1861 في المملكة المتحدة
| 1861 في المملكة المتحدة |
| سنوات أخرى |
| 1859 | 1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863
|
فيما يلي قوائم الأحداث التي وقعت خلال عام 1861 في المملكة المتحدة.
المسئولون
أحداث
- 1 January – first steam-powered merry-go-round recorded, in Bolton.[1]
- 15 February – about 350 convicts held on St Mary's Island at Chatham Dockyard take over their prison in a riot.[2]
- 20 February – storms damage the Crystal Palace in London and cause the collapse of the steeple of Chichester Cathedral.[3]
- 21 to 26 March – major fire in Southwark destroys several buildings.[4]
- 30 March – William Crookes announces his discovery of thallium.
- 7 April – United Kingdom census. The population is more than double that of 1801.
- 12 April – American Civil War breaks out, leading to Lancashire Cotton Famine (1861–1865).
- 13 May – British government resolves to remain neutral in the American Civil War.[4]
- 17 May – Thomas Cook runs the first package holiday from London to Paris.[3]
- July – outbreak of yellow fever onboard paddle frigate HMS Firebrand in the West Indies kills 52.[5]
- 31 July – Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act codifies company law.[4]
- 6 August – Criminal Law Consolidation Acts (drafted by Charles Sprengel Greaves) granted Royal Assent, generally coming into effect on 1 November. The death penalty is limited to murder, embezzlement, piracy, high treason and to acts of arson perpetrated upon docks or ammunition depots; the age of consent is codified as twelve. The Home Secretary takes over the power to reprieve or commute sentences from the judiciary and Privy Council.[6]
- Accessories and Abettors Act, codifying the law on accessories and abettors.
- Coinage Offences Act, codifying the law on counterfeiting of coins.
- Criminal Statutes Repeal Act.
- Forgery Act, codifying the law on forgery.
- Larceny Act, codifying the law on larceny and related offences.
- Malicious Damage Act, codifying the law on criminal damage.
- Offences against the Person Act, codifying the law on violent offence against the person and abortion and creating the offence of "causing bodily harm by wanton or furious driving".
- 27 August – last execution in Britain for attempted murder – Martin Doyle in Chester.
- 16 September – Post Office Savings Bank opens.[4]
- 24 October – HMS Warrior, the world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled armoured battleship is completed and commissioned.
- 8 November – Trent Affair: Union captained ship USS San Jacinto intercepts the British mail packet Trent at sea and removes two Confederate diplomats.[7]
- 25 November – a tenement collapses in the Old Town, Edinburgh, killing 35 with 15 survivors.
- 1 December – Trent Affair: British government dispatches its response, partly drafted by The Prince Consort.[8]
مجهولة التاريخ
The first colour photograph by James Clerk Maxwell.
- James Clerk Maxwell demonstrates the principle of three-colour photography (see picture).[9]
- British Empire establishes bases in Lagos to stop the slave trade.
- Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship signed between Bahrain and the U.K.
- The Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation, Manchester in Salford is consecrated as the oldest purpose-built Greek Orthodox Church in England.
- Construction commences on Royal Museum in Edinburgh.
- Crimean War Memorial unveiled in London, including sculptures of Other Ranks.
- William Morris founds the influential furnishing company, Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co.
كتب
من الكتب التي صدرت هذه السنة في المملكة المتحدة:
- Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management.
- Charles Dickens' novel Great Expectations complete in book form.
- سيلاس مارنر من تأليف جورج إليوت.
- F. T. Palgrave's anthology Golden Treasury of English Songs and Lyrics, 1st edition.
- Charles Reade's novel The Cloister and the Hearth.
- Anthony Trollope's novels Framley Parsonage (book form) and Orley Farm (serialisation begins).
- Mrs Henry Wood's 'sensation novel' East Lynne.
- The anthology Hymns Ancient and Modern.[10] This includes the setting "Eventide" by the music editor William Henry Monk for the hymn Abide with Me.
مواليد
يناير
- 1 يناير – ألف جونز لاعب كرة قدم بريطاني.
- 3 يناير – إرنست رينشو لاعب كرة مضرب من المملكة المتحدة.
- 3 يناير – وليام رينشو لاعب كرة مضرب من المملكة المتحدة.
فبراير
- 15 فبراير – ألفريد نورث وايتهيد
- 15 فبراير – هالفورد ماكندر
أبريل
- 23 أبريل – إدموند ألنبي
يونيو
- 19 يونيو – دوغلاس هيج
- 20 يونيو – فردريك هوپكنز
- 25 يونيو – ريجنالد ونجت
أغسطس
- 8 أغسطس – وليام باتسون
- 10 أغسطس – ألمروث رايت عالم مناعة من المملكة المتحدة.
- 14 أغسطس – ريتشارد ديفيز عسكري من المملكة المتحدة.
نوفمبر
- 10 نوفمبر – روبرت تي أيه اينيس عالم فلك بريطاني.
وفيات
يناير
- 9 يناير – ماكغريغور لايرد (مواليد 1808) مستكشف بريطاني.
أبريل
- 23 أبريل – هربرت كولريدج (مواليد 1830)
مايو
- 16 مايو – جون ستيفنز هنسلو (مواليد 1796)
يونيو
- 7 يونيو – باتريك برونتي (مواليد 1777) كاهن وكاتب أيرلندي.
- 13 يونيو – هنري غراي (مواليد 1827)
- 29 يونيو – إليزابث باريت براوننگ (مواليد 1806)
يوليو
- 6 يوليو – جيمس فوربس (مواليد 1773) عالم نبات من المملكة المتحدة.
أكتوبر
- 21 أكتوبر – إدوارد ديكنسون بيكر (مواليد 1811) سياسي أمريكي.
الهامش
- ^ "Fairground Rides - A Chronological Development". National Fairground Archive. University of Sheffield. 2007. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
- ^ Hastings, Paul; Coulson, Ian. "Life in Kent Gaols before 1877". Here's History Kent. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
- ^ أ ب Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ أ ب ت ث Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 282–283. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ HMS Firebrand Memorial.
- ^ "Timeline of capital punishment in Britain". Retrieved 2011-02-02.
- ^ Fairfax, D. Macneil (1885). "Captain Wilkes's Seizure of Mason and Slidell". In Johnson, Robert Underwood; Buel, Clarence Clough (eds.). Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: North to Antietam. pp. 136–9.
- ^ Ferris, Norman B. (1977). The Trent Affair: a Diplomatic Crisis. pp. 52–53. ISBN 0-87049-169-5.
- ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- ^ "A History of Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd". SCM-Canterbury Press. Archived from the original on 5 ديسمبر 2008. Retrieved 3 يناير 2011.
الكلمات الدالة:
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