-Muhtadee Billah
Other positions Prime Minister of Brunei الحالي تولى المنصب 1 January 1984 Deputy Al-Muhtadee Billah سبقه Office established Minister of Foreign Affairs الحالي تولى المنصب 22 October 2015 يخدم with Lim Jock Seng (2005–2018) and Erywan Yusof (2018–) سبقه Mohamed Bolkiah Minister of Defence Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces الحالي تولى المنصب 7 September 1986 يخدم with Halbi Mohd Yussof (2018–2022; 2023–) سبقه Omar Ali Saifuddien III Minister of Finance and Economy الحالي تولى المنصب 23 February 1997 يخدم with Abdul Rahman Ibrahim (2005–2018) and Amin Liew Abdullah (2018–) سبقه Jefri Bolkiah In office 1 January 1984 – 20 October 1986 سبقه Office established خلـَفه Jefri Bolkiah Minister of Home Affairs In office 1 January 1984 – 20 October 1986 سبقه Office established خلـَفه Isa Ibrahim
وُلِد	Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah 15 يوليو 1946 Istana Darussalam, Brunei Town, British Protectorate of Brunei
الزوج	Pengiran Anak Saleha ​ ​ (m. 1965)​ Mariam Abdul Aziz ​ ​ (m. 1981; div. 2003)​ Azrinaz Mazhar Hakim ​ ​ (m. 2005; div. 2010)​
الأنجال	قائمة Princess Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Princess Muta-Wakkilah Hayatul Bolkiah Crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah Princess Majeedah Nuurul Bolkiah Princess Hafizah Sururul Bolkiah Prince Abdul Azim Prince Abdul Malik Princess Azemah Ni'matul Bolkiah Princess Fadzilah Lubabul Bolkiah Prince Abdul Mateen Prince Abdul Wakeel Princess Ameerah Wardatul Bolkiah
الاسم الكامل Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien
البيت	Bolkiah
الأب	Omar Ali Saifuddien III
الأم	Pengiran Anak Damit
الديانة	Sunni Islam
التوقيع
التعليم	Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien College Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
السيرة العسكرية
الولاء	بروناي
الخدمة/الفرع	Royal Brunei Armed Forces
Years of active service	1965–present
الرتبة	Field Marshal
الأوسمة	Full list

السلطان حسن البلقية معز الدين وعد الله (و. 15 يوليو 1946)، هو السلطان التاسع والعشرون لسلطنة بروناي. يتصل نسبه بالشريف علي بن عجلان حسب رواية الأسرة المالكة ببروناي والذي تزوج بابنة السلطان أحمد ومن ثم آل إليه الملك. يُعتبر السلطان حسن البلقيه من أثرى أثرياء العالم، إذ ذكرت مجلة فوربس الأمريكية في نشرة لها حول أغنى ملوك العالم نشرت في 2008، أن قيمة ثروته تقدر ب(20 مليار) دولار أمريكي.

ولي عهده هو الأمير المهتدي بالله البلقية وريث السلطان وهو ابنه من الملكة صالحة. السلطان حسن، عنده خمسة أبناء وست بنات مع زوجته الملكة صالحة وزوجته الثانية ولديه زوجة سابقة وهي الملكة مريم. السلطان حسن تزوج من اثنتين بعد أن طلق الملكة مريم، وقد تزوج من "أزريناز مظهر حكيم" في العام 2005 والتي تصغره بـ32 عاما.

 حياته المبكرة

ولد السلطان في 15 يوليو 1946، في إستانا دار السلام، بروني تاون (تسمى الآن بندر سيري بيغاوان) باسم "Pengiran Muda Mahkota" (ولي العهد) حسن بن بلقية. تلقى السلطان تعليمًا ثانويًا في مؤسسة فيكتوريا في كوالالمبور، وبعد ذلك التحق بـ الأكاديمية العسكرية الملكية ساندهيرست في المملكة المتحدة ، وتخرج في عام 1967. The sultan has been ranked among the wealthiest individuals in the world. As of 2023, Hassanal Bolkiah is said to have a net worth of $30 billion. He is the world's longest-reigning current monarch and the longest-serving current head of state. On 5 October 2017, Bolkiah celebrated his Golden Jubilee to mark the 50th year of his reign.

 Early life and education

Pengiran Muda (Prince) Hassanal Bolkiah was born during the reign of his uncle Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin on 15 July 1946, in Istana Darussalam. His father, the Pengiran Bendahara Seri Maharaja Permaisuara at that time, was the heir presumptive of Brunei which put him second in line to the throne at the time of his birth. Prince Mohamed Bolkiah, Prince Sufri Bolkiah, and Prince Jefri Bolkiah are his three brothers, while Princess Masna Bolkiah, Princess Nor'ain Bolkiah, Princess Umi Kalthum Al-Islam Bolkiah, Princess Amal Rakiah Bolkiah, Princess Amal Nasibah Bolkiah, and Princess Amal Jefriah Bolkiah are his six sisters.

His education at the Istana Darul Hana Surau began in the latter part of 1955 and finished in the first week of 1959. Abdul Ghani bin Jamil revealed in an interview that in addition to Hassanal Bolkiah, among the students at the surau were Prince Mohamed Bolkiah, Princess Masna Bolkiah, Princess Nor'ain, Pengiran Anak Saleha, Pengiran Muda Abdul Rahman, Pengiran Anak Yusof, Pengiran Anak Puteh, Pengiran Anak Ja'afar, and Pengiran Muda Apong. They range in age from five to ten years old, with Abdul Ghani stating that Hassanal Bolkiah is the oldest by far.

Hassanal Bolkiah finished his third grade schooling at the Jamalul Alam Malay School in Brunei Town in 1955 when he was nine years old. Abdul Rahman bin Haii Mohd. Ja'afar was the teacher assigned to him and the prince only received instruction from Abdul Rahman for three to four months, following which he ceased receiving "Private Tuition" for a month at the surau. He was able to read English literature in three months, and after four years, he had reached the sixth grade of primary schooling. He prefers to study the sciences, languages, and history from a subject standpoint.

For over four years, Hassanal Bolkiah attended school at the Istana Darul Hana Surau before relocating to Kuala Lumpur to further his education. He originally attended Jalan Gurney School before studying at Victoria Institution from January 1961 to December 1963. As a result, he became the first Sultan of Brunei to complete his education both domestically and abroad. According to V. Murugasu, the headmaster of Victoria Institution, he has demonstrated qualities of a great and responsible leader since he was a student. While at Victoria Institution, he enlisted in the Cadet Corps and was named best recruit in 1961. He wasn't the only royal or nobleman at the institution, according to G. E. D. Lewis, the school principal, thus the prize was given solely on the basis of merit. He had attained the rank of Lance Corporal when he left the institution.

At the age of fifteen, he was crowned as Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Duli Pengiran Muda Mahkota (His Royal Highness the Crown Prince) on 14 July 1961. Notably, the 2nd Gurkha Rifles were dispatched to Brunei in December 1962, the month the Brunei revolt began. Lieutenant Colonel Digby Willoughby and a small Royal Gurkha Rifles squad helped to rescue his father and him from their palace, and his father was eternally grateful for Willoughby's actions on that day.

Due to the strained relations between Brunei and Malaysia in 1963, Hassanal Bolkiah went back to Brunei to complete his education at an English school, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien College. The wedding between Pengiran Anak Saleha and Hassanal Bolkiah took place in the palace on 29 July 1965. He later enrolled as a cadet officer at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS) on 4 January 1966. On 16 August, he praised the launch of two ships by Sharikat Limbongan Kapal Takehara Berhad, highlighting the Japanese company's investment as beneficial for Brunei and stressing the importance of pursuing domestic enterprises over relying on specific income sources.

He and his wife bid farewell to state dignitaries early on 7 September 1966, and departed Brunei Airport for England. He pursued studies in English, mathematics, science, military science and international affairs, with a focus on the country of Russia, throughout his time at the RMAS. He gave particular emphasis to the study of the significance of technical and strategic development. The two most crucial skills for his future, self-discipline and responsibility, were the focus of his training at the RMAS. He graduated and was commissioned as an Honorary Captain in the Coldstream Guards on 1 March 1968.

 Reign

 Proclamation

Accession to the throne of Hassanal Bolkiah in 1967

After 17 years in power, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III voluntarily abdicated on the evening of 4 October 1967, to make way for Crown Prince Hassanal Bolkiah, his 21-year-old eldest son. Following the abdication, Hassanal Bolkiah returned to Brunei before finishing his studies to assume his father's responsibilities as leader of the country's government and populace. At night, Pengiran Pemancha Anak Haji Mohamed Alam, the Chief of Adat Istiadat Negara, made the abdication public on Radio Brunei.

The next day, on 5 October 1967, at 3:00 p.m., Hassanal Bolkiah was proclaimed to his throne in a public ceremony in the Balai Singgahsana of Istana Darul Hana as Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah, the 29th Sultan of Brunei. State dignitaries, including the Wazir, Cheteria, Acting Menteri Besar, and Legislative Council (LegCo) members, were present during the occasion. The historic night that stunned the entire country became known as the Peristewa 4hb. Oktober (4th October Event). In addition to resigning from the throne, Omar Ali Saifuddien III opted to be styled Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan (His Highness the Retired Sultan), while his wife, Pengiran Anak Damit, likewise became Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Suri Seri Begawan.

The Acting Menteri Besar represented government officials at the ceremony by pledging, "loyalty that does not waver even for a single point and is similar to what was once offered to Paduka Ayahanda Baginda (His Majesty's Father)... His Majesty will follow in the footsteps and example of Paduka Ayahanda Baginda in performing his role as Sultan." In Hassanal Bolkiah's first titah (speech) inside the Balai Singgahsana as Sultan of Brunei, he stated:

“I, as Sultan of Negara Brunei Darussalam, would endeavour to carry out the policies of my dear father, and would always safeguard and preserve the peace, tranquility and prosperity of the country.

— Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddien Waddaulah، 5 October 1967

 Coronation

Official coronation portrait of Hassanal Bolkiah

A meeting of the country's nobles and high-ranking officials was held six months prior to the date of Perpuspaan (Coronation) to decide what would be done in the ceremony. An official announcement was sent to all districts of Brunei, and from that point on Bukit Sungai Kebun a red flag was raised, and on Bukit Panggal a yellow flag. On 8 January 1968, at 8:15 pm, the Acting Menteri Besar announced the date of the coronation on Radio Brunei:

So I hereby act as Acting Chief Administrative Officer of the State of Brunei to uphold the agreement that has been approved by His Majesty the Sultan in the Privy Council which convened on the 8 January 1968, declared that the date of the coronation of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah, Sultan of Brunei, will be held on the 1 August 1968, same to 6 Jamadil-Awal 1388, that is on Thursday.

— Yang Amat Berhormat Pengiran Dato Seri Utama Haji Mohd. Yusuf، 8 January 1968

On 1 February 1968, two groups of individuals left for Bukit Panggal and Bukit Sungai Kebun. Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Perdana Haji Muhammad officially hoisted the red ceremonial flag on Bukit Sungai Kebun while the yellow flag on Bukit Panggal was raised by Yang Dimuliakan Pehin Orang Kaya Shahbandar Haji Ahmad. According to Bruneian tradition, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah's coronation begins with the flag raising ceremonies in these two communities of the red and yellow flags. The coverage of the coronation that Radio Brunei and the Information Department provided was hailed as the year's most excellent program. Furthermore, the Coronation Committee contracted a Japanese film firm to make a coloured film that documented the occasion. The film was distributed in 35 mm and 16 mm films for global distribution.

As thousands of residents and tourists flocked to vantage points in Pusat Bandar, access to which had been limited (except from official vehicles) since early in the morning, dignitaries from near and far saw the age-old rite in the newly built Lapau. With the back roof dropped to make himself visible, the Sultan arrived in his brand-new six-door Mercedes-Benz 600 Pullman Landaulet following the customary Muslim washing rite at the palace, which was preceded by a 21-gun salute.

Hassanal Bolkiah being borne by royal chariot on the day of his coronation, 1968

At the fire station, the Sultan and his similarly colourful attendants entered the Usongan Diraja (Royal Chariot). The Sultan was wearing a red and gold ceremonial dress, gleaming with his medals' insignia. Specifically constructed for the coronation, the chariot included a tiger skin throne and a body composed of 26 carved wooden panels embellished with 24-carat gold lead and precious diamonds. About 85 أقدام (26 m) long, it was driven on 1 August 1968, by fifty soldiers from the fifty specially selected black-dressed soldiers of the Royal Brunei Malay Regiment (RBMR).

He had the crown placed on his head and handed him the Keris si-Naga, symbol of supreme royal power in Brunei, by his father, Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien. Following this he removed his ceremonial sabre, swearing loyalty to his son as head of state and religion. His brothers and the senior ranked nobility did the same as well. Like his father before him, the new Sultan took vows to maintain the peace and the prosperity of the nation. He also promised to improve the standard of living of his subjects through various development projects, and to protect and uphold Islam and Brunei's customs and traditions. After the crowning ceremony, the new Sultan proceeded in procession through the capital, passing lines of school children cheering Daulat Tuanku (Long Live the King).

Among the foreign dignitaries who attended the ceremony were the prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew; the Malaysian prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman; and the British High Commissioner to Brunei, Arthur Adair, who represented Queen Elizabeth II. To commemorate the event, the Coronation Medal and stamps were established.

 مطلع العهد

السلطان حسن البلقية مع الرئيس السابق رئيس جمهورية الصين الشعبية، هو جين‌تاو، 21 سبتمبر 2004

السلطان حسن البلقية مع الرئيس الأمريكي باراك اوباما، 18 نوفمبر 2015

حسن بلقيه مع الرئيس الفلبيني رودريجو دوتيرتي والرئيس الإندونيسي جوكو ويدودو ، 6 أكتوبر 2017

Hassanal Bolkiah continued to get advice from his father on all significant decisions because of his youth and lack of expertise in state administration matters. When he gave a speech at his coronation, he clarified this problem. Despite his previous denials that he would not be involved in politics, the directive indicates that Hassanal Bolkiah still retains the ability to influence the politics of Brunei. His father's participation strengthens the case for the royal family's stability because of the "power behind the throne." Under the 1959 Constitution of Brunei, the Sultan is the head of state with full executive authority, including emergency powers since the 1962 Brunei revolt.

The British government's demand for Brunei to become an independent nation with a parliamentary democracy conflicted with Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and his father's preference for maintaining the monarchical political structure. They were concerned about Brunei's security and defence capabilities, feeling the nation was not ready for independence from British protection. During visits by Malcolm MacDonald in January 1968 and George Thomson in April 1968, the Sultan and his father expressed their worries about the consequences of a British military withdrawal from the Far East.

A delegation led by Hassanal Bolkiah traveled to London to discuss Brunei's political future. From 19 September to 26 October 1968, the delegation held negotiations with British officials, focusing on the stationing of Gurkha troops and the provisions of the 1959 Agreement concerning Brunei's security clause and British responsibility for its foreign affairs, both set to expire in November 1970. Despite the fact that the first round of negotiations did not result in a change of heart from the British regarding Brunei, he remained optimistic and pursued more talks.

Between May and December 1969, Hassanal Bolkiah made three journeys to London in an attempt to establish contact with the British government; however, these travels were unsuccessful. The British government persisted in pushing for the removal of all military troops, including those stationed in Brunei. On 14 November 1969, the Sultan traveled to London to resume talks with Malcolm Shepherd and Michael Stewart. Accompanied by Prince Mohamed Bolkiah and other officials. Despite these efforts, the British Labour Party government persisted in its resolve to cede sovereignty of Brunei.

Hassanal Bolkiah at a state ceremony in 1970

Hassanal Bolkiah made another trip to London in April 1970 in an attempt to break the stalemate in the negotiations, but the British government refused to compromise since it thought Brunei could defend itself on its own without British assistance. Given that the defence pact was about to expire in November 1970, he expressed significant concern about this, saying that "even if half the male population were to join the Armed Forces, Brunei would not be able to defend itself.

With the election of the Conservative Party, Hassanal Bolkiah found new hope. The British government agreed to keep a limited presence of British troops in Southeast Asia, which included keeping Gurkha troops stationed in Brunei, and decided not to renounce the 1959 Agreement, which was scheduled to expire on 30 June 1970. This resulted in successful negotiations with Anthony Royle in November 1970. These negotiations led to the signing of the Brunei–British Friendship Agreement on 23 November 1971, which gave Brunei "full internal independence" and restricted the authority of the British High Commissioner to matters concerning foreign affairs.

At the age of 25, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah was named Inspector-General of the Royal Brunei Police Force (RBPF) and General of the RBMR on 17 July 1971. In an earlier statement on 14 July, he stated that this was "in accordance with long established Royal Custom in other countries." The commander of the RBMR, Colonel John Simpson, declared this to be a noteworthy distinction and an effort to fortify the relationship between the army and the royal family.

A budget of B$500 million was allotted for the Third National Development Plan (RKN 3), which was enacted between 1975 and 1979. The following objectives were given priority in the formulation and design of the plan to maintain a high level of employment and diversify the economy through accelerated development of agriculture and industry. With a budget of B$2.2 billion, the RKN 4 (1980–1984) placed a strong emphasis on advancing the economic, social, and cultural well-being of the populace. With a budget of $B3.7 billion, the RKN 5 (1986–1990) aimed to offer the numerous services and infrastructure necessary to raise peoples' standards of living while advancing the nation's economic and social growth.

Per Chapter 55 of the 1959 Constitution, the 1970 elected-LegCo was dissolved on 15 December 1977, with the Sultan's approval. He has consented to restructure and reappoint a number of the council's former members. On 22 December 1977, a new council was formally called back to order. The next day, Hassanal Bolkiah dissolved the council.

Hassanal Bolkiah headed another mission to London in 1978 to negotiate Brunei's status as an independent, sovereign state with the British government. The result was the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Brunei and Great Britain, which took effect on 1 January 1984, and released the British Government from its duties managing Brunei's foreign affairs and defence. This marks Brunei's day of independence from the United Kingdom, following nearly 20 years of being a protectorate. He assumed control of Brunei as an independent country under a democratic monarchy, as their head of government, the Prime Minister. He recited the Declaration of Independence at midnight.

Whereas, the time has now arrived when Brunei Darussalam will resume full international responsibility as a sovereign and independent nation in the community of nations.

— Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah، 1 January 1984

On the day of the country's independence, Hassanal Bolkiah holds the portfolios of Minister of Home Affairs and Minister of Finance. At the same time, he declared Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) as the national philosophy. It serves as a pillar of life for the citizens of the nation, regardless of religion, culture, or social background; the royal family, Malay cultural values, and Islamic religious teachings have all contributed to the nation's historical heritage that is still upheld today. They have also served as a fortress to protect Brunei from outside influences.

Hassanal Bolkiah in the cockpit with King Hussein of Jordan, 1984

Hassanal Bolkiah reestablished the LegCo on 27 December 1983, and it was dissolved on 13 February 1984. He gave a contribution of B$210,000 to the United Nations International School (UNIS). Pengiran Bahrin, his special envoy, presented the gift to Refauddin Ahmad, chairman of the board of UNIS, on the occasion of the United Nations' 40th anniversary and the first anniversary of Brunei's membership.

With a budget of B$5.5 billion, the RKN 6 (1991–1995) intended to address the demands of the country, particularly in enhancing the standard of living and quality of life of its citizens as well as further bolstering the national economy. The RKN 7 (1996–2000) of a 20-year long-term development plan that began in 1985 and has a total budget of B$7.2 billion is the seventh national development plan. The plan aimed to raise the nation's economic achievement while continuing to significantly improve the quality of life for the populace. He appointed himself as the Minister of Finance on 23 February 1997. He had previously held the post from 1984 to 1986 before it was taken over by his brother Prince Jefri Bolkiah.

 Silver Jubilee

Hassanal Bolkiah attending the 1993 APEC Summit on Blake Island, Seattle

The Silver Jubilee of 1992 commemorated 25 years since Hassanal Bolkiah's accession to the throne. An estimated $200 million was spent by Brunei to commemorate the event, which included building a 6,000-seat mosque with a gold dome, 21 guest homes for visiting dignitaries, an exhibition center, and 200 Mercedes-Benz automobiles for visitors. To commemorate the milestone, the Churchill Memorial Building became the Royal Brunei Regalia Building in 1992. Established to commemorate the event, the Silver Jubilee Medal (Pingat Jubli Perak) was given out in three classes: gold, silver, and bronze.

The culmination of all the activities was a glamorous banquet held at the Istana Nurul Iman, where the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Azlan Shah and Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun of Malaysia, Prince Edward, and the Sultans and Consorts of the Malaysian states were among the royal attendees. The sultan made an appearance before his people during a ceremony at the Istana Nurul Iman, accompanied by his two wives and ten children, all of whom were dressed in yellow attire and dazzling in jewels. "My late father's policies, particularly in safeguarding peace, increasing the standard of living of the people and the prosperity of the country, as well as upholding... Islam," the 46-year-old sultan pledged in a brief address. After that, the sultan traveled to the capital in a Rolls-Royce Silver Spur limousine and rode a massive chariot made of wood and gold that had servants dressed in black costume.

The people of Kuala Belait gifted The Silver Jubilee Park as a memorial to the occasion. The recreational park known as Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Silver Jubilee Park is a popular tourist destination and landmark in the neighbourhood. He ordered the creation of a foundation called as the Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Foundation in connection with the Silver Jubilee Celebration of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah assuming the throne on 5 October 1992.

 The new millennium

Hassanal Bolkiah visiting Fort Campbell on 17 December 2002

In 2004, the LegCo, which had been dissolved since 1962, was reopened. The proposed amendment to the 1959 constitution was the first item on the agenda when the Sultan convened again on 25 September 2004, following a 21-year break. A proposal to amend the constitution to expand the LegCo to 45 seats, 15 of which would have been elected, was passed by the council. On 1 September 2005, the Sultan dissolved the council; the next day, the council was recreated using the revised Brunei Constitution.

In September 2005, the Sultan nominated five members to the new LegCo, who were indirectly elected to represent village councils. Plans for a 45-member legislature with 15 seats up for public election were on the table in 2006 and 2007, but by year's end, elections had still not been set. The Internal Security Act (ISA) essentially preserves the sultan's personal authority, while all state power is still held by the sultan's family and designated heirs. On 9 March 2006, the Sultan was reported to have amended Brunei's constitution to make himself infallible under Bruneian law.

On 4 March 2008, the LegCo convened its inaugural meeting of the fourth session in the new facility located in Jalan Kebangsaan. Soon after receiving the Royal Salute and seeing the guard of honour manned by the RBPF officers, the Sultan presided over the grand inauguration by signing a plaque.

At the Hassanal Bolkiah National Stadium on 23 February 2009, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah was present at Brunei's Silver Jubilee National Day celebration, accompanied by members of his royal family and official leaders. Following the guard of honour inspection and the march past, the Sultan was present when up to 25 young people representing various government agencies, the private sector, higher education institutions, and associations read the National Day oath. The faultless field performances, which were broken up into six parts, were created to represent the topic of the celebration was Kedewasaan Bernegara (Maturity of the Nation). To commemorate the event, he established the Silver Jubilee National Day Medal.

The RKN theme of "Knowledge and Innovation, Increase Productivity, Accelerated Economic Growth" centered the RKN 10 (2012–2017) on developmental initiatives to achieve faster and higher economic growth.

ASEAN Secretary-General Surin Pitsuwan and Hassanal Bolkiah in 2009

In 2014, Hassanal Bolkiah declared the implementation of strict Islamic criminal penalties, moving forward with proposals that prompted both rare domestic opposition to the opulently wealthy ruler and also worldwide outrage. The small sultanate's plans for the sharia penalties, which would eventually include flogging, amputation of limbs, and death by stoning, sparked outrage on social networking sites. Following the unexplained delay of the penalties' anticipated implementation on 22 April 2014, which prompted speculation that he was hesitant, uncertainty surrounded their execution. However, he stated in his proclamation that the action was "a must" in light of Islam, dismissing the "never-ending theories" that the sharia's penalties were harsh in remarks that were obviously directed at critics.

Hassanal Bolkiah also banned public celebrations of Christmas in 2015, including wearing hats or clothes that resemble Santa Claus. The ban only affects local Muslims. Christians are still allowed to celebrate Christmas. According to the late Bruneian Bishop and Cardinal Cornelius Sim, on 25 December 2015, there was an estimated 4,000 out of 18,000 Bruneian Catholics, mainly Chinese and expats living in the country, who attended mass on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. While there was no absolute ban on celebrations, there was a ban affecting Christmas decorations in public places, especially shopping malls.

Following the 2015 Bruneian cabinet reshuffle on 22 October, Hassanal Bolkiah appointed himself as the country's Minister of Foreign Affairs, thus replacing his younger brother Prince Mohamed Bolkiah. The RKN11 (2018–2023), whose theme was "Increased Non-Oil and Gas Sector Output as Catalysts for Economic Growth," further integrated development efforts in the production of the non-oil and gas sector.

 Golden Jubilee

Hassanal Bolkiah and Pengiran Anak Saleha being transported in the royal chariot on 5 October 2017

The 50th anniversary of his royal ascension was celebrated on 5 October 2017, he declared during his speech that it was the "most historic day" for both Bruneians and himself. In addition, the Sultan stated that he and his people needed to exercise "reciprocal responsibility". According to press releases from their respective countries, Prime Ministers Lee Hsien Loong of Singapore, Hun Sen of Cambodia, Najib Razak of Malaysia, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi of Myanmar, President Rodrigo Duterte of the Philippines and Joko Widodo of Indonesia were scheduled to attend the festivities. Among the many royal guests in attendance were Prince Edward and his wife, Sophie.

Ahead of the Golden Jubilee parade, 80,000 people gathered in the heart of the capital under the shadow of low-lying clouds outside the Istana Nurul Iman. The Grand Chamberlain led the royal parade, and the marching bands of the RBPF and the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF) followed. The Sultan got onto his royal chariot in front of the Bandar Seri Begawan Fire Station. As he entered the streets, tens of thousands of well-wishers cheered, Daulat Kebawah Duli Tuan Patik! Daulat (Long live the king), while waving the national flag.

The sultan's palace hosted festivities earlier, with the Sultan and the Queen consort sitting on golden thrones for a royal audience and an honor guard firing a 21-gun salute. The royal chariot pulled by fifty specially chosen workers across a 5 كيلومتر (3.1 mi) course. Crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah, Princes Abdul Azim, Abdul Malik, Abdul Mateen and Abdul Wakeel, and Princess Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah joined their majesties on the chariot. A custom typically saved for royal occasions, visitors and locals alike were shown drumming and the lavish display of gold and silver weapons, including the Kampilan (dagger) and Kalasak (shield).

The Sultan's Golden Jubilee would be celebrated with a number of events in October, including the opening of the Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha Bridge on 14 October and inauguration of the Eco-Corridor Park on 22 October. Furthermore, the sultan's Golden Jubilee Medal was created with three distinct classes. The Royal Regalia Museum has been the new name of the Royal Regalia Building since 2 December 2017, in honour of his golden jubilee celebration.

 Pandemic and beyond

قالب:Promotional section During the May 2020 rise in COVID-19 cases, Brunei's most valuable asset was its quick response time. Lockdown procedures were promptly instituted, and return citizens were detained in quarantine centers. As social constraints weaken domestically, Hassanal Bolkiah has urged ongoing caution. He showed his leadership when, in a matter of days, he forbade foreigners from entering Brunei and prevented its nationals from leaving. Furthermore, as an Islamic authority, the sultan's leadership was especially significant.

Hassanal Bolkiah (middle) at the 2021 G20 Rome summit

Hassanal Bolkiah led the country morally and steadfastly as its political and religious head. He also reminded Bruneians that for Muslims, the virus itself was sent by God, highlighting the obligation of Muslims to observe social distancing standards, take sanitary care, redouble their prayers, and meditate on the Quran. It took these kinds of attitudes to guarantee adherence to public health recommendations. On 1 April 2021, he was given an injection of the COVID-19 vaccination at the royal residence Istana Nurul Iman in Bandar Seri Begawan. The sultan has given his approval for the public to receive the COVID-19 vaccination program gradually following the first dosage injection. Participants indirectly honoured the Sultan, known as the "caring monarch," for his providing for his "rakyat" (people) throughout the developing pandemic by sharing their opinions on how effective the government was.

On 19 September 2022, the Sultan and Prince Abdul Mateen attended Queen Elizabeth II's state funeral at Westminster Abbey in London. As a gesture of respect for the late Queen, he had approved that the national flag be flown at half-mast at government buildings and the offices of Brunei's diplomatic missions abroad.

Hassanal Bolkiah encouraged stopping the bloodshed, showing moderation, and respecting international humanitarian law to prevent regional spread, and urged the international community and UN Security Council to support comprehensive peace efforts in the Middle East, including resolving Palestinian hardships, during his speech at the ASEAN-GCC Summit in October 2023. The Sultan stated in a statement to the UN on International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People that the purpose of the yearly event is to remind us that the Palestine question is still unsolved. The National Committee for the Humanitarian Fund for Palestinians in Gaza 2023 and the Humanitarian Fund for Palestinians in Gaza 2023 have been formally constituted with the approval of the Sultan.

During a speech on 22 February 2024, Brunei's 40th National Day, Hassanal Bolkiah referred to the nation's independence as a gift from God. He underlined that unity and patriotism are essential for upholding the value of religion, sovereignty, and national identity. He also underlined that genuine independence involves freedom and harmony, attained through the sacrifices of previous and present generations. The Sultan further attributed Brunei's strong performance in international indices to the RKN's success in developing the country's workforce and putting creative solutions into practice.

 Foreign policy

Hassanal Bolkiah at the 3rd ASEAN Summit on 14–15 December 1987

Hassanal Bolkiah likewise places great emphasis on fostering and fortifying ties with the outside world. He has taken numerous trips around Europe, the Middle East, Southeast and East Asia, and the United States. Bolkiah addressed the United Nations General Assembly on Brunei Darussalam's admission to the United Nations in September 1984. Following this, Brunei made several diplomatic milestones such as being a part of both ASEAN and United Nations (UN) in 1984. That same year, he formally established diplomatic ties with a number of nations, including Singapore. Like his father, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, of which Brunei was a protectorate until 1984. He was chairman of Summit APEC Leaders in 2000 when Brunei Darussalam hosted the summit.

Following the two countries' signing of the Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) in Washington, D.C. on 16 December 2002, trade and investment relations between Brunei and the United States are expected to expand. On 27 December 2004, Brunei signed the Multilateral Agreement on the Liberalization of Passenger Air Services. A open skies agreement that grants unrestricted rights for third and fourth freedom traffic allows airlines operated by Brunei to operate into signatory states and transport passengers from non-signatory countries. Singapore and Thailand are among the other parties to this agreement.

Following the signing of the bilateral liberalized air services agreement by the two governments on 19 April 2005, Brunei's open skies policy currently extends to its air connectivity with the United Arab Emirates. The signing of the "Agreement between Japan and Brunei Darussalam for an Economic Partnership" on 18 June 2007, made it possible for Brunei and Japan to collaborate in the areas of energy, human resource development, and capability upgrading. On 25 July 2008, Kuwait and Brunei signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in the fields of economics and technology. On 11 August 2008, Brunei and Kenya established formal diplomatic ties.

Hassanal Bolkiah was also the chairman of ASEAN Summit in 2013 and 2021, when Brunei Darussalam became the Chair of ASEAN Summits and its Related Meetings.

Hassanal Bolkiah with President Barack Obama in 2015

Hassanal Bolkiah said in front of world leaders on 30 September 2015 that the UN has no equivalent and that its 70-year existence is proof of its significance, despite what some may say about its efficacy. In order to eradicate poverty, combat inequality, and combat climate change over the following 15 years, all 193 UN Member States endorsed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to which he was alluding. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states in his area, he said, share the values of territorial integrity, non-interference, the rule of law, and good governance, which serve as a framework for attempts to increase cooperation for peace. He said that one method to do this is through cultural exchanges to promote more empathy and understanding among people, which may also help avert future conflicts.

Singapore and Brunei commemorated their 40 years of bilateral defence relations in August 2016. He paid his fourth state visit to Singapore on 5–6 July 2017, as the two nations commemorated the 50th anniversary of the Currency Interchangeability Agreement (CIA). Commemorative $50 notes were introduced by him and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. Additionally, former President Tony Tan Keng Yam treated him to a state banquet.

Hassanal Bolkiah and Chinese President Xi Jinping met in Bangkok on 18 November 2022. He visited the Kingdom of Bahrain on 9–11 June 2023, at the request of its king Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. On the occasion of the 35th anniversary of their diplomatic ties, this visit highlights the close bilateral connections that exist between Bahrain and Brunei and seeks to further collaboration in the areas of finance, investment, and military.

 جدل

 الجدل حول جمع السيارات

السلطان يمتلك أكبر مجموعات السيارات الخاصة في العالم حوالي 2500 سيارة اشتراها شقيقه جفري بلقية لنفسه و السلطان وأعضاء آخرين من العائلة المالكة للترفيه. تكلفة مجموعة السيارات باهظة جدا نتيجة لانغماس الأمير جفري المليارات من الدولارات الأمريكية ، وأوقعته في نهاية المطاف في ورطة والعائلة المالكة في أزمة مالية. تركت مجموعة السيارات مهجورة ، وفتم بيع الزيادة منها بالمزاد العلني.

 حياته الشخصية

صالحة، الملكة في بروناي

تزوج السلطان من ابنة عمه وزوجته الأولى ، Pengiran Anak Saleha ، أو الملكة صالحة ، التي أصبحت فيما بعد "Raja Isteri" أو الملكة. كانت زوجته الثانية مريم عبد العزيز) ("Pengiran Isteri" السابقة) ، مضيفة طيران سابقة لشركة النقل الوطنية ، طيران بروناي الملكي. طلقها في عام 2003 ، جردها من جميع ألقابها الملكية. في أغسطس 2005 ،ثم تزوج من ماليزيا n [TV3 (ماليزيا) | TV3]] ، أزريناز مظهر حكيم ، وهي أصغر من السلطان بـ33 عامًا. طلقها في عام 2010 ، وكما هو الحال مع مريم عبد العزيز ، جردها السلطان من جميع الألقاب والأوسمة والمخصصات الشهرية. أعلن الطلاق في راديو تلفزيون بروناي من قبل الغرفة الكبرى.

الأمير المهتدي بالله الحالي هو "Pengiran Muda Mahkota" ("[ولي العهد]") وسلطان وريث ، باعتباره الابن الأكبر للسلطان و صالحة. اعتبارًا من عام 2012 ، كان لحسن البلقية خمسة أبناء وسبع بنات مع زوجاته الثلاث.

 الألقاب والأنماط والأوسمة

Styles of The Sultan of Brunei
أسلوب الإشارة	His Majesty
أسلوب المخاطبة	Your Majesty
أسلوب بديل	Kebawah Duli Tuan Patik

 الجوائز الفخرية

الشعار الشخصي لسلطان بروناي

تم منحه:

بروناي

• Royal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei - Darjah Kerabat Mahkota Brunei - D.K.M.B. **
• Royal Family Order of Laila Utama of Brunei 1st Class - Darjah Kerabat Laila Utama Yang Amat Dihormati - D.K. (Laila Utama)
• Royal Family Order of Seri Utama of Brunei 2nd Class - Darjah Kerabat Seri Utama Yang Amat Dihormati - D.K. (Seri Utama)
• Order of the Islam Religion of the State of Brunei 1st Cl - Darjah Seri Ugama Islam Negara Brunei Yang Amat Bersinar Darjah Pertama - P.S.S.U.B. *
• Order of Splendid Valour 1st Cl - Darjah Paduka Laila Jasa Keberanian Gemilang Yang Amat Cemerlang Darjah Pertama - D.P.K.G. *
• Order of Famous Valour 1st Cl - Darjah Paduka Keberanian Laila Terbilang Yang Amat Gemilang Darjah Pertama - D.P.K.T. *
• Order of the Hero of the State of Brunei 1st Cl - Darjah Pahlawan Negara Brunei Yang Amat Perkasa Darjah Pertama - P.S.P.N.B.
• Order of Loyalty to the State of Brunei 1st Cl - Darjah Setia Negara Brunei Yang Amat Bahagia Darjah Pertama - P.S.N.B.
• Order of Merit of Brunei 1st Cl - Darjah Paduka Seri Laila Jasa Yang Amat Berjasa Darjah Pertama - P.S.L.J.
• Order of the Crown of Brunei 1st Cl - Darjah Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei Yang Amat Mulia Darjah Pertama - S.P.M.B.
• Order of Gallantry of the State of Brunei 1st Cl - Darjah Perwira Agong Negara Brunei Yang Amat Setia Darjah Pertama - P.A.N.B.

N.B. * decoration founded by the sultan on 1 August 1968 ; ** = decoration founded by the sultan on 15 August 1982

ماليزيا

ماليزيا:

• Honorary Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN, 9 July 1980)
• Gallant Commander of the Order of Warriors of the Military Forces (PGAT, 29 October 1986)

جوهر دار التعظيم:

• First Class of the Royal Family Order of Johor (DK I, 1980)

كلنتن دار النعيم:

• Recipient of the Royal Family Order or Star of Yunus (DK, 3 August 1968)

قدح دار الأمان :

• Member of the Royal Family Order of Kedah (DK, 1 April 2002)

نگري سمبيلن دار الخصوص:

• Member of the Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan (DKNS, 16 April 1981)

پهنگ دار المعمور:

• Member 1st class of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (DK I, 19 May 1984)

پيرق دار الرضوان:

• Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Perak (DK, 7 August 1988)—currently:

پرليس:

• Recipient of the Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DK, 12 March 1988)

سلانغور دار الإحسان:

• First Class of the Royal Family Order of Selangor (DK I, 23 November 1987)

ترنجانو دار الإيمان:

• Member of the Supreme Royal Family Order of Terengganu (DKT, 4 October 1992)

سرواك: DUBS of Sarawak (9 March 1989)

جوائز أجنبية

• پاكستان: Nishan-e-Pakistan (18 September 1992)
• البحرين: Order of Khalifa (24 April 1988)
• مصر: Collar of the Order of the Nile (17 December 1984)
• فرنسا: Grand Cross of the National Order of the Legion of Honour (12 February 1996)
• ألمانيا: Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (30 March 1998)
• إندونيسيا: Adipurna (or First Class) of the Star of the Republic of Indonesia (22 October 1984)
• اليابان: Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (3 April 1984)
• الأردن: Order of al-Hussein bin Ali (19 December 1984)
• الكويت: Collar of the Order of Mubarak the Great (20 May 2015)
• لاوس: Medal of Phoxay Lane Xang (28 November 2004)
• المغرب: Collar of the Order of Muhammad (16 September 1988)
• هولندا: Order of the Netherlands Lion (21 January 2013)
• عُمان: The Civil Order of Oman, First Class (15 December 1984)
• الفلپين:
  • Raja of the Order of Sikatuna (29 August 1988)
  • Punong Komandante (Chief Commander) of the Philippine Legion of Honor (5 March 1998)
• السعودية: Collar of the Order of Badr Chain (3 January 1999)
• سنغافورة:
  • First class of the Order of Temasek (12 February 1990)
  • Military Dintinguished Service Order (DSO, 12 February 1990)
• كوريا الجنوبية: Grand Order of Mugunghwa (6 April 1984)
• السويد: Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim (1 February 2004)
• تايلند: Order of Rajamitrabhorn (1 November 1988)
• أوكرانيا: Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 1st class (8 March 2004) & Cross of Honour (28 January 2007)
• المملكة المتحدة:
  • Honorary Knight Grand Cross of The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (GCB, 4 November 1992)
  • Honorary Knight Grand Cross of The Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG, 29 February 1972)
  • Honorary Companion of The Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George (CMG, 7 August 1968)
  • Honorary Air Chief Marshal in the Royal Air Force
  • Honorary Admiral in the Royal Navy

 شجرة العائلة

سلف حسن البلقية

16. Omar Ali Saifuddien II 8. Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin 17. Zaida binti Pengarah Digadong Tuan Laman Awang Sulaiman 4. Muhammad Jamalul Alam II 18. Pengiran Anak Saiful Rijal (= 10) 9. Pengiran Siti Fatima 19. Pian Jamaliah (= 11) 2. Omar Ali Saifuddien III 20. Pengiran Anak Muhammad Yusuf 10. Pengiran Anak Saiful Rijal 21. Pengiran Anak Sarbanum 5. Pengiran Anak Fatima 11. Pian Jamaliah 1. Hassanal Bolkiah 24. Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin (= 8) 12. Pengiran Muda Besar Omar 25. Pengiran Anak Chandra Kesuma 6. Pengiran Anak Abdul Rahman 26. Pengiran Muda Besar Muhammad Jamalul Alam 13. Pengiran Anak Siti Khadija 27. Pengiran Anak Saleha 3. Pengiran Anak Damit 28. Radin Haji Muhammad Daud 14. Radin Haji Hassan 29. Hajah Saleha 7. Pengiran Fatima 30. Radin Haji Abdul Rahman 15. Hajah Zainab 31. Dayang Siti Amina Mekah

 انظر أيضاً

• قائمة سلاطين بروناي
• قائمة موضوعات بروناي
• قائمة وزراء الخارجية الحاليين

 وصلات خارجية

• Government of Brunei
• Leppard, David. "Sultan caught in property feud", Times Online, 30 July 2006
• Kennedy, Dominic. "The prince, the lawyer and his wife lose out in court", The Times, 26 January 2007. article regarding Thomas Derbyshire and Faith Zaman losing appeal against freezing of assets in multimillion-dollar fraud case
• Forbes World's Richest People 1997, Forbes.com
• Brunei's Battle Royal, Business Week
• Usborne, David. "Brotherly love runs out", 11 February 2006, about the sultan's legal fight with his brother; linked 17 February 2006

Hassanal Bolkiah House of Bolkiah وُلِد: 15 July 1946
Bruneian royalty
سبقه Ahmad Tajuddin	ولي عهد بروناي 1965–1967	تبعه Al-Muhtadee Billah
ألقاب ملكية
سبقه Omar Ali Saifuddien III	سلطان بروناي 1967–الحاضر	الحالي Heir apparent: Al-Muhtadee Billah
مناصب دبلوماسية
سبقه Jenny Shipley	رئيس APEC 2000	تبعه Jiang Zemin
سبقه Trần Đức Lương	رئيس آسيان 2001	تبعه Hun Sen
سبقه Hun Sen	رئيس آسيان 2013	تبعه Thein Sein
أرقام قياسية
سبقه بيل گيتس	أغنى شخص في العالم 1997	تبعه بيل گيتس