فاليهو، كاليفورنيا

Coordinates: 38°6′47″N 122°14′9″W / 38.11306°N 122.23583°W / 38.11306; -122.23583
Vallejo, California
Vallejo skyline viewed from the Napa River
Vallejo Naval Museum
Vallejo Masonic Temple
علم Vallejo, California
الكنية: 
V-Town, The Old Capital, Valley Joe
الشعار: 
City of Opportunity, The Naval City
Location in Solano County and the state of California
Location in Solano County and the state of California
Vallejo, California is located in كاليفورنيا
Vallejo, California
Vallejo, California
Location in California
Vallejo, California is located in الولايات المتحدة
Vallejo, California
Vallejo, California
Location in the United States
الإحداثيات: 38°6′47″N 122°14′9″W / 38.11306°N 122.23583°W / 38.11306; -122.23583
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
RegionSan Francisco Bay Area
CountySolano
Founded1851
IncorporatedMarch 30, 1868[1]
السمِيْMariano Guadalupe Vallejo
الحكومة
 • النوعMayor-council
 • MayorMayor Andrea Sorce
Vice-Mayor Peter Bregenzer (District 5)
Alexander Matias (District 1)
Diosdado "JR" Matulac (District 2)
Dr. Tonia Lediju (District 3)
Charles Palmares (District 4)
Helen-Marie "Kookie" Gordon (District 6)[2]
 • City managerAndrew Murray[3]
 • State senatorLois Wolk (د)[4]
 • AssemblymemberJim Frazier (د)
 • U. S. rep.Paul Cook (ج)
المساحة
 • الإجمالي48٫78 ميل² (126٫34 كم²)
 • البر30٫50 ميل² (79٫01 كم²)
 • الماء18٫27 ميل² (47٫33 كم²)  38.0%
المنسوب69 ft (21 m)
التعداد
 (2020)
 • الإجمالي126٬090
 • الترتيب1st in Solano County
50th in California
 • الكثافة2٬600/sq mi (1٬000/km2)
منطقة التوقيتUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
94589–94592
Area code707
FIPS code06-81666
GNIS feature IDs1661612, 2412142
الموقع الإلكترونيOfficial website Edit this at Wikidata

ڤاليهو (Vallejo ؛ []vəˈl(h)[] və-LAY-(h)oh; الإسبانية: [baˈʎexo]) هي مدينة في مقاطعة سولانو، كاليفورنيا وثاني أكبر مدينة في North Bay region of the Bay Area. Located on the shores of San Pablo Bay, the city had a population of 126,090 at the 2020 United States census.[7] Vallejo is home to the California Maritime Academy, Touro University California and Six Flags Discovery Kingdom.

Vallejo is named after Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, the famed Californio general and statesman. The city was founded in 1851 on Gen. Vallejo's Rancho Suscol to serve as the capital city of California, which it was 1852–1853, after which the Californian government moved to neighboring Benicia, named in honor of Gen. Vallejo's wife Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo.[8] The Mare Island Naval Shipyard was founded in 1854, and defined Vallejo's economy until the turn of the 21st century.

التاريخ

Vallejo is named after Don Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, the famed Californio general and statesman. The city was founded on his Rancho Suscol.

Vallejo was once home of the Coast Miwok as well as Suisunes and other Patwin Native American tribes. There are three confirmed Native American sites located in the rock outcrops in the hills above Blue Rock Springs Park. The California Archaeological Inventory has indicated that the three Indian sites are located on Sulphur Springs Mountain.[9]

العصر المكسيكي

The city of Vallejo was once part of the 84،000-acre (340 km2) Rancho Suscol Mexican land grant of 1843 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Gen. Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo. The city was named after this Mexican military officer and title holder who was appointed in settling and overseeing the North Bay region. Gen. Vallejo was responsible for military peace in the region and founded the pueblo of Sonoma in 1836.

In 1846, independence-minded Anglo immigrants rose up against the Mexican government of California in what would be known as the Bear Flag Revolt which resulted in Gen. Vallejo's imprisonment in Sutter's Fort. This was subsequently followed by the annexation of the California Republic to the United States. Gen. Vallejo, though a Mexican army officer, generally acquiesced in the annexation of California to the United States, recognizing the greater resources of the United States and benefits that would bring to California.

عصر ما بعد الفتح

Vallejo circa 1852–53, when it served as the capital city of California and seat of the Californian government.
Founded in 1854, Mare Island was the first naval base on the West Coast.

In 1851, Vallejo was declared to become the official California State Capitol, with the new government prepared to meet for the first time the following year. In 1852, the legislature convened for the first time. However, Vallejo did not follow through with constructing a Capitol State Building for them to meet in. In 1853, it was again the meeting place for the legislature, solely for the purpose of moving the capitol officially to Benicia, which occurred on February 4, 1853, after only a month. Benicia is named after Vallejo's wife, Benicia de Vallejo. After the legislature left, the government established a naval shipyard on Mare Island, which helped the city overcome the loss. Due to the presence of the shipyard, Filipinos began to immigrate to Vallejo beginning in the first decades of the 20th century.[10] The yard functioned for over a hundred years, finally closing in 1996.[11]

The U.S. government appointed the influential Vallejo as Indian agent for Northern California. He also served on the state constitutional convention in 1849. Afterward, Vallejo remained active in state politics, but challenges to his land titles around Sonoma eventually left him impoverished and reduced his ranch from 250,000 acres to a mere 300. He eventually retired from public life, questioning the wisdom of his having welcomed the American acquisition of California in the first place. Vallejo died in 1890, a symbol of the eclipse of Californio wealth, power, and prestige.[12]

View of Vallejo in 1905.

Although the town is named after Gen. Vallejo, the man regarded as the true founder of Vallejo is John B. Frisbie. After his daughter Epifania married Frisbie, Gen. Vallejo granted him power of attorney for the land grant. It was Frisbie who hired E. H. Rowe, the man who designed the city layout and who named the east–west streets after states and the north–south streets after California counties.[13]

العصر الحديث

Mare Island Hospital in the 1920s.

Mare Island Naval Shipyard was a critical submarine facility during WW II, both for constructing and overhauling vessels.

Downtown Vallejo retains many of its historic Victorian and Craftsman homes.

On May 6, 2008, the city council voted 7–0 to file for Chapter 9 bankruptcy, at the time becoming the largest California city to do so.[14][15] Stephanie Gomes, Vallejo City Councilwoman, largely blamed exorbitant salaries and benefits for Vallejo firefighters and police officers. Reportedly, salaries and benefits for public safety workers accounted for at least 80 percent of Vallejo's general-fund budget. On November 1, 2011, a federal judge released Vallejo from bankruptcy after nearly three years.[16]

Geography

Aerial view of Vallejo, showing San Pablo Bay to the center left and the Napa River dividing mainland Vallejo from Mare Island in the bottom left.

According to United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 49.5 ميل مربع (128 km2). Land area is 30.7 ميل مربع (80 km2), and 18.9 ميل مربع (49 km2) (38.09%) is water. The Napa River flows until it changes into the Mare Island Strait in Vallejo which then flows into San Pablo Bay, in the northeastern part of San Francisco Bay.

Vallejo is located on the southwestern edge of Solano County, California in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California. Vallejo borders the city of Benicia to the east, American Canyon and the Napa county line to the north, the Carquinez Strait to the south and the San Pablo Bay to the west.

Several faults have been mapped in the vicinity of Vallejo. The San Andreas Fault and Hayward Faults are the most active faults, although the San Andreas is at some distance. Locally, the Sulphur Springs Valley Thrust Fault and Southampton Fault are found. No quaternary seismic activity along these minor faults has been observed with the possible exception of a slight offset revealed by trenching. The Sulphur Mountain and Green Valley faults have been associated with the Concord Fault to the south. The Concord Fault is considered active.

The Carquinez Bridge spans the Carquinez Strait, connecting Vallejo (left) to Contra Costa (right).

Historically there have been local cinnabar mines in the Vallejo area.[17] The Hastings Mine and St. John's Mine contribute ongoing water contamination for mercury; furthermore, mine shaft development has depleted much of this area's spring water. Both Rindler Creek and Blue Rock Springs Creek have been affected.

Climate

Vallejo has a mild, coastal Mediterranean climate and can be an average of 10 °F (−12 °C) cooler than nearby inland cities. Vallejo is influenced by its position on the northeastern shore of San Pablo Bay, but is less sheltered from heatwaves than areas directly on or nearer the Pacific Ocean/Golden Gate such as San Francisco and Oakland. Although slightly less marine, average temperatures range between 8 °C (46 °F) in January and 19.8 °C (67.6 °F) in July.[18] However, summer is very long with June–September being almost equal in historical average temperatures. This seasonal lag sees October averages being higher than in May[18] in spite of it being after the Equinox (meaning less daylight than darkness).

بيانات المناخ لـ Vallejo
الشهر ينا فب مار أبر ماي يون يول أغس سبت أكت نوف ديس السنة
القصوى القياسية °ف (°س) 84.9
(29.4)
86.0
(30.0)
91.9
(33.3)
95.0
(35.0)
104.0
(40.0)
114.8
(46.0)
111.9
(44.4)
109.9
(43.3)
109.9
(43.3)
106.0
(41.1)
90.0
(32.2)
81.0
(27.2)
114.8
(46.0)
متوسط القصوى اليومية °ف (°س) 57.0
(13.9)
61.5
(16.4)
65.1
(18.4)
69.6
(20.9)
74.5
(23.6)
79.0
(26.1)
79.9
(26.6)
81.9
(27.7)
82.0
(27.8)
76.5
(24.7)
65.8
(18.8)
57.6
(14.2)
70.9
(21.6)
المتوسط اليومي °ف (°س) 47.7
(8.7)
51.1
(10.6)
53.4
(11.9)
56.7
(13.7)
61.2
(16.2)
65.7
(18.7)
67.6
(19.8)
67.5
(19.7)
66.7
(19.3)
62.1
(16.7)
54.3
(12.4)
48.2
(9.0)
58.5
(14.7)
متوسط الدنيا اليومية °ف (°س) 38.3
(3.5)
40.8
(4.9)
42.1
(5.6)
43.7
(6.5)
47.7
(8.7)
51.3
(10.7)
53.4
(11.9)
53.1
(11.7)
51.4
(10.8)
47.8
(8.8)
42.6
(5.9)
38.8
(3.8)
45.9
(7.7)
الصغرى القياسية °ف (°س) 19.0
(−7.2)
23.0
(−5.0)
23.0
(−5.0)
27.0
(−2.8)
30.0
(−1.1)
34.0
(1.1)
37.9
(3.3)
32.0
(0.0)
36.0
(2.2)
28.0
(−2.2)
26.6
(−3.0)
14.0
(−10.0)
14.0
(−10.0)
متوسط تساقط الأمطار inches (mm) 5.2
(131)
4.4
(112)
3.3
(84)
1.7
(42)
0.7
(18)
0.2
(5)
0
(0)
0.1
(2)
0.3
(8)
1.4
(35)
3.0
(76)
4.6
(116)
24.7
(627)
Average precipitation days 11 10 9 6 3 1 0 0 1 4 8 10 63
Source: [18]

Demographics

التعداد التاريخي
التعدادPop.ملاحظة
18702٬188
18805٬987173٫6%
18906٬3435٫9%
19007٬96525٫6%
191011٬34042٫4%
192021٬10786٫1%
193016٬072−23٫9%
194020٬07224٫9%
195026٬03829٫7%
196060٬877133٫8%
197071٬71017٫8%
198080٬30312�0%
1990109٬19936�0%
2000116٬7606٫9%
2010115٬942−0٫7%
2020126٬0908٫8%
U.S. Decennial Census[19]
2010[20] 2020[21]

Vallejo was named the most diverse city in the United States in a 2012 study by Brown University based on 2010 census data,[22][23] and the most diverse city in California by a Niche study based on 2017 American Community Survey data.[24] In 2022, Vallejo was again named the most diverse small town in America, with a 77% chance any two residents would be of a different census racial category.[25] Hispanics comprise 28% of the local population, 23% are White, 23% are Asian, 19% are Black, and 7% are of mixed or other heritages.

2020 census

Vallejo city, California – Racial and Ethnic Composition
Race / ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[26] Pop 2010[20] Pop 2020[21] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 35,533 28,946 26,440 30.43% 24.97% 20.97%
Black or African American alone (NH) 27,201 24,876 24,446 23.30% 21.46% 19.39%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 547 453 431 0.47% 0.39% 0.34%
Asian alone (NH) 27,829 28,386 29,152 23.83% 24.48% 23.12%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 1,188 1,159 1,255 1.02% 1.00% 1.00%
Some other race alone (NH) 312 304 1,037 0.27% 0.26% 0.82%
Mixed race or multi-racial (NH) 5,559 5,653 7,494 4.76% 4.88% 5.94%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 18,591 26,165 35,835 15.92% 22.57% 28.42%
Total 116,760 115,942 126,090 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
الكلمات الدالة: