1957 في المملكة المتحدة
1957 في المملكة المتحدة |
سنوات أخرى |
1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 |
Constituent countries of the United Kingdom |
Northern Ireland | Scotland | Wales |
Popular culture |
فيما يلي قوائم الأحداث التي وقعت خلال عام 1957 في المملكة المتحدة.
أحداث
- 1 يناير – المخيم الكشفي العالمي التاسع
- 1 January – Sexual Offences Act 1956 (a consolidation of the English criminal law) comes into effect.
- 9 January – Resignation of Anthony Eden as Prime Minister due to ill health.[1]
- 10 January – Harold Macmillan succeeds Anthony Eden as Prime Minister[2] through "the customary processes of consultation".[3]
- 16 January
- Royal Ballet granted a Royal Charter.[4]
- The Cavern Club opens in Liverpool as a jazz club.[4]
- 24 January – Sunday Express newspaper editor John Junor is called to the Bar of the House of Commons to be reprimanded for contempt of Parliament[5] – the last non-politician to be so called.
- January
- The first operational Avro Vulcan strategic V bomber enters service with the Royal Air Force, at RAF Waddington in Lincolnshire.[6]
- National Trust for Scotland agrees to accept the bequest of the islands of St Kilda.[7]
- February – Norwich City Council becomes the first British local authority to install a computer (an Elliott 405).[8]
- 11 February – East Midlands earthquake.[9]
- 16 February – The "Toddlers' Truce" (an arrangement whereby there have been no television broadcasts between 18:00–19:00 to allow parents to put their children to bed) is abolished.
- 22 فبراير – The Queen grants her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, the style and title of a Prince of the United Kingdom.
- 6 مارس – The Northern Territories protectorate and British Togoland are annexed to the Crown, which territories together with Ashanti and Gold Coast become Ghana which is independent of the United Kingdom.[10]
- 13 مارس – The Anglo-Jordanian Treaty of 1948 expires.
- 21 مارس – Homicide Act amends the common law offence of murder in English law by introducing the partial defences of diminished responsibility and suicide pact, reforming the partial defence of provocation, and largely abolishing the doctrine of constructive malice; it also restricts the application of the death penalty to aggravated murder (creating a new offence of capital murder), allowing commutation of sentence to life imprisonment in other cases. It is no longer a requirement for the Attorney General to prosecute poisoning cases in person.
- 1 أبريل – The BBC's Panorama current affairs programme presented by Richard Dimbleby broadcasts a spaghetti tree hoax report purporting to show spaghetti being harvested in Switzerland, believed to be the first April Fool's Day joke on television.[11]
- 4 April – 1957 Defence White Paper presented by Duncan Sandys, Minister of Defence, introduces major cuts in conventional land and air forces.[12]
- 10 April – Royal Court Theatre (London) premieres John Osborne's The Entertainer with Laurence Olivier in the title role.[13]
- 11 April – The UK Government agrees to allow Singapore its independence.[14]
- 15 April – Suspected serial killer Dr John Bodkin Adams is controversially found not guilty at the Old Bailey after Britain's longest murder trial. Political interference is suspected.[15]
- 20 April – Manchester United retain the Football League First Division title with a 4–0 win over Sunderland.[16]
- 24 April – The first broadcast of BBC Television astronomy series The Sky at Night, presented by Patrick Moore. This will run with him as presenter until his final episode is broadcast on 7 January 2013, one month following his death.
- 2 May – The Hammer Film Productions' The Curse of Frankenstein is released.
- 4 مايو – Aston Villa win the FA Cup for a record seventh time with a 2–1 win over Football League First Division champions Manchester United at Wembley Stadium. Peter McParland scores both of Villa's goals with United's consolation goal coming from Tommy Taylor. The result ends Manchester United's hopes of becoming the first team this century to win the double of the league title and FA Cup.[17]
- 14 May – The end of petrol rationing following the Suez Crisis.[18]
- 15 May
- Operation Grapple: Britain tests its first hydrogen bomb at Malden Island in the Pacific Ocean.[19]
- Stanley Matthews plays his final international football game, ending an English record international career of almost 23 years.
- 21 May – Project E: agreement for the United States to supply Thor intermediate-range ballistic missiles to Britain under US control.[20]
- 1 June – The first Premium Bond winners are selected by the computer ERNIE.[4]
- 3 June – The actor and playwright Noël Coward returns to Britain from the West Indies amid criticism that he is living abroad to avoid having to pay tax.[21]
- 13 June – Eight people are killed in Oxford Street, London after a bus on route 7 collides with a queue of people at a bus stop.[22]
- 26 June – Six miners are killed in Barnburgh Main Colliery after an underground explosion.[23]
- 27 June – A report by the Medical Research Council reveals that there is evidence to support a link between tobacco smoking and lung cancer.[24]
- Late June – The 1957–1958 influenza pandemic ("Asian flu") which has already killed thousands of people worldwide, reaches Britain where it will kill a number estimated at between 20,000 and 33,000.[25]
- 6 July – Future members of The Beatles John Lennon and Paul McCartney first meet as teenagers at a garden fête at St. Peter's Church, Woolton, Liverpool at which Lennon's skiffle group The Quarrymen is playing.
- 20 July
- Prime Minister Harold Macmillan makes a speech to his fellow Conservative Party members at Bedford, telling them that "most of our people have never had it so good".[26]
- Civic Trust (England), founded by Duncan Sandys to promote improvement of the built environment, holds its inaugural conference in London.
- Stirling Moss finishes the British Grand Prix at Aintree in first position in a Vanwall VW5, the first World Championship victory for a British car.[27]
- 20–28 July – The Transport and General Workers' Union stages a national strike by provincial (non-municipal) bus crews; some violence against non-strikers is reported.[28]
- 31 July – The Tryweryn Bill, permitting Liverpool City Council to build a reservoir which will drown the village of Capel Celyn, becomes law. Every Welsh MP votes against (or, in one case, abstains).
- 5 August – The cartoon character Andy Capp first appears in northern editions of the Daily Mirror.
- 31 August
- The Federation of Malaya becomes independent from Britain.[29]
- Central Scotland's ITV channel Scottish Television goes on the air, the first 7-day-a-week ITV franchise to do so.
- August – The ZETA fusion reactor begins operating at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Oxfordshire.
- 4 September – Publication of the Wolfenden report, recommending "homosexual behaviour between consenting adults in private should no longer be a criminal offence".[30]
- 10 September – Tony Lock becomes the last bowler to reach 200 wickets in a first-class season,[31] a feat subsequently impossible due to limited-overs cricket and covered pitches.
- 1 October
- 1957–1958 influenza pandemic: The UK introduces a vaccine against the "Asian flu".[32] Deaths from the condition will peak in week ending 17 October at 600 in England and Wales.[25]
- Which? magazine is first published by The Consumers' Association.
- 2 October – David Lean's Academy Award-winning film The Bridge on the River Kwai is released.
- 10 October – Windscale fire: The graphite core of the nuclear reactor at Windscale, Cumbria, catches fire, releasing substantial amounts of radioactive contamination into the surrounding area.[33]
- 11 October – Jodrell Bank Observatory becomes operational.[4]
- 28 October – Today is first broadcast as a daily early-morning topical radio show on the BBC Home Service. It will still be running more than 60 years later.
- 30 October – The government unveils plans which will allow women to join the House of Lords for the first time.[34]
- 8 November
- Operation Grapple: First successful (test) explosion of a British hydrogen bomb, at Christmas Island in the Pacific.[35]
- An inquiry into last month's fire at Windscale nuclear power plant blames the accident on a combination of human error, poor management and faulty instruments.[36]
- 15 November – 1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash: A flying boat crash on the Isle of Wight kills 45.
- 4 December – The Lewisham rail crash kills 90 and injures 173.[37]
- 10 December – Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes".[38]
- 12 December – Wales gets its own minister of state in the Westminster government for the first time.
- 25 December – The Royal Christmas Message is broadcast on television with the Queen on camera for the first time.[4]
- 28 December – A case of foot-and-mouth disease is found at an abattoir in Liverpool.[39]
- Undated – Minting of the sovereign as a bullion piece resumes.
سياسة
تعيين في المنصب
- 10 يناير – هارولد ماكميلان Category:Lifford [الإنجليزية]، رئيس وزراء المملكة المتحدة.
- 29 مارس – أليك دوغلاس هيوم Category:People from Geraardsbergen [الإنجليزية].
انتهاء فترة المنصب
- 10 يناير – أنطوني إيدن رئيس وزراء المملكة المتحدة.
- 13 يناير – هارولد ماكميلان Microsoft Popfly [الإنجليزية].
رياضة
- 1 يناير – بطولة ويمبلدون 1957
ظهور
- 1 يناير – قطار 4.50 من بادنغتون رواية من تأليف أجاثا كريستي.
- 1 يناير – محنة البريء رواية من تأليف أجاثا كريستي.
- 1 يناير – مدافع نافارون
أفلام
من الأفلام التي صدرت هذه السنة في المملكة المتحدة:
- 1 يناير – جسر على نهر كواي من إخراج ديفيد لين.
- 17 أكتوبر – حول العالم في 80 يوما من إخراج مايكل أندرسون (مخرج أفلام)، جون فارو.
كتب
من الكتب التي صدرت هذه السنة في المملكة المتحدة:
- 1 يناير – قطار 4.50 من بادنغتون من تأليف أجاثا كريستي.
- 1 يناير – ليمون مر من تأليف لورانس داريل.
- 1 يناير – مدافع نافارون من تأليف Minas do Leão [الإنجليزية].
مواليد
يناير
- 1 يناير – سوفي ويلسون عالِمة حاسوب من المملكة المتحدة.
- 5 يناير – ديفيد فيركلوف لاعب كرة قدم إنجليزي.
- 6 يناير – مايكل فول رائد فضاء أمريكي.
- 11 يناير – براين روبسون لاعب ومدرب كرة قدم إنجليزي.
- 16 يناير – إيان آتكينز
- 19 يناير – روجر أشتون غريفيث
- 27 يناير – جانيك غيرس موسيقي بريطاني.
فبراير
- 9 فبراير – جورج فيني
- 9 فبراير – غوردون ستراكان لاعب ومدرب كرة قدم اسكتلندي.
- 19 فبراير – راي وينستون
- 27 فبراير – تيموثي ليونارد سبال ممثل بريطاني.
مارس
- 19 مارس – ستيف أبلي لاعب كرة قدم إنجليزي.
أبريل
- 20 أبريل – جيرينت وين ديفيز
- 29 أبريل – دانيال دي لويس ممثل إنجليزي أيرلندي.
مايو
- 9 مايو – بيلي هاميلتون لاعب كرة قدم إنجليزي.
- 10 مايو – سيد فيشوس
- 26 مايو – ماري بيل قاتلة متسلسلة من المملكة المتحدة.
- 31 مايو – غاري كوبر
يونيو
- 17 يونيو – سام دوغلاس ممثل أمريكي.
- 18 يونيو – رالف براون
يوليو
- 8 يوليو – كريستوف روجيه فاسلين لاعب كرة مضرب فرنسي.
- 9 يوليو – مارك ألموند
أغسطس
- 4 أغسطس – جون وارك لاعب كرة قدم إنجليزي.
- 5 أغسطس – ديفيد جل
- 14 أغسطس – بيتر هارت لاعب كرة قدم من المملكة المتحدة.
- 16 أغسطس – جيمس دونالدسون لاعب كرة سلة من الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.
- 20 أغسطس – سيمون دونالدسون
- 22 أغسطس – ستيف ديفيس
- 24 أغسطس – ستيفن فراي
- 25 أغسطس – سايمون ماكبرني
- 27 أغسطس – جانيت وينترسون كاتبة إنجليزية.
سبتمبر
- 12 سبتمبر – راشيل وارد
- 18 سبتمبر – توم رايت مهندس معماري بريطاني.
- 24 سبتمبر – ستيف فوستر لاعب كرة قدم إنجليزي.
أكتوبر
- 11 أكتوبر – باول باون ممثل بريطاني.
- 23 أكتوبر – غراهام ريكس لاعب ومدرب كرة قدم إنجليزي.
- 26 أكتوبر – هيو دالاس حكم كرة قدم من المملكة المتحدة.
- 27 أكتوبر – غلين هودل لاعب ومدرب كرة قدم إنجليزي.
- 28 أكتوبر – غراهام جونز درّاج طريق من المملكة المتحدة.
نوفمبر
- 4 نوفمبر – توني أبوت سياسي أسترالي.
- 27 نوفمبر – أنطونيو بيليتي دراج بريطاني.
وفيات
يناير
- 1 يناير – بامبا ساذرلاند (مواليد 1869) أميرة البنجاب.
- 1 يناير – جاك ألين (مواليد 1903) لاعب كرة قدم من المملكة المتحدة.
- 16 يناير – الكسندر كامبريدج (مواليد 1874) سياسي من المملكة المتحدة.
فبراير
- 22 فبراير – جورج وليامز (مواليد 1897) لاعب كرة قدم من المملكة المتحدة.
مارس
- 13 مارس – جورج أليسون (مواليد 1883)
- 21 مارس – تشارلز كاي أوغدن (مواليد 1889)
مايو
- 12 مايو – ألفونسو دي بورتاغو (مواليد 1928) سائق سباقات.
يوليو
- 11 يوليو – آغا خان الثالث (مواليد 1877) سياسي هندي.
سبتمبر
- 30 سبتمبر – ويلر درايدن (مواليد 1892)
أكتوبر
- 25 أكتوبر – لورد دانسني (مواليد 1878)
ديسمبر
- 17 ديسمبر – دوروثي سايرز (مواليد 1893)
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- ^ "Macmillan becomes Prime Minister". BBC News. 10 January 1957. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
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- ^ "Committee of Privileges (Second Report) (Hansard, 23 January 1957)". api.parliament.uk.
- ^ Crosby, Francis (2006). The Complete Guide to Fighters & Bombers of the World. London: Anness Publishing. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-84476-917-9.
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- ^ "Our Computer Heritage". Computer Conservation Society. 4 March 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
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- ^ Defence: The Outline of Future Policy. Cmd.124.
- ^ The Daily Express, 10 April 1957, p. 4.
- ^ "Britain agrees to Singapore self-rule". BBC News. 11 April 1957. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
- ^ Cullen, Pamela (2006). Stranger in Blood: the case files on Doctor John Bodkin Adams.
- ^ "Manchester United retains English soccer supremacy". Leader-Post. Regina, Saskatchewan. 22 April 1957. p. 19. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
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- ^ "Report on the causes of, and circumstances attending, the Explosion which occurred at Barnburgh Main Colliery, Barnburgh, in the County of York, on 26th June, 1957". Durham Mining Museum. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
- ^ "Smoking 'causes lung cancer'". BBC News. 27 June 1957. Archived from the original on 10 November 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
- ^ أ ب Honigsbaum, Mark (2020-06-13). "Revisiting the 1957 and 1968 influenza pandemics". The Lancet. 395 (10240): 1824–1826. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31201-0. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7247790. PMID 32464113.
- ^ Originally reported by Michael Freedland. "Britons 'have never had it so good'". BBC News. 20 July 1957. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
- ^ "Grand Prix Results: British GP, 1957". grandprix.com. Retrieved 2012-07-07.
- ^ "Bus dispute turns violent". BBC News. 23 July 1957. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
- ^ "Malaya celebrates independence". BBC News. 31 August 1957. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
- ^ "Homosexuality 'should not be a crime'". BBC News. 4 September 1957. Archived from the original on 15 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
- ^ "The Home of CricketArchive". cricketarchive.com.
- ^ "British public gets 'Asian Flu' vaccine". BBC News. 1 October 1957. Archived from the original on 4 May 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
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- ^ "Lords to admit first women peers". BBC News. 30 October 1957. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
- ^ Arnold, Lorna; Pyne, Katherine (2001). Britain and the H-bomb. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-230-59977-2. OCLC 753874620.
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- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957". Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
- ^ "Foot-and-mouth shuts down abattoir". BBC News. 28 December 1957. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
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