656
| القرون: | قرن 6 · قرن 7 · قرن 8 |
| العقود: | ع620 ع630 ع640 ع650 ع660 ع670 ع680 |
| السنوات: | 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 1 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 6 – القرن 7 – القرن 8 |
| عقود: | عقد 620 عقد 630 عقد 640 – عقد 650 – عقد 660 عقد 670 عقد 680 |
| سنين: | 653 654 655 – 656 – 657 658 659 |
| 656 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| تأسيسات – انحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 656 DCLVI |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1409 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 105 ԹՎ ՃԵ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5406 |
| التقويم البهائي | −1188 – −1187 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 63 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 1606 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | N/A |
| التقويم البوذي | 1200 |
| التقويم البورمي | 18 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6164–6165 |
| التقويم الصيني | 乙卯年 (الخشب الأرنب) 3352 أو 3292 — إلى — 丙辰年 (النار التنين) 3353 أو 3293 |
| التقويم القبطي | 372–373 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 1822 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 648–649 |
| التقويم العبري | 4416–4417 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 712–713 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 578–579 |
| - كالي يوگا | 3757–3758 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 10656 |
| تقويم الإگبو | −344 – −343 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 34–35 |
| التقويم الهجري | 35–36 |
| التقويم الياباني | N/A |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 656 DCLVI |
| التقويم الكوري | 2989 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 1256 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前1256年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1199 |
Year 656 (DCLVI) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 656 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
أحداث
حسب المكان
أوروبا
- February 1 – King Sigebert III of Austrasia, age 25, dies after a 22-year reign. His 5-year-old son Dagobert II is kidnapped by the court chancellor, Grimoald the Elder, who makes his own son king, and exiles him to an Irish monastery. Dagobert is placed with Bishop Dido of Poitiers, while Grimoald's son Childebert the Adopted assumes the Austrasian throne.
بريطانيا
- King Oswiu of Northumbria invades Pengwern (modern Wales) and kills King Cynddylan in battle, near the River Trent. Cynddylan's brother Morfael and the rest of the royal family flee to Glastening (Wessex).
- King Œthelwald of Deira is removed from office by his uncle Oswiu, because of his desertion at the Battle of the Winwaed, and replaced by the latter's son Alhfrith, as subject king in a united Northumbria.
دولة الخلفاء الراشدين
- الفتنة الأولى: ثورة مسلحة تندلع في مصر؛ عدد من المسلمين المتعاطفين مع الثورة يسافرون إلى المدينة سعياً للدعم، لتبدأ الفتنة. توقفت الفتوحات الإسلامية إذ توجهت الطاقات العسكرية إلى الداخل.[1]
- 17 يونيو - عثمان بن عفان is murdered at Medina after an 11-year reign.[2] He is succeeded by Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi-Talib, who becomes the fourth caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. He makes Kufah (Iraq) his capital, but the succession is disputed.
- December 8 – Battle of the Camel: Rebel Arabs under Aisha (widow of Muhammad) begin a revolt against Ali. They are defeated at Basra, and Aisha is exiled to Medina. During the battle 10,000 people lose their lives, with each party bearing equal loss.[3]
- Abdullah ibn Sa'ad, governor of Upper Egypt, dies after a 12-year regime in which he has defeated neighboring Nubia.
آسيا
- Empress Saimei of Japan builds a new palace at أسوكا (Nara Prefecture), because her former residence caught fire. This construction is called the "Mad Canal" by the people of that day, wasting the labor of tens of thousand workers and a large amount of money.
پولينيزيا
- September 24 – A total solar eclipse is observable from Easter Island. The next at this location would not occur until July 11, 2010.
حسب الموضوع
الدين
- Li Xiăn, seventh son of the Chinese emperor Gao Zong, is made crown prince. His lavish palatial mansion in Chang'an is converted into a Daoist abbey during the Tang dynasty (approximate date).
- The Yasaka Shrine is constructed in the Gion district of Kyoto (Japan).
مواليد
- Hubertus, bishop of Liège (approximate date)
- Zhong Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (d. 710)
وفيات
- 17 يونيو - اغتيال عثمان بن عفان ثالث الخلفاء الراشدين. (b. 577)
- عبد الله بن سعد، والي عربي
- Crundmáel Erbuilc, king of the Uí Ceinnselaig (Ireland)
- Cui Dunli, general of the Tang dynasty (b. 596)
- Cynddylan, king of Pengwern (Wales)
- Li Daozong, prince of the Tang dynasty
- Peada, king of Mercia (Midlands)
- Sigebert III, king of Austrasia (or 660)
- الزبير بن العوام، قائد عسكري عربي (و. 594) (مقتولاً)
المراجع
- ^ Nicolle 2009, p. 62.
- ^ Madelung 1998, p. 135 n..
- ^ Muir 1898, Chapter Chapter XXXV, "Battle of the Camel".
المصادر
- Muir, William (1898). The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline, and Fall, from Original Sources (3rd ed.). London: Smith, Elder. p. 250.
- Nicolle, David (2009). The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750. Bloomsbury USA. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-84603-273-8.
- Madelung, Wilferd (1998). The Succession to Muhammad A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-64696-3.
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