مقاطعة إنيو، كاليفورنيا

County of Inyo
County
Wildflowers blooming in Death Valley after an unusually wet winter
Wildflowers blooming in Death Valley after an unusually wet winter
الختم الرسمي لـ County of Inyo
الشعار
Location in the state of California
Location in the state of California
California's location in the الولايات المتحدة
California's location in the الولايات المتحدة
Country الولايات المتحدة
State كاليفورنيا
RegionEastern California
Founded1866
السمِيْ"dwelling place of the great spirit" in Mono language
County seatIndependence
Largest cityBishop
الحكومة
 • Board of Supervisors
 • 34th State Assembly DistrictConnie Conway (R)
 • 18th State Senate DistrictJean Fuller (R)
 • 8th U.S. House DistrictPaul Cook (R)
المساحة
 • الإجمالي10٬227 ميل² (26٬490 كم²)
 • البر10٬181 ميل² (26٬370 كم²)
 • الماء46 ميل² (120 كم²)
التعداد
 (2010)
 • الإجمالي18٬546
 • الكثافة1٫8/sq mi (0٫70/km2)
منطقة التوقيتUTC-8 (Pacific Standard Time)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC-7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.inyocounty.us

مقاطعة إنيو إنگليزية: Inyo County هي مقاطعة في شرق الجزء الأوسط من ولاية كاليفورنيا في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، بين سييرا نيفادا وولاية نيڤادا. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016.[1] The county seat is Independence.[2] Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10،192 ميل مربع (26،400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.

التاريخ

See also: تصنيف:Native American history of California.
Mount Whitney (top) is less than 90 ميل (140 km) away from Badwater Basin in Death Valley (bottom).

Present-day Inyo county has been the historic homeland for thousands of years of the Mono, Timbisha, Kawaiisu, and Northern Paiute Native Americans. The descendants of these ancestors continue to live in their traditional homelands in the Owens River Valley and in Death Valley National Park.

للمزيد من المعلومات: History of California through 1899

Inyo County was formed in 1866 out of the territory of the unorganized Coso County, which had been created on April 4, 1864, from parts of Mono County and Tulare County.[3] It acquired more territory from Mono County in 1870 and Kern County and San Bernardino County in 1872.

For many years it has been commonly believed that the county derived its name from the Mono tribe's name for the mountains in its former homeland. Actually the name came to be thought of, mistakenly, as the name of the mountains to the east of the Owens Valley when the first whites there asked the local Owens Valley Paiutes for the name of the mountains to the east. They responded that that was the land of Inyo. They meant by this that those lands belonged to the Timbisha tribe headed by a man whose name was Inyo.[بحاجة لمصدر] Inyo was the name of the headman of one of the Timbisha bands at the time of contact when the first whites, the Bennett-Arcane Party of 1849, wandered, lost, into Death Valley on their expedition to the gold fields of western California. The Owens Valley whites misunderstood the reference and thought that Inyo was the name of the mountains when actually it was the name of the chief, or headman, of the tribe that had those mountains as part of their homeland.[بحاجة لمصدر] In Timbisha, ɨnnɨyun means "it's (or he's) dangerous".[4]

To supply the growing City of Los Angeles, water was diverted from the Owens River into the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913. The Owens River Valley cultures and environments changed substantially. From the 1910s to 1930s the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power purchased much of the valley for water rights and control. In 1941 the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power extended the Los Angeles Aqueduct system farther upriver into the Mono Basin.

Natural history

Inyo County is host to a number of natural superlatives. Among them are:

Owens Valley and the Sierra Escarpment

الجغرافيا

Mount Whitney, the highest peak in the contiguous United States, is on Inyo County's western border (with Tulare County). The Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park, the lowest place in North America, is in eastern Inyo County. The difference between the two points is about 14،700 أقدام (4،500 m). They are not visible from each other, but both can be observed from the Panamint Range on the west side of Death Valley, above the Panamint Valley. Thus, Inyo County has the greatest elevation difference among all of the counties and county-equivalents in the contiguous United States.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 10،227 ميل مربع (26،490 km2), of which 10،181 ميل مربع (26،370 km2) is land and 46 ميل مربع (120 km2) (0.5%) is water.[5] It is the second-largest county by area in California and the ninth-largest in the United States (excluding boroughs and census areas in Alaska).

Lakes

المناطق المحمية الوطنية

There are 22 official wilderness areas in Inyo County that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. This is the second-largest number of any county, exceeded only by San Bernardino County's 35 wilderness areas. Most of these are managed solely by the Bureau of Land Management, but four are integral components of Death Valley National Park or Inyo National Forest and are thus managed by either the National Park Service or the Forest Service. Some of these wilderness areas also extend into neighboring counties.

Except as noted, the wilderness areas are managed solely by the Bureau of Land Management and lie entirely within Inyo County:

Death Valley National Park

المقالة الرئيسية: Death Valley National Park

Death Valley National Park is a mostly arid United States National Park east of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in southern Inyo County and northern San Bernardino County in California, with a small extension into southwestern Nye County and extreme southern Esmeralda County in Nevada. In addition, there is an exclave (Devil's Hole) in southern Nye County. The park covers 5،262 ميل مربع (13،630 km2), encompassing Saline Valley, a large part of Panamint Valley, almost all of Death Valley, and parts of several mountain ranges.[6] Death Valley National Monument was proclaimed in 1933, placing the area under federal protection. In 1994, the monument was redesignated a national park, as well as being substantially expanded to include Saline and Eureka Valleys.[6]

It is the hottest and driest of the national parks in the United States. It also features the second-lowest point in the Western Hemisphere and the lowest point in North America at the Badwater Basin, which is 282 أقدام (86 m) below sea level.[7] It is home to many species of plants and animals that have adapted to this harsh desert environment. Some examples include Creosote Bush, Bighorn Sheep, Coyote, and the Death Valley Pupfish, a survivor of much wetter times. Approximately 95% of the park is designated as wilderness.[8] Death Valley National Park is visited annually by more than 770,000 visitors who come to enjoy its diverse geologic features, desert wildlife, historic sites, scenery, clear night skies, and the solitude of the extreme desert environment.

Other parks

البحيرات

المناطق المحمية الوطنية

Except as noted, the wilderness areas are managed solely by the Bureau of Land Management, and lie entirely within Inyo County:

وادي الموت، المنتزه الوطني

المقالة الرئيسية: Death Valley National Park

المطارات

Bishop Airport, Independence Airport, Lone Pine Airport and Shoshone Airport are general aviation airports located near their respective cities. Stovepipe Wells Airport and Furnace Creek Airport are located in Death Valley National Park.

الجريمة

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

الديمغرافيا

2011

Places by population, race, and income

2010

التعداد التاريخي
التعدادPop.ملاحظة%±
18701٬956—
18802٬92849٫7%
18903٬54421�0%
19004٬37723٫5%
19106٬97459٫3%
19207٬0310٫8%
19306٬555−6٫8%
19407٬62516٫3%
195011٬65852٫9%
196011٬6840٫2%
197015٬57133٫3%
198017٬89514٫9%
199018٬2812٫2%
200017٬945−1٫8%
201018٬5463٫3%
2013 (تق.)18٬467−0٫4%
U.S. Decennial Census[19]
1790-1960[20] 1900-1990[21]
1990-2000[22] 2010-2013[23]

The 2010 United States Census reported that Inyo County had a population of 18,546. The racial makeup of Inyo County was 13,741 (74.1%) White, 109 (0.6%) African American, 2,121 (11.4%) Native American, 243 (1.3%) Asian, 16 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 1,676 (9.0%) from other races, and 640 (3.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,597 persons (19.4%).[24]

Politics

Voter registration statistics

Cities by population and voter registration

Overview

Inyo County vote
by party in presidential elections
Year GOP DEM Others
2008 53.1% 4,523 43.9% 3,743 2.9% 243
2004 59.1% 5,091 38.9% 3,350 2.0% 175
2000 60.3% 4,713 33.9% 2,652 5.8% 450
1996 51.8% 3,924 34.4% 2,601 13.8% 1,044
1992 43.6% 3,689 31.8% 2,695 24.6% 2,080
1988 64.3% 5,042 33.9% 2,653 1.8% 142
1984 70.3% 5,863 28.3% 2,360 1.4% 115
1980 64.8% 5,201 25.9% 2,080 9.3% 746
1976 58.2% 3,905 39.3% 2,635 2.5% 166
1972 68.1% 4,873 28.0% 2,006 3.9% 280
1968 54.5% 3,641 34.6% 2,314 11.0% 732
1964 46.5% 2,751 53.4% 3,161 0.1% 3
1960 54.7% 2,962 45.1% 2,443 0.3% 15
1956 66.2% 3,524 33.5% 1,782 0.3% 18
1952 68.9% 3,819 30.6% 1,698 0.5% 28
1948 55.8% 2,135 40.2% 1,539 4.0% 153
1944 50.6% 1,699 49.1% 1,647 0.3% 9
1940 44.5% 1,483 54.7% 1,820 0.8% 27
1936 36.5% 912 62.4% 1,560 1.2% 29
1932 30.9% 698 64.6% 1,459 4.5% 101
1928 57.4% 1,206 41.0% 861 1.7% 35
1924 47.5% 950 12.8% 256 39.7% 793
1920 57.2% 1,195 32.7% 682 8.8% 212
Election results from statewide races
Year Office Results
2010 Governor Whitman 48.9 - 43.2%
Lieutenant Governor Maldonado 50.5 - 35.5%
Secretary of State Dunn 51.0 - 37.9%
Controller Strickland 45.6 - 42.7%
Treasurer Walters 47.9 - 43.1%
Attorney General Cooley 56.4 - 31.4%
Insurance Commissioner Villines 51.1 - 34.1%

Inyo is a strongly الجمهوري county in Presidential and congressional elections. The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

مواقع بارزة

Communities

photo of Inyo County Court House
The Inyo County Court House in Independence

City

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

See also

ملاحظات

  1. ^ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
  2. ^ Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  3. ^ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
  4. ^ أ ب Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.

الهامش

  1. ^ "Inyo County, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ California; Hittell, Theodore Henry (1865). California, Theodore Henry Hittell, The general laws of the State of California, from 1850 to 1864, H.H. Bancroft, San Francisco, 1865. p.190. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  4. ^ William Bright & John McLaughlin, "Inyo Redux", Names 48:147-150 (2000)
  5. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  6. ^ أ ب National Park Index (2001–2003), p. 26
  7. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة USGSHighLow
  8. ^ NPS website, "Backcountry Roads"
  9. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
  10. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
  11. ^ أ ب ت United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved 2013-11-14.
  12. ^ أ ب U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
  13. ^ أ ب U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  14. ^ أ ب U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  15. ^ أ ب U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  16. ^ أ ب U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  17. ^ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01003. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  18. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س Data unavailable
  19. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  20. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  21. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  22. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  23. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة QF
  24. ^ قالب:USCensus2010CA
  25. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration. Retrieved 2013-10-31.

وصلات خارجية

Esmeralda County, Nevada Mono County
Nye County, Nevada شمال Tulare County and Fresno County
الشرق   Inyo County, California    الغرب
جنوب
Clark County, Nevada San Bernardino County Kern County

قالب:Cities of Inyo County, California

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