قائمة حكام عيلام

(تم التحويل من List of rulers of Elam)

هذه هي قائمة حكام عيلام من أقدم الأزمنة وحتى الامبراطورية الفارسية. كل التواريخ هي بالتأريخ المتوسط.

امبراطورية عيلام، ح. 2700 – 650 ق.م.

The Elamites were a people located in southwestern Iran, in what is now خوزستان، إيلام، فارس، بوشهر، لرستان، Bakhtiari و Kohgiluyeh provinces. Their language was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, and they were the geographic precursors of the Persian/Median empire that later appeared.

الاسم الصورة اللقب وُلِد-توفي تولى المنصب غادر المنصب علاقات عائلية ملاحظات
الفترة العيلامية القديمة، ح. 2700–ح. 1500 ق.م.
ملوك عيلام المبكرون، ح. 2700–ح. 2600 ق.م.
1 خومبابا ?–ح. 2680 ق م ح. 2700 ق م ح. 2680 ق م ? ذكر في ملحمة جلجامش
2 خومبان شوتور ?–? ? ? ?
أسرة أوان،[1][2][3] ح. 2600–2078 ق.م.
3 ملك غير مسمى لأوان ملك أوان ?–? c. 2580 ق.م. ? ? contemporary with the last king of the first dynasty of Uruk[4]
4 ...Lu ملك أوان ?–? ? ? ?
5 Kur-Ishshak ملك أوان ?–? ? ح. 2550 ق.م. ? 36 years. contemporary with Lugal-Anne-Mundu king of Adab & Ur-Nanshe king of Lagash
6 Peli ملك أوان ?–? c. 2500 ق.م. ? ?
7 تاتا الأول ملك أوان ?–? ? ? ?
8 Ukku-Tanhish ملك أوان ?–? ? ? ?
9 Hishutash ملك أوان ?–? ? ? ?
10 Shushun-Tarana ملك أوان ?–? ? ? ?
11 Napi-Ilhush ملك أوان ?–? ? ? ?
12 Kikku-Siwe-Temti ملك أوان ?–? ? ? ?
13 Hishep-Ratep I ملك أوان ?–? ? ? ?
14 Luh-Ishshan Luh-ishan on the Awan Kings List.jpg ملك أوان ?–c. 2325 ق.م. ? c. 2325 ق.م. Son of Hishep-Ratep I
15 Hishep-Ratep II ملك أوان ?–? c. 2325 ق.م. ? Son of Luh-Ishshan
16 Emahsini[5] ملك أوان ?–2311 ق.م. c. 2315 ق.م. 2311 ق.م.
17 Helu ملك أوان ?–? ? ? ?
18 خيتا Alliance Naram-Sin Awan Louvre Sb8833.jpg ملك أوان ?–? ح. 2270 ق.م. ح. 2270 ق.م. ? عاصر نرام سن ملك أكد
19 Kutik-Inshushinak[6] Statue_of_Puzur-Inshushinak_with_inscription_in_his_name_(lower_half). ملك أوان ?–? c. 2100 ق.م. c. 2100 ق.م. son of Shinpi-hish-huk عاصر أور نمو ملك أور. Susa conquered by Ur troops in 2078 and 2016 ق.م.
Shimashki Dynasty,[7][8] c. 2100–c. 1928 ق.م.
20 The unnamed king of Simashki king of Simashki ?–c. 2100 ق.م. ? c. 2100 ق.م. ? cont. Kutik-Inshushinak king of Awan
21 Gir-Namme I king of Simashki ?–? ? ?
22 Tazitta I king of Simashki ?–? c. 2040 ق.م.[5] c. 2037 ق.م.[5]
23 Eparti I king of Simashki ?–? ? c. 2033 ق.م.[5] ?
24 Gir-Namme II king of Simashki ?–? c. 2033 ق.م. ?
25 Tazitta II king of Simashki ?–? ? ?
26 Lurak-Luhhan king of Simashki ?–2022 ق.م. c. 2028 ق.م. 2022 ق.م. ?
27 Hutran-Temti king of Simashki ?–? ? ? ?
28 Indattu-Inshushinak I king of Simashki ?–2016 ق.م. ? 2016 ق.م. son of Hutran-Temti
29 Kindattu Lament for ur (cropped).JPG king of Simashki ?–? before 2006 ق.م. after 2005 ق.م. son of Tan-Ruhuratir conqueror of Ur
30 Indattu-Inshushinak II king of Simashki ?–? c. 1980 ق.م. ? son of Pepi[6] cont. Shu-Ilishu king of Isin & Bilalama king of Eshnunna
32 Tan-Ruhuratir I king of Simashki ?–? c. 1965 ق.م. ? son of Indattu-Inshushinnak II cont. Iddin-Dagan king of Isin
33 Indattu-Inshushinak III king of Simashki ?–? ? ? son of Tan-Ruhuratir I more than 3 years
35 Indattu-Napir king of Simashki ?–? ? ? ?
36 Indattu-Temti king of Simashki ?–? ? 1928? ق.م. ?
Sukkalmah/ Epartid dynasty,[9] c. 1970–c. 1500 ق.م.
31 Eparti II Eparti II ملك آنشان وسوسا, Sukkalmah ?–? c. 1973 ق.م. ? Married with a daughter of Iddin-Dagan king of Isin in 1973 ق.م..[10] cont. Iddin-Dagan king of Isin
34 Shilhaha ملك آنشان وسوسا, Sukkalmah ?–? ? ? son of Eparti II
37 Kuk-Nashur I Sukkalmah ?–? ? ? son (ruhushak)[11] of Shilhaha
38 Atta-hushu Sukkal and Ippir of Susa, Shepherd of the people of Susa, Shepherd of Inshushinak ?–after 1894 ق.م. ?1928 ق.م. after 1894 ق.م. son of Kuk-Nashur I (?)
39 Tetep-Mada Shepherd of the people of Susa ?–? after c. 1890 ق.م. ? son of Kuk-Nashur I (?)
40 Palar-Ishshan Sukkalmah ?–? ? ? ?
41 Kuk-Sanit ?–? ? ? son of Palar-Ishshan (?)
42 Kuk-Kirwash Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam and Simashki and Susa ?–? ? ? son of Lan-Kuku & nephew of Palar-Ishshan
43 Tem-Sanit ?–? ? ? son of Kuk-Kirwash
44 Kuk-Nahhunte ?–? ? ? son of Kuk-Kirwash
45 Kuk-Nashur II Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam, Sukkal of Elam and Simashki and Susa ?–? ? ? son of Kuk-Nahhunte (?)
46 Shirukduh Sukkalmah ?–? c. 1790 ق.م. ? ? cont. Shamshi-Adad I king of Assyria
47 Shimut-Wartash I ?–? ? ? son of Shirukduh
48 Siwe-Palar-Hupak Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa, Prince of Elam ?–? before 1765 ق.م. after 1765 ق.م. son of Shirukduh
49 Kuduzulush I Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa ?–? ? ? son of Shirukduh
50 Kutir-Nahhunte I Sukkalmah ?–? c. 1710 ق.م. ? son of Kuduzulush I
51 Atta-Merra-Halki ?–? ? ? son of Kuduzulush I (?)
52 Tata II Sukkal ?–? ? ? brother of Atta-Merra-Halki
53 Lila-Irtash ?–? ? ? son of Kuduzulush I
54 Temti-Agun Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa ?–? ? ? son of Kutir-Nahhunte I
55 Kutir-Shilhaha Sukkalmah, Sukkal ?–? ? ? son of Temti-Agun
56 Kuk-Nashur III Sukkal of Elam, Sukkal of Susa ?–? before 1646 ق.م. after 1646 ق.م. son of Kutir-Shilhaha
57 Temti-Raptash ?–? ? ? son of Kutir-Shilhaha
58 Shimut-Wartash II ?–? ? ? son of Kuk-Nashur III
59 Shirtuh ملك سوسا ?–? ? ? son of Kuk-Nashur III
60 Kuduzulush II Sukkalmah, King of Susa ?–? ? ? son of Shimut-Wartash II
61 Tan-Uli Sukkalmah, Sukkal ?–? ? ? ?
62 Temti-Halki Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam and Simashki and Susa ?–? ? ? son of Tan-Uli
63 Kuk-Nashur IV[5] Sukkalmah ?–? ? ? son of Tan-Uli
64 Kutik-Matlat[4] ?–? c. 1500 ق.م. ? son of Tan-Uli
Middle Elamite Period, c. 1500–c. 1000 ق.م.
Kidinuid dynasty,[9] c. 1500–c. 1400 ق.م.
65 Kidinu ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? 15th century ق.م. ? ?
66 Inshushinak-Sunkir-Nappipir ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? ?
67 Tan-Ruhuratir II ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? 15th century ق.م. ? ?
68 Shalla ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? ?
76 Tepti-Ahar ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? c. 1370 ق.م. ? ? cont. Kadashman-Enlil I Kassite king of Babylon
Igehalkid dynasty,[9] c. 1400–c. 1200 ق.م.
69 Ata-Halki[12] ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? ?
70 Attar-Kittah I[12] ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? son of Ata-Halki
71 Ige-Halki ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? ?
72 Pahir-Ishshan I ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? c. 1390 ق.م. ? son of Ige-Halki cont. Kurigalzu I Kassite king of Babylon
73 Kidin-Hutran I ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? son of Pahir-Ishshan I[13]
74 Attar-Kittah II ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? son of Ige-Halki
75 Humban-Numena I ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? c. 1370 ق.م. ? son of Attar-Kittah II cont. Burna-Buriash II Kassite king of Babylon
77 Untash-Napirisha or Untash-Humban Statue of Napirasu.JPG ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? c. 1340 ق.م. ? son of Humban-Numena I
78 Kidin-Hutran II ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? son of Untash-Naprisha[13]
79 Napirisha-Untash or Humban-Untash ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? son of Kidin-Hutran II[13]
80 Pahir-Ishshan II ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? ?
81 Unpatar-Napirisha or Unpatar-Humban ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? son of Pahir-Ishshan II
82 Kidin-Hutran III ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? c. 1224 ق.م. c. 1217 ق.م. son of Pahir-Ishshan II cont. Enlil-nadin-shumi & Adad-shuma-iddina Kassite kings of Babylon[10]
Shutrukid dynasty,[9] c. 1200–c. 970 ق.م.
83 Hallutush-Inshushinak ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? c. 1200 ق.م. ? ?
84 Shutruk-Nahhunte I
Naram-Sin stele inscription in Elamite.jpg
 ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? before c. 1158 ق.م. after c. 1158 ق.م. son of Hallutush-Inshushinak
85 Kutir-Nahhunte II ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? before c. 1155 ق.م. after c. 1155 ق.م. son of Shutruk-Nahhunte I
86 Shilhak-Inshushinak I Brick Shilhak-Inshushinak Louvre Sb11945.jpg ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? son of Shutruk-Nahhunte I
87 Hutelutush-Inshushinak ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? before c. 1110 ق.م. after c. 1110 ق.م. son of Kutir-Nahhunte II
88 Shilhina-Hamru-Lakamar ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? after 1110 ق.م. ? son of Shilhak-Inshushinak I
89 Humban-Numena II ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? early 11th century ق.م. ? ?
90 Shutruk-Nahhunte II ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? middle of 11th century ق.م. ? son of Humban-Numena II
91 Shutur-Nahhunte I ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? middle of 11th century ق.م. ? son of Humban-Numena II Created the Kul-e Farah inscription
92 Mar-biti-apla-usur[14] "son" of Elam ?–? before 983 ق.م. after 978 ق.م. ?
? Akshir-Shimut ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? ?
? Akshir-Nahhunte ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? ? ? ?
? Kara-Indash ملك عيلام ?–? ? ? ?
الفترة العيلامية الجديدة، ح. 1000–ح. 500 ق.م.
Humban-Tahrid (Neo-Elamite) dynasty,[15] ح. 830–521 ق.م.
96 The unnamed king of Elam ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? before c. 821 ق.م. after c. 821 ق.م. ? cont. Shamshi-Adad V king of Assyria
97 Humban-Tahrah I ملك عيلام ?–743 ق.م. ? 743 ق.م. ?
98 Humban-Nikash I ملك عيلام ?–717 ق.م. 743 ق.م. 717 ق.م. ابن Humban-Tahrah I
99 Shutur-Nahhunte II ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–699 ق.م. 717 ق.م. 699 ق.م. son (Ruhushak) of Humban-Nikash I
100 Hallushu-Inshushinak ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–oct. 693 ق.م. 699 ق.م. oct. 693 ق.م. brother of Shutur-Nahhunte II
101 Kutir-Nahhunte III ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–July 692 ق.م. oct. 693 ق.م. July 692 ق.م. son of Hallushu-Inshushinak
102 Humban-Numena III ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–feb. 688 ق.م. July 692 ق.م. feb. 688 ق.م. son of Hallushu-Inshushinak
103 Humban-Haltash I ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–oct. 681 ق.م. feb. 688 ق.م. oct. 681 ق.م. son of Humban-Numena III (?)
104 Humban-Haltash II ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–sept. 675 ق.م. oct. 681 ق.م. sept. 675 ق.م. son of Humban-Haltash I
105 أورتك[16] ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–663 ق.م. سبتمبر 675 ق.م. 664 ق.م.[16] شقيق Humban-Haltash II
106 Teumman King Teumman wounded at the Battle of Ulai.jpg ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–سبتمبر 653 ق.م. 663 ق.م. سبتمبر 653 ق.م. شقيق أورتك
107 هومبان نيكش الثاني ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–651 ق.م. sept. 653 ق.م. 651 ق.م. ابن أورتك
108 تماريتو الأول Tammaritu (behind the bow), son of Urtak, leading Assyrian troops against Teumman, king of Elam.jpg ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–after 645/4 ق.م. 652 ق.م. 649 ق.م. son of Urtak
109 Indabibi ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–after July 648 ق.م. 649 ق.م. after July 648 ق.م. ?
110 Humban-haltash III Ummanaldash, King of Elam 645-640 BCE.jpg ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–after 645/4 ق.م. after July 648 ق.م. 645/4 ق.م. son of Atta-hamiti-Inshushinak
108 Tammaritu II ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–after 645/4 ق.م. 647 ق.م. 647 ق.م. son of Tammaritu I
111 Humban-Nikash III ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–after 645/4 ق.م. 647 ق.م. 647 ق.م. son of Atta-Merra-Halki
112 Umhuluma ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? 647 ق.م. 647 ق.م. ?
113 Indattu-Inshushinak IV ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? 647 ق.م. after autumn 646 ق.م. ?
114 Humban-Hapua ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? 647 ق.م. 647 ق.م. ?
115 Pa'e ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–after 645/4 ق.م. autumn 646 after 645/4 ق.م. ?
116 Shutur-Nahhunte III ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–? after autumn 646 ق.م. ? son of Indattu-Inshushinak IV Loses Anshan to Teispes in 650 ق.م.
117 Humban-Kitin ملك سوسا ?–? last quarter of 7th century ? son of Shutur-Nahhunte III
118 Humban-Tahrah II ملك سوسا ?–? ? ? ?
119 Hallutash-Inshushinak ملك سوسا ?–? ? ? son of Humban-Tahrah II
120 Ummanunu I ملك سوسا ?–? first quarter of 6th century ق.م. ? ?
121 Shilhak-Inshushinak II ملك سوسا ?–? first quarter of 6th century ق.م. ? son of Ummanunu I
122 Temti-Humban-Inshushinak II king ?–? before 550 ق.م. ? son of Shilhak-Inshushinak II
123 Halkatash ملك سوسا ?–? ? c. 549/8 ق.م. ?
124 Açina Behistun Relief, Assina.jpg ملك عيلام ?–dec. 522 ق.م. oct. ق.م. 10 dec. 522 ق.م. son of Upadrama
125 Ummanunu II or Humban-Nikash IV (Ummaniš) ملك عيلام ?–فبراير 521 ق.م. ديسمبر 522 ق.م. فبراير 521 ق.م. ?
126 Atta-hamiti-Inshushinak ملك آنشان وسوسا ?–520/19 ق.م. ? 520/19 ق.م. son of Hutran-Temti He was also king of Gisati

الممالك العيلامية الصغرى، ح. 2700 – 519 ق.م.

Old Elamite Period, c. 2700–c. 1500 BC Middle Elamite Period, c. 1500–c. 1000 BC Neo-Elamite Period, c. 1000 – 519 BC
Hamazi dynasty[17] (c. 2530–c. 2030 BC)

Hamazi probably was located in Lorestan.

  1. Hatanish (7 years fl. c. 2530 BC) [18]
  2. Zizi (precise dates unknown)
  3. Ur-Adad (precise dates unknown)
  4. Ur-Ishkur (before 2041 – after 2037 BC)
  5. Warad-Nannar (after 2037 BC)
 Hidalu kingdom, c. 660–c. 6th century BC

Hidalu was located near modern Behbahan.

  1. Shutur-Nahhunte (until 653 BC) brother(?) of Temti-Humban-Inshushinak I
  2. Tammaritu (after Sept. 653 – after 652 BC) son of Urtak king of Elam
  3. Kurlush (precise dates unknown)
  4. Kidin-Hutran (early 6th century BC) son of Kurlush
Sherihum kingdom,[19] c. 2400–c. 2300 BC

Sherihum is the ancient name of northern areas of Persian Gulf.

  1. [ ... ]hi (c. before 2371 BC)
  2. [ ... ]ru (c. 2316 BC)
  3. The unnamed king of Sherihum (until 2305 BC). Also he was king of Anshan
 Rashi kingdom, c. 660–c. 640 BC
  1. Indabibi (before 649 – after July 648) Also the great king of Elam
  2. Imbapi (before 647 – autumn 646 BC) husband of sister of Humban-Haltash III king of Elam
  3. Pa'e (autumn 646 – after 645/4 BC) Also the great king of Elam
Anshan dynasty[3] (c. 2350–c. 1970 BC)

Anshan was located at Marvdasht of Fars near Persepolis.

  1. The unnamed king of Anshan (until 2305 BC) king of Sherihum & Anshan. He was defeated & sent to Akkad.
  2. Shalabum[20] (before 2068 until 2064 BC) married with a daughter of Shulgi king of Ur
  3. Libum[20] (from 2064 BC) made some wars against Ur
  4. The unnamed king of Anshan (c. 2041–2037 BC) married with a daughter of Shu-Sin king of Ur
  5. The unnamed king of Anshan (until 2017 BC) married with a daughter of Ibbi-Sin king of Ur
  6. Imazu (cont. Shu-ilishu king of Isin) restored statue of Nannar to Isin son of Kindattu king of Simashki
  7. Eparti II (cont. Iddin-Dagan king of Isin) (Sukkalmah & king of Anshan & Susa). Married with a daughter of Iddin-Dagan king of Isin in 1973 BC.[10]
 Aiapir kingdom, c. 7th century BC

Aiapir is the ancient name of modern Izeh.

  1. Tahhi-hi (precise dates unknown)
  2. Hanne (cont. with Shutur-Nahhunte III king of Elam) son of Tahhi-hi
  3. Zashehshi (precise dates unknown) son of Hanne
Tukrish kingdom, c. 2350–c. 2250 BC

The site of Tukrish is unknown.

  1. Autalummash[21] (c. 2350 BC) Also king of kings of Elam
  2. Immashkush (after 2292 BC)[22]
  3. Kiklipatalish (after 2292 BC)[22]
 Gisati kingdom, c. 7th century – 519 BC
  1. Shati-Hupiti (late 7th century BC)
  2. Humban-Shuturuk son of Shati-Hupiti (early 6th century BC)
  3. Hutran-Temti (middle 6th century BC)
  4. Atta-hamiti-Inshushinak son of Hutran-Temti (until 520/19 BC)
Khukhnur kingdom,[19] c. 2350–c. 2000 BC
  1. Zina (c. 2325 BCE)
  2. The unnamed king of Khukhnur (c. 2100 BCE)
  3. The unnamed king of Khukhnur (until 2041 BCE)
  4. Simhuzia (from 2041 BCE)
  5. The unnamed king of Khukhnur (until 2017 BCE)
 Elammat kingdom, c. 14th century BC
  1. Hurpatila (c. 1350–c. 1340 BC)
 Zamin kingdom, c. 7th century–c. 6th century BC
  1. Bahuri I (late 7th century BC)[23]
  2. Bahuri II (early 6th century BC)[24]
مملكة در، ح. 2350–ح. 646 ق.م.

Der was located at modern Ilam province of Iran.

  1. The unnamed king of Der (until c. 2350 BC)
  2. Ursin (from 2050 BC)
  3. The unnamed king of Der (after 2006 BC)
  4. Anum-muttabil (c. 1932–c. 1928 BC)
  5. Manana (c. 1886–c. 1881 BC)
  6. Naqimum (precise dates unknown)
  7. Sumu-iamutbala (c. 1855 BC)
  8. Manium (c. 1849 BC)
  9. Temti-Shilhak (precise dates unknown)
  10. Kutir-Mabuk (c. 1828–1818 BC)
  11. Rim-Sin I (1818 – after 1763 BC)
  12. Rim-Sin II (before 1741–1736 BC)
 Der kingdom, c. 2350–c. 646 BC
  1. Lakti-Shikhu (c. 1110 BC)
 Der kingdom, c. 2350–c. 646 BC
  1. The unnamed king of Der (until 819 BC)
  2. Tandaia (c. 668 BC)
  3. تماريتو (648/9–647 ق.م.) شقيق أورتك ملك عيلام
مملكة Adamdun، ح. 2200–c. 2027 BC مملكة Samati، ح. القرن السادس ق.م. غار کلماکره

The remains of kings of Samati have been discovered from a cave near modern Pol-e-Dokhtar.

  1. Dabala[25]
  2. Ampirish[25] son of Dabala
  3. Anni-Shilha[25] son of Dabala
  4. Unzikillik[26] son of Anni-Shilha
  5. Zittiyash[27]
  6. Unsak[28] son of Zittiyash
Simanum kingdom, c. 2050–c. 2000 BC Zari kingdom, c. 6th century BC
  1. Appalaya[29]
Awak kingdom, c. 2050 – c. 2000 BC

ملوك إليمائي، ح. 147 ق.م. – ح. 224 م

This section draws on Wiesehöfer and Pakzadian.[30]

  1. Kamnaskires I Megas Soter (c. 147–c. 145 BC)
  2. Kamnaskires II Nikephoros (c. 145–c. 139 BC)
  3. Okkonapses (c. 139/8 BC)
  4. Tigraios (c. 138/7–c. 133/2 bc)
  5. داريوش (قبل ح. 129 ق.م.)
  6. Kamnaskires III Megas Nikephorus (c. 85 BC)
  7. Kamnaskires IV (c. 82/1–c. 76/5 BC) with Anzaze (his Queen)
  8. Kamnaskires V[31] (c. 73/2–c. 46 BC)
  9. Kamnaskires VI[32] (c. 46–c. 28 BC)
  10. Kamnaskires VII[33] (c. 28 BC–c. 1 AD)
  11. Kamnaskires VIII[34] (c. 1–c. 15 AD)
  12. Kamnaskires IX[35] (c. 15–c. 25 AD)
  13. Orodes I (c. 25–c. 50 AD)
  14. Orodes II (c. 50–c. 70 AD), son of Orodes I
  15. Phraates[36] (c. 70–c. 90 AD), son of Orodes (I or II)
  16. Orodes III[37] (c. 90–c. 100 AD), son of Orodes II
  17. Kamnaskires-Orodes[38] (c. 100–c. 120 AD), son of Orodes II
  18. Ariobarzanes (c. 125 AD)
  19. Osroes (c. 125–c. 130 AD)
  20. Unknown King I (c. 130–c. 140 AD)
  21. Orodes IV[39] & Ulpan (c. 140–c. 160 AD)
  22. Abarbasi[40] (c. 160–c. 170 AD)
  23. Orodes V[41] (c. 170–c. 180 AD), son of Beldusa
  24. Vologases[42] (c. 180–c. 190 AD)
  25. Unknown King II[43] (c. 190–c. 210 AD)
  26. Unknown King III[44] (c. 210–c. 220 AD)
  27. Orodes VI[45] (c. 220 – 224 AD)

الهامش

  1. ^ Awan's geographical site is unknown. But it is very probable that it was near Poshtkuh of لرستان.
  2. ^ The first three kings of Awan were also kings of Mesopotamia.
  3. ^ أ ب Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat "Elam ...", 1998.
  4. ^ أ ب Cameron, 1936.
  5. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Potts, 1999.
  6. ^ أ ب Hinz, 1972.
  7. ^ Some archaeologists have suggested that Simashki was located in the north of Elam and Anshan near modern Isfahan.
  8. ^ Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat "Elam ...", 1998.
  9. ^ أ ب ت ث Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
  10. ^ أ ب ت Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
  11. ^ "Ruhushak" means son of sister but probably it refers to a dynastical marriage between siblings. See Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
  12. ^ أ ب Majidzadeh, 1991.
  13. ^ أ ب ت Vallat, Francois. Elam: The History of Elam.
  14. ^ He was also king of Babylon.
  15. ^ Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Vallat, 1995; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998; Reade, 2000; Henkelman, 2003; Tavernier, 2004.
  16. ^ أ ب D. T. Potts (12 November 2015). The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge University Press. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-107-09469-7.
  17. ^ Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat "Elam ...", 1998.
  18. ^ He was also king of Mesopotamia.
  19. ^ أ ب Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History
  20. ^ أ ب Legrain, 1922.
  21. ^ Cameron, 1936, Persian tr. P. 180
  22. ^ أ ب Cameron, 1936, Persian tr. p.181.
  23. ^ Vallat, 1998. Reade, 2000. Henkelman, 2003. Tavernier, 2004.
  24. ^ Vallat, "Zamin ...", 1998. Reade, 2000. Henkelman, 2003. Tavernier, 2004.
  25. ^ أ ب ت Vallat, 1996. Tavernier, 2004.
  26. ^ Vallat, 1996.
  27. ^ Vallat, 2002.
  28. ^ Vallat, 2002. Tavernier, 2004.
  29. ^ Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998. Henkelman, 2003. Tavernier, 2004.
  30. ^ Wiesehöfer, 1996, p. 318. Pakzadian, 2007, pp. 56-57 & VII-X.
  31. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires V, VI, VII, VIII and IX.
  32. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires X and XI.
  33. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XII and XIII.
  34. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XIV and XV.
  35. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Late Kamnaskires Successors types 1, 2 and 3.
  36. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Phraates I, II and III.
  37. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Orodes III and IV.
  38. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires-Orodes I and II.
  39. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Orodes V, VI and VII.
  40. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: 1st Unknown King (A)
  41. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Unknown Kings 2nd(B), 3rd(C) and 4th(D)
  42. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Vologases I and II.
  43. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Unknown Kings 5th(E), 6th(F) and 7th(G)
  44. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Unknown Kings 8th(H) and 9th(I)
  45. ^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: 10th Unknown King (J)

ببليوگرافيا

وصلات خارجية

حكام الشرق الأدنى القديم
الأقاليم/
التواريخ
[1][2][3][4]		 مصر كنعان إبلا ماري أكشاك/
أكاد		 كيش أوروك أداب أومـّا
 لگش أور عيلام
سبقها: تأريخ فترة العصر الحجري الحديث
4000–3200 ق.م. ثقافة نقادة (4000–3100 ق.م.) Proto-Cannaanites الفترة السومرية (4000–2340 ق.م.) Susa I
فترة ما قبل الأسرات (4000–2900 ق.م.)
نقادة 1
نقادة 2
سكين جبل العركي 		العلاقات الرافدية المصرية
فترة أوروك
(4000-3100 ق.م.)

Rolzegel.JPG
(Anonymous "King-priests")

الحكام الأسطوريون قبل الطوفان:
في إريدو: Alulim, Alalngar, آنذاك في Bad-tibira: En-men-lu-ana, En-men-gal-ana, Dumuzid, the Shepherd، آنذاك في Larag: En-sipad-zid-ana, then in Zimbir: En-men-dur-ana، آنذاك في Shuruppag: Ubara-Tutu
"ثم الطوفان اجتاح العالم"[5] 		Susa II
Susa II Priest-King with bow and arrows
(Uruk influence or control)
3200–3100 ق.م. الفترة الأولية للأسر
(نقادة 3)
الملوك المبكرون أو الأسطوريون:
Upper Egypt
Finger Snail Fish Pen-Abu Animal Stork Canide Bull Scorpion I Shendjw Iry-Hor Ka Scorpion II نعرمر / Menes 		Lower Egypt
Hedju Hor Ny-Hor Hsekiu Khayu Tiu Thesh Neheb Wazner Nat-Hor Mekh Double Falcon Wash
3100–2900 ق.م. Early Dynastic Period
First Dynasty of Egypt
Narmer Palette

Narmer Menes Hor-Aha Djer Djet Merneith♀ DenAnedjib Semerkhet Qa'a Sneferka Horus Bird 		Canaanites Jemdet Nasr period Proto-Elamite
period
(Susa III)
(3100-2700 ق.م.)
Great Flood
2900 ق.م. Second Dynasty of Egypt

Hotepsekhemwy Nebra/Raneb Nynetjer Ba Nubnefer Horus Sa Weneg-Nebty Wadjenes Senedj Seth-Peribsen Sekhemib-Perenmaat Neferkara I Neferkasokar Hudjefa I Khasekhemwy
Khasekhemwy 		Early Dynastic Period I (2900–2700 ق.م.)
First Eblaite
Kingdom
(Semitic) 		First kingdom
of Mari
(Semitic) 		Kish I dynasty
Jushur, Kullassina-bel
Nangishlishma,
En-tarah-ana
Babum, Puannum, Kalibum
2800 ق.م.


Kalumum Zuqaqip Atab
Mashda Arwium Etana
Balih En-me-nuna
Melem-Kish Barsal-nuna 		Uruk I dynasty
Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
Enmerkar ("conqueror of Aratta")
2700 ق.م. Early Dynastic Period II (2700–2600 ق.م.)
Zamug, Tizqar, Ilku
Iltasadum 		Lugalbanda
Dumuzid, the Fisherman


En-me-barage-si ("made the land of Elam submit")[6]
Aga of KishBlank space.pngAga of Kish GilgameshBlank space.pngGilgamesh on a seal of Mesannapeda, 2600 BCE.jpg Old Elamite period
(2700–1500 ق.م.)

Indus-Mesopotamia relations
2600 ق.م. Third Dynasty of Egypt

Djoser Sekhemkhet Sanakht Nebka Khaba Qahedjet Huni
Saqqarah Djeser pyramid 		Early Dynastic Period III (2600–2340 ق.م.)
Sagisu
Abur-lim
Agur-lim
Ibbi-Damu
Baba-Damu 		Kish II dynasty
(5 kings)
Uhub
Mesilim 		Ur-Nungal
Udulkalama
Labashum 		Lagash
En-hegal
Lugalshaengur 		Ur
A-Imdugud
Ur-PabilsagBlank space.pngUr-Palbisag.jpg
Meskalamdug
(Queen Puabi)
Akalamdug
Enun-dara-anna
Mes-he
Melamanna
Lugal-kitun 		Adab
Nin-kisalsi
Me-durba
Lugal-dalu
2575 ق.م. Old Kingdom of Egypt
Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
Snefru Khufu
Kheops-Pyramid.jpg
Djedefre Khafre Bikheris Menkaure Shepseskaf Thamphthis 		Ur I dynasty
Mesannepada
"ملك أور وكيش"، المنتصر على أوروك
2500 ق.م. Phoenicia (2500-539 ق.م.) Second kingdom
of Mari
(Semitic)
Ikun-Shamash
Iku-Shamagan
Iku-Shamagan


Ansud
Sa'umu
Ishtup-Ishar
Ikun-Mari
Iblul-Il
Nizi 		Akshak dynasty
Unzi
Undalulu 		Kish III dynasty
Ku-Baba 		Uruk II dynasty
Enshakushanna 		Mug-si Umma I dynasty

Pabilgagaltuku 		Lagash I dynasty

Ur-Nanshe
Ur-Nanshe.jpg

Akurgal 		A'annepada
Meskiagnun
إلولو
بالولو 		Awan dynasty
Peli
Tata
Ukkutahesh
Hishur
2450 ق.م. Fifth Dynasty of Egypt

Userkaf Sahure Neferirkare Kakai Neferefre Shepseskare Nyuserre Ini Menkauhor Kaiu Djedkare Isesi Unas 		Enar-Damu
Ishar-Malik 		Ush
Enakalle
Elamite invasions
(3 kings)[7] 		Shushuntarana
Napilhush
2425 ق.م. Kun-Damu EannatumBlank space.pngP1130735 Louvre stèle des Vautours rwk.JPG
(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
2400 ق.م. Adub-Damu
Igrish-Halam
Irkab-Damu 		Urur Kish IV dynasty
Puzur-Suen
Ur-Zababa 		Lugal-kinishe-dudu
Lugal-kisalsi 		E-iginimpa'e
Meskigal 		Ur-Lumma
Il
Gishakidu
(Queen Bara-irnun) 		Enannatum
Entemena
Enannatum II
Enentarzi 		Ur II dynasty
Nanni
Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II 		Kiku-siwe-tempti
2380 BCE Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
Teti Userkare Pepi I Merenre Nemtyemsaf I Pepi II Merenre Nemtyemsaf II Netjerkare Siptah
Kneeling statuette of Pepy I 		Adab dynasty
Lugalannemundu
"King of the four quarters of the world"
2370 ق.م. Isar-Damu Enna-Dagan
Ikun-Ishar
Ishqi-Mari 		Invasion of Mari
Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter[7] 		Ukush Lugalanda
Urukagina 		Luh-ishan
2350 ق.م.


Puzur-Nirah
Ishu-Il
Shu-Sin 		Uruk III dynasty
Lugalzagesi
(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
2340 ق.م. Akkadian Period (2340–2150 ق.م.)
Akkadian Empire
(Semitic)
Sargon of Akkad Rimush Manishtushu 		Akkadian Governors:
Eshpum
Ilshu-rabi
Epirmupi
Ili-ishmani
2250 ق.م. Naram-SinBlank space.pngRelief of Naram-Sin (portrait).jpg Lugal-ushumgal
(vassal of the Akkadians)
2200 BCE First Intermediate Period
Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
Eighth Dynasty of Egypt 		Second Eblaite
Kingdom
(Semitic)















(Vassals of UR III) 		Shakkanakku
dynasty
(Semitic)
Ididish
Shu-Dagan
Ishma-Dagan
(Vassals of the Akkadians)
Shar-Kali-Sharri
Igigi, Imi, Nanum, Ilulu (3 years)
Dudu
Shu-turul 		Uruk IV dynasty
Ur-nigin
Ur-gigir 		Lagash II dynasty
Puzer-Mama
Ur-Ningirsu I
Pirig-me
Lu-Baba
Lu-gula
Ka-ku
 Hishep-Ratep
Helu
Khita
Puzur-Inshushinak
2150 ق.م. Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
Meryibre Khety Neferkare VII Nebkaure Khety Setut 		Neo-Sumerian Period (2150–2000 ق.م.)
Nûr-Mêr
Ishtup-Ilum
Ishtup-Ilum statue (head).jpg
Ishgum-Addu
Apil-kin 		Gutian dynasty
(21 kings)

La-erabum
Si'um 		Kuda (Uruk)
Puzur-ili
Ur-Utu 		Umma II dynasty
Lugalannatum
(vassal of the Gutians) 		Ur-Baba
Gudea
Gudea of Lagash Girsu.jpg

Ur-Ningirsu
Ur-gar
Nam-mahani

Tirigan
2125 ق.م. Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
Meryhathor Neferkare VIII Wahkare Khety Merykare 		Iddi-ilum
Ili-Ishar
Tura-Dagan
Puzur-Ishtar
Hitial-Erra
Hanun-Dagan
(Vassals of Ur III)[8] 		Uruk V dynasty
Utu-hengal
2100 BCE


Ur III dynasty
"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"Blank space.pngKing Ur-Nammu.jpg
Ur-Nammu Shulgi Amar-Sin Shu-Sin Ibbi-Sin
2050 ق.م.


2000 ق.م. Middle Kingdom of Egypt
Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
Mentuhotep I Intef I Intef II Intef III Mentuhotep II Mentuhotep III Mentuhotep IV
حوالي 2000 ق.م. Amorite invasions Elamite invasions
Kindattu (Shimashki Dynasty)
2025-1763 ق.م. Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
Amenemhat I Senusret I Amenemhat II Senusret II Senusret III Amenemhat III Amenemhat IV Sobekneferu♀ 		Third Eblaite
Kingdom
(Semitic)
Ibbit-Lim Immeya Indilimma 		Old Assyrian Empire
(2025–1378 ق.م.)
Puzur-Ashur I Shalim-ahum Ilu-shuma Erishum I Ikunum Sargon I Puzur-Ashur II Naram-Sin Erishum II Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi Bel-bani Libaya Sharma-Adad I Iptar-Sin Bazaya Lullaya Shu-Ninua Sharma-Adad II Erishum III Shamshi-Adad II Ishme-Dagan II Shamshi-Adad III Ashur-nirari I Puzur-Ashur III Enlil-nasir I Nur-ili Ashur-shaduni Ashur-rabi I Ashur-nadin-ahhe I Enlil-Nasir II Ashur-nirari II Ashur-bel-nisheshu Ashur-rim-nisheshu Ashur-nadin-ahhe II 		Isin-Larsa period (Amorites)
Dynasty of Isin: Ishbi-Erra Shu-Ilishu Iddin-Dagan Ishme-Dagan Lipit-Eshtar Ur-Ninurta Bur-Suen Lipit-Enlil Erra-imitti Enlil-bani Zambiya Iter-pisha Ur-du-kuga Suen-magir Damiq-ilishu
Dynasty of Larsa: Naplanum Emisum Samium Zabaia Gungunum Abisare Sumuel Nur-Adad Sin-Iddinam Sin-Eribam Sin-Iqisham Silli-Adad Warad-Sin Rim-Sin I (...) Rim-Sin II 		Sukkalmah dynasty

Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
1894–1595 ق.م. Second Intermediate Period
Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt 		Abraham
(Biblical) 		Yamhad
F0182 Louvre Code Hammourabi Bas-relief Sb8 rwk.jpg
First Babylonian dynasty
("Old Babylonian Period")
(Amorites)
Sumu-abum Sumu-la-El Sin-muballitSabium Apil-Sin Sin-muballit Hammurabi Samsu-iluna Abi-eshuh Ammi-ditana Ammi-saduqa Samsu-Ditana

Early Kassite rulers

Second Babylonian dynasty
("Sealand Dynasty")
Ilum-ma-ili Itti-ili-nibi Damqi-ilishu
Ishkibal Shushushi Gulkishar
mDIŠ+U-EN Peshgaldaramesh Ayadaragalama
Akurduana Melamkurkurra Ea-gamil

Sixteenth
Dynasty
Abydos
Dynasty
Seventeenth
Dynasty

Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
("Hyksos")
Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos

Semqen 'Aper-'Anati Sakir-Har Khyan Apepi Khamudi 		Mitanni
(1600–1260 ق.م.)
Kirta Shuttarna I Parshatatar
1531–1155 ق.م.
Tutankhamun
New Kingdom of Egypt
Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Ahmose I Amenhotep I
Kudurru Louvre Sb31.jpg
Third Babylonian dynasty (Kassites)
Agum-Kakrime Burnaburiash I Kashtiliash III Ulamburiash Agum III Karaindash Kadashman-harbe I Kurigalzu I Kadashman-Enlil I Burnaburiash II Kara-hardash Nazi-Bugash Kurigalzu II Nazi-Maruttash Kadashman-Turgu Kadashman-Enlil II Kudur-Enlil Shagarakti-Shuriash Kashtiliashu IV Enlil-nadin-shumi Kadashman-Harbe II Adad-shuma-iddina Adad-shuma-usur Meli-Shipak II Marduk-apla-iddina I Zababa-shuma-iddin Enlil-nadin-ahi 		Middle Elamite period

(1500–1100 ق.م.)
Kidinuid dynasty
Igehalkid dynasty
Untash-Napirisha

Thutmose I Thutmose II Thutmose III
Hatshepsut♀ Amenhotep II Thutmose IV Amenhotep III Akhenaten Smenkhkare Neferneferuaten♀ Tutankhamun Ay Horemheb Hittite Empire
Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Ramesses I Seti I Ramesses II Merneptah Amenmesses Seti II Siptah Twosret♀ 		Elamite Empire
Shutrukid dynasty
Shutruk-Nakhunte
1155–1025 ق.م. Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt

Setnakhte Ramesses III Ramesses IV Ramesses V Ramesses VI Ramesses VII Ramesses VIII Ramesses IX Ramesses X Ramesses XI

Third Intermediate Period

Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
Smendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamun Psusennes II

Phoenicia



Kingdom of Israel
Saul
Ish-bosheth
David
Solomon 		Syro-Hittite states Middle Assyrian Empire
Eriba-Adad I Ashur-uballit I Enlil-nirari Arik-den-ili Adad-nirari I Shalmaneser I Tukulti-Ninurta I Ashur-nadin-apli Ashur-nirari III Enlil-kudurri-usur Ninurta-apal-Ekur Ashur-dan I Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur Mutakkil-Nusku Ashur-resh-ishi I Tiglath-Pileser I Asharid-apal-Ekur Ashur-bel-kala Eriba-Adad II Shamshi-Adad IV Ashurnasirpal I Shalmaneser II Ashur-nirari IV Ashur-rabi II Ashur-resh-ishi II Tiglath-Pileser II Ashur-dan II 		Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("Second Dynasty of Isin")
Marduk-kabit-ahheshu Itti-Marduk-balatu Ninurta-nadin-shumi Nebuchadnezzar I Enlil-nadin-apli Marduk-nadin-ahhe Marduk-shapik-zeri Adad-apla-iddina Marduk-ahhe-eriba Marduk-zer-X Nabu-shum-libur 		Neo-Elamite period (1100–540 ق.م.)
1025–934 BCE Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")
Simbar-shipak Ea-mukin-zeri Kashshu-nadin-ahi Eulmash-shakin-shumi Ninurta-kudurri-usur I Shirikti-shuqamuna Mar-biti-apla-usur Nabû-mukin-apli
911–745 ق.م. Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
Shoshenq I Osorkon I Shoshenq II Takelot I Osorkon II Shoshenq III Shoshenq IV Pami Shoshenq V Pedubast II Osorkon IV

Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
Harsiese A Takelot II Pedubast I Shoshenq VI Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamun Menkheperre Ini

Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
Tefnakht Bakenranef

Kingdom of Samaria

Kingdom of Judah 		Neo-Assyrian Empire
Adad-nirari II Tukulti-Ninurta II Ashurnasirpal II Shalmaneser III Shamshi-Adad V Shammuramat (regent) Adad-nirari III Shalmaneser IV Ashur-Dan III Ashur-nirari V
Tablet of Shamash relief.jpg
Ninth Babylonian Dynasty
Ninurta-kudurri-usur II Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina Shamash-mudammiq Nabu-shuma-ukin I Nabu-apla-iddina Marduk-zakir-shumi I Marduk-balassu-iqbi Baba-aha-iddina (five kings) Ninurta-apla-X Marduk-bel-zeri Marduk-apla-usur Eriba-Marduk Nabu-shuma-ishkun Nabonassar Nabu-nadin-zeri Nabu-shuma-ukin II Nabu-mukin-zeri
 Humban-Tahrid dynasty

Urtak
Teumman
Ummanigash
Tammaritu I
Indabibi
Humban-haltash III
745–609 BCE Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
Taharqa
("Black Pharaohs")
Piye Shebitku Shabaka Taharqa Tanutamun 		Neo-Assyrian Empire

(Sargonid dynasty)
Tiglath-Pileser† Shalmaneser† Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon† Sennacherib† Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi† Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon† Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II

Assyrian conquest of Egypt
626–539 BCE Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
Necho I Psamtik I Necho II Psamtik II Wahibre Ahmose II Psamtik III 		Neo-Babylonian Empire
Nabopolassar Nebuchadnezzar II Amel-Marduk Neriglissar Labashi-Marduk Nabonidus 		Median Empire
Deioces Phraortes Madius Cyaxares Astyages
539–331 BCE Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
(Achaemenid conquest of Egypt)
Darius In Parse.JPG
Achaemenid Empire
Cyrus Cambyses Darius I Xerxes Artaxerxes I Darius II Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes III Artaxerxes IV Darius III
Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
331–141 BCE Ptolemaic dynasty
Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy Keraunos Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy III Euergetes Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy V Epiphanes Cleopatra I Syra (regent) Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Cleopatra II Philometor Soter Ptolemy VIII Physcon Cleopatra III Ptolemy IX Lathyros Ptolemy X Alexander Berenice III Ptolemy XI Alexander Ptolemy XII Auletes Cleopatra VI Tryphaena Berenice IV Epiphanea Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy XIV Cleopatra VII Philopator Ptolemy XV Caesarion 		Hellenistic Period
Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
Argead dynasty: Alexander I Philip Alexander II Antigonus

Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes

141–30 BCE Kingdom of Judea
Simon Thassi John Hyrcanus Aristobulus I Alexander Jannaeus Salome Alexandra Hyrcanus II Aristobulus II Antigonus II Mattathias 		Alexander II Zabinas Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus Parthian Empire
Mithridates I Phraates Hyspaosines Artabanus Mithridates II Gotarzes Mithridates III Orodes I Sinatruces Phraates III Mithridates IV Orodes II Phraates IV Tiridates II Musa Phraates V Orodes III Vonones I Artabanus II Tiridates III Artabanus II Vardanes I Gotarzes II Meherdates Vonones II Vologases I Vardanes II Pacorus II Vologases II Artabanus III Osroes I
30 ق.م.–618 م Roman Empire
(Roman conquest of Egypt)
Province of Egypt 		Roman Empire
Judea 		Roman Empire
Syria 		Roman Empire
Province of Mesopotamia 		Vologases III Parthamaspates Sinatruces II Mithridates V Vologases IV Osroes II Vologases V Vologases VI Artabanus IV
Sasanian Empire
Province of Asoristan
Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
Ardashir I Shapur I Hormizd I Bahram I Bahram II Bahram III Narseh Hormizd II Adur Narseh Shapur II Ardashir II Shapur III Bahram IV Yazdegerd I Shapur IV Khosrow Bahram V Yazdegerd II Hormizd III Peroz I Balash Kavad I Jamasp Kavad I Khosrow I Hormizd IV Khosrow II Bahram VI Chobin Vistahm
618–628 م Sasanian Empire
(Sasanian conquest of Egypt)
Province of Egypt
Shahrbaraz Sahralanyozan Shahrbaraz 		Sasanian Empire
Province of Asoristan
Khosrow II Kavad II Ardashir III Shahrbaraz Khosrow III Boran Shapur-i Shahrvaraz Azarmidokht Farrukh Hormizd Hormizd VI Khosrow IV Boran Yazdegerd III Peroz III Narsieh
628–641 م Roman Empire
Province of Egypt 		Roman Empire
يهودا 		Roman Empire
سوريا 		Roman Empire
مقاطعة الرافدين
639–651 م Muslim conquest of Egypt Muslim conquest of the Levant Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
Font Awesome 5 solid long-arrow-alt-right.svg حكام آسيا الوسطى القديمة
  1. ^ W. Hallo; W. Simpson (1971). The Ancient Near East. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.
  2. ^ "Rulers of Mesopotamia". cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.
  3. ^ Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy (2020). Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins (in الإنجليزية). Getty Publications. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-60606-649-2.
  4. ^ Roux, Georges (1992). Ancient Iraq (in الإنجليزية). Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables). ISBN 978-0-14-193825-7.
  5. ^ "The Sumerian king list: translation". etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2008-05-08.
  6. ^ حسب قائمة الملوك السومريين
  7. ^ أ ب Per Sumerian King List
  8. ^ Unger, Merrill F. (2014). Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History (in الإنجليزية). Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-62564-606-4.
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